the ears
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The document discusses proper ear cleaning and common ear diseases and problems. The external ear canal has both cartilage and bone sections and has self-cleaning properties. Common ear symptoms include pain, discharge, ringing, and vertigo. Ear problems can be congenital, from trauma, infections, tumors, or other miscellaneous conditions. Congenital issues include abnormalities in ear shape or size. Trauma causes include lacerations and foreign bodies. Common ear infections include furuncles, diffuse infections, fungal infections, and malignant infections. Ear tumors include bone growths and skin growths. Miscellaneous conditions involve wax, cysts, scarring, and stenosis. Treatment depends on the specific condition.
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The document discusses the various causes of hearing impairment, which are grouped into disorders of the outer, middle, and inner ear as well as central auditory disorders. Outer ear disorders include structural defects from malformations or trauma. Middle ear disorders comprise conditions like otitis media, otosclerosis, cholesteatoma, and physical trauma. Cochlear disorders involve syndromic/inherited disorders, noise-induced hearing loss, infections, ototoxicity, Meniere's disease, and presbycusis. Central auditory disorders affect the vestibulocochlear nerve or brain structures.
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This document discusses various types of otitis media (OM), including:
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Ear tumour
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1. Acute otitis media (AOM), which can be catarrhal, effusion, or suppurative. Catarrhal AOM presents with deafness but no pain. Suppurative AOM causes sudden ear pain and bulging of the eardrum.
2. Chronic otitis media, which includes chronic middle ear effusion (serous or secretory OM) and chronic suppurative OM. Chronic suppurative OM can be tubo-tympanic or attico-antral.
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Ear tumours can form anywhere in or around the ear and may be benign or malignant. While the causes are still unclear, excessive oil production by skin glands may contribute to cyst or tumour growth. Symptoms can include lumps on the ear, pain, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear canal, audiometry tests, and sometimes CT scans. Treatment depends on whether the tumour is benign or malignant; benign tumours may require antibiotics but malignant tumours need surgical removal. Regular ear exams are recommended to detect any issues early.
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Otitis media with effusion, also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is defined as the chronic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction. It is a common reason for pediatric visits and the most frequent cause of hearing loss in children. Risk factors include young age, male gender, attendance at daycare, and winter season. Diagnosis involves tympanometry showing a flat tympanic membrane and treatment options include watchful waiting, antibiotics, myringotomy with tube insertion, or adenoidectomy. Complications can include permanent hearing loss if left untreated.
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1)chronic otitis media
1) Chronic otitis media (COM) refers to permanent abnormalities of the eardrum or middle ear bones caused by previous ear infections. It is classified into several subtypes based on symptoms and examination findings.
2) Inactive mucosal COM involves a dry perforation of the eardrum, while active mucosal COM shows inflammation and discharge through a perforation. Inactive squamous COM includes retraction pockets without debris, while active squamous COM features cholesteatoma with retained skin and potential to destroy local bones.
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Diseases of external ear
This document provides an overview of diseases that can affect the external ear, including the pinna and external auditory canal. It discusses various congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. Congenital deformities include microtia and atresia of the ear canal. Common traumatic injuries are lacerations and hematomas. Inflammatory diseases include infections like otitis externa caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Some examples of neoplastic conditions mentioned are squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The document provides details on symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches for many of these external ear diseases.
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Otitis media with effusion, also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is defined as the chronic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction. It is a common reason for pediatric visits and the most frequent cause of hearing loss in children. Risk factors include young age, male gender, attendance at daycare, and winter season. Diagnosis involves tympanometry showing a flat tympanic membrane and treatment options include watchful waiting, antibiotics, myringotomy with tube insertion, or adenoidectomy. Complications can include permanent hearing loss if left untreated.
Myringotomy
Myringotomy (from Latin myringa "eardrum") is a surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum to relieve pressure caused by excessive buildup of fluid, or to drain pus from the middle ear. A tympanostomy tube is inserted into the eardrum to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged time and to prevent reaccumulation of fluid. Without the insertion of a tube, the incision usually heals spontaneously in two to three weeks. Depending on the type, the tube is either naturally extruded in 6 to 12 months or removed during a minor procedure.
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Acute otitis media (AOM) is an inflammation of the middle ear cleft mucosa that is classified as either acute (lasting up to 3 weeks), subacute (3 weeks to 3 months), or chronic (over 3 months). AOM is commonly caused by viruses that lead to upper respiratory tract infections in children ages 3 to 7. It is characterized by symptoms like earache, fever, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examining the red and bulging tympanic membrane. Treatment primarily involves antibiotics, analgesics, and ear drops if perforation is present. Surgery is rarely needed and includes procedures like myringotomy or mastoidectomy for complications or treatment failures.
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- OME is the chronic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear for at least 12 weeks, usually presenting as hearing impairment. It is often preceded by acute otitis media or upper respiratory infection.
- The fluid results from inflammation of the Eustachian tube epithelium that prevents drainage of the middle ear. Histological examination shows replacement of normal epithelium with mucus-secreting cells.
- Diagnosis involves otoscopy, pneumatic otoscopy, and tympanometry which can classify effusions. Type B
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Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a long-standing ear infection characterized by ear discharge and permanent ear drum perforation. It is clinically divided into two main types - tubotympanic and atticoantral. Tubotympanic CSOM involves the lower middle ear and has a low risk of complications, while atticoantral CSOM involves the upper middle ear and carries a higher risk of complications like cholesteatoma due to bone erosion. Surgical treatment is the mainstay for atticoantral CSOM to remove disease while reconstructive surgery can help restore hearing.
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Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear associated with a perforated eardrum and chronic ear discharge. Common bacteria that cause CSOM include Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Risk factors for developing CSOM include a history of frequent ear infections, living in crowded conditions, and poor nutrition. CSOM can lead to hearing loss and potentially serious complications affecting the brain if left untreated.
Types of Otitis Media by Dr. Haseeb Ahmed - dec 2011
Detailed Presentation on Otitis Media and Its types. 4thyr MBBS presentation during ENT rotation at Ziauddin Medical University.
Serous otitis media
Serous otitis media is characterized by the accumulation of non-purulent fluid in the middle ear cavity. It is caused by malfunction of the eustachian tube, allergies, prior ear infections, or viruses. Symptoms include hearing loss and delayed speech development. Diagnosis involves tympanometry to detect fluid buildup. Treatment consists of medications to reduce fluid and antibiotics, with surgical drainage and tubes inserted for persistent cases.
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This document provides an overview of common diseases of the ear, including the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear. It discusses conditions such as otitis externa, acute and chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, tympanic membrane perforations, mastoiditis, hearing loss, and sudden sensorineural hearing loss. For each condition, it describes the etiology, symptoms, diagnostic approach, and treatment options. The document serves as a practical guide for clinicians on managing various ear diseases.
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This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, which is a rupture of the eardrum. It can be caused by ear infections, trauma, or foreign objects in the ear canal. Symptoms include ear pain, bleeding, hearing loss, and drainage from the ear. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear. Small perforations may heal on their own with antibiotics and pain medication, while larger perforations require surgery like myringoplasty or tympanoplasty to repair the eardrum. Post-operative care involves keeping the ear dry and avoiding heavy lifting or air pressure changes for a few weeks.
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1) Chronic otitis media (COM) refers to permanent abnormalities of the eardrum or middle ear bones caused by previous ear infections. It is classified into several subtypes based on symptoms and examination findings.
2) Inactive mucosal COM involves a dry perforation of the eardrum, while active mucosal COM shows inflammation and discharge through a perforation. Inactive squamous COM includes retraction pockets without debris, while active squamous COM features cholesteatoma with retained skin and potential to destroy local bones.
3) Complications of COM can arise from the spread of infection through direct bone erosion, preformed pathways, or blood vessels. This may lead to labyrinth
E.N.T. COM.(dr.hewa)
This document provides an overview of chronic otitis media, including its definition, classification, clinical features, treatment, and epidemiology. It is divided into chronic nonspecific otitis media and chronic specific otitis media. Chronic suppurative otitis media is further classified as tubotympanic disease or atticoantral disease, with the latter including cholesteatoma, granulation tissue, or cholesterol granuloma involvement. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery for refractory cases, and tympanoplasty to repair perforations and reconstruct hearing.
Otitis media with effusion in children
Otitis media with effusion, also called glue ear, serous otitis media is a very common problem encounterd in children . most of the times it is missed leading to deafness , social adjustment disorders, poor scholastic performance of kids. this slideshare is to create an awareness amonf general physicians and ENT specialists
Presentation Mdc Pulmo
This document provides information on upper and lower respiratory pathologies including sinusitis, otitis externa, otitis media, and allergic rhinitis. It defines the different types of sinusitis and describes the anatomy and development of the paranasal sinuses. It also discusses the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of otitis externa, otitis media, and allergic rhinitis.
Chapter 13
The document discusses several key terms related to the special senses of the eye and ear. It defines a PE tube as a small tube surgically placed in the eardrum to drain fluid and equalize pressure in the middle ear, which is commonly done in children with chronic ear infections. It also discusses EENT as the medical field focused on the eye, ear, nose and throat, bone conduction as how sound is conducted to the inner ear through the skull, and otitis media or middle ear infection which is usually caused by an upper respiratory infection.
Csom.dr.bini,03.04.17
This document discusses chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), specifically the tubotympanic type. It defines CSOM and describes the anatomy of the middle ear cleft. It discusses the epidemiology, types, etiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment of tubotympanic CSOM. Non-surgical treatment includes aural toilet, antibiotics, and antihistamines. Surgical treatments covered are myringoplasty to repair perforations, and tympanoplasty for more extensive middle ear reconstruction.
Mastoiditis
This document discusses mastoiditis, an infection and inflammation of the mastoid bone behind the ear. It begins by defining mastoiditis and classifying it as either acute or chronic. Risk factors include middle ear infections, injuries, and certain bacteria. Symptoms include ear pain, swelling, hearing loss, and ear drainage. The infection spreads from the middle ear to the mastoid air cells, causing mastoiditis. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging, and tests. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear drops, pain medications, and surgery such as mastoidectomy to remove infected cells. Post-operative care focuses on wound healing and avoiding pressure on the ear. Nursing care manages pain, provides fluids and medication, and addresses potential complications
Chronic suppurative otitis media (csom)
CSOM, or chronic suppurative otitis media, is a long-standing middle ear infection characterized by ear discharge and permanent perforation lasting more than 6 weeks. It is more common in developing countries due to poor socioeconomic conditions and inadequate nutrition. CSOM can be tubotympanic (safe) type involving the lower middle ear or atticoantral (unsafe) type involving the upper middle ear and causing serious complications. Treatment involves cleaning the ear, use of ear drops and sometimes surgery to repair perforations or reconstruct hearing bones. Prevention requires treating other infections like sinusitis and ensuring proper treatment of initial ear infections.
Acute otitis media final
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection involving inflammation of the middle ear. It is often difficult to diagnose accurately based on symptoms alone, which can include ear pain, hearing loss, fever, irritability, and vomiting. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms along with evidence of middle ear inflammation and effusion. The most common causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Risk factors include daycare attendance, exposure to passive smoke, genetic factors and immune deficiencies. Treatment involves analgesics and antibiotics. Complications can include persistent middle ear effusion, speech/language delays, and rarely mastoiditis or extracran
Otitismedia
The document defines various diseases and conditions related to the ear, including otology, otitis media, tinnitus, and vertigo. It provides details on acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Evaluation and management of otitis media involves assessing symptoms, performing examinations of the ear, identifying causal factors, and using antibiotic treatments or surgical procedures as needed.
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2) Guns use blunt force trauma causing blood to spray and contaminate surfaces with hepatitis and HIV.
3) Needles are sterile, sharp, and cause a cleaner piercing with less tissue damage compared to guns.
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This document provides an overview of diseases that can affect the external ear, including the pinna and external auditory canal. It discusses various congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. Congenital deformities include microtia and atresia of the ear canal. Common traumatic injuries are lacerations and hematomas. Inflammatory diseases include infections like otitis externa caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Some examples of neoplastic conditions mentioned are squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The document provides details on symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches for many of these external ear diseases.
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Diseases of the external ear can affect the auricle, external auditory meatus, or both. The auricle may be affected by congenital abnormalities, trauma, inflammation, or tumors such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. The external auditory meatus can be affected by conditions such as atresia or stenosis, excess earwax, foreign bodies, otitis externa (inflammation caused by bacteria or fungi), diffuse otitis externa, furunculosis (boils), malignant otitis externa, osteoma, or swimmer's ear. Treatment depends on the specific condition but may involve cleaning, applying medications, or surgery.
Infections of the external ear
This document discusses various infections and conditions that can affect the external ear. It begins with the anatomy and physiology of the external ear. It then covers specific conditions like acute and chronic otitis externa, furunculosis, otomycosis, granular myringitis, bullous myringitis, necrotizing external otitis, perichondritis, relapsing polychondritis, herpes zoster oticus, erysipelas, and radiation-induced otitis externa. For each condition, it discusses symptoms, signs, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Throughout it emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical exam in diagnosing and managing infections of the external ear
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This document discusses various conditions affecting the external ear canal, including:
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- Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the ear canal most often caused by Aspergillus or Candida. Symptoms are similar to bacterial otitis but with more pruritus. Treatment involves thorough cleaning and topical antifungals.
- Necrotizing external otitis is a potentially lethal Pseudomonas infection seen in diabetics and immunocompromised patients.
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Diana Harbuz provides a summary of common ENT issues including:
1. Mastoiditis, otitis externa, perichondritis, and haematoma in the ears section.
2. Epistaxis and sinusitis/meningitis/CSF rhinorrhoea in the nose section.
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The document provides an overview of common otologic, nasal, facial, oral and pharyngeal infections and emergencies that may present to the emergency department. It discusses the anatomy and various disorders that can affect the ear, nose, face, mouth and throat. It describes the evaluation, treatment and management of conditions such as epistaxis, sinusitis, cellulitis, peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess and more.
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This document discusses various congenital and acquired conditions of the external ear and ear canal. It describes abnormalities such as Darwin's tubercle, Wildermuth's ear, and Mozart's ear. It also discusses acquired conditions including pre-auricular sinus, collaural fistula, cicatrical stenosis, otitis externa, fungal otitis externa, malignant otitis externa, chondritis, perichondritis, myringitis, granular myringitis, and benign necrotizing otitis externa. It provides details on symptoms, signs, predisposing factors, treatment approaches for each condition.
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This document discusses diseases of the external ear, including the pinna and ear canal. It covers various congenital and acquired conditions such as preauricular sinus, microtia, perichondritis, hematoma auris, tumors, otitis externa, impacted earwax, foreign bodies, and exostoses. Treatment options are provided for each condition, including antibiotics, drainage, surgical excision or reconstruction, and hearing aids for certain problems. Malignant otitis externa and ear canal tumors are highlighted as potentially serious conditions requiring prolonged antibiotics, surgery, radiation therapy or a combination of treatments.
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A 22 year old male presented with left earache and discharge for 2 weeks. On examination, his left tympanic membrane was bulging and erythematous. He was diagnosed with acute otitis media. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics as well as analgesics to manage pain. Surgical drainage may be required if symptoms persist despite medical management. The nurse's role includes assessing pain, monitoring for complications, providing patient education, and ensuring a safe recovery.
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Dr. Ornouma Sriwanishvipat is an ENT specialist with over 15 years of experience treating ear disorders like tinnitus and ear infections. She offers both medical and surgical treatments. The ear is divided into the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves, the middle ear amplifies sounds through tiny bones, and the inner ear converts sounds into nerve signals sent to the brain. Common ear diseases include otitis externa (swimmer's ear), which involves infection of the outer ear canal, and otitis media, a middle ear infection that can cause hearing loss if not treated with antibiotics or surgery like myringoplasty to repair the eardrum.
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Otitis media, or middle ear infection, is a common childhood illness that occurs when the middle ear becomes inflamed and infected. It can cause symptoms like ear pain, fever, hearing loss, and discharge from the ear. The document discusses the anatomy of the ear, signs and stages of otitis media, risk factors, potential complications, diagnosis, and treatment options which include antibiotics, surgery like myringotomy or tympanoplasty, and nursing care such as cleaning the infected ear and providing pain relief. Otitis media is usually treated with antibiotics but surgery may be needed in some cases to repair damage to the eardrum.
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ENT emergencies involving the ear include sudden sensorineural hearing loss, middle ear conditions like acute otitis media, trauma to the tympanic membrane, and infections like acute mastoiditis. Emergencies involving the outer ear include perichondritis and auricular hematoma of the pinna, and foreign bodies, malignant otitis externa in the external auditory canal. Auricular hematoma is a blood collection between the cartilage and perichondrium that can lead to infection or cauliflower ear if not aspirated or incised and drained with antibiotics. Necrotizing otitis externa is a severe infection caused by Pseudomonas that requires high dose IV antibiotics to
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The document discusses common childhood ear disorders including external ear problems like swimmer's ear (otitis externa) and foreign bodies in the ear. It also covers middle ear infections (otitis media), which is inflammation of the middle ear that often results from malfunction of the Eustachian tube. Symptoms can include ear pain, fever, and hearing loss. Treatment may involve antibiotics, pain medication, or placement of small tubes in severe cases to drain fluid from the middle ear.
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This document discusses Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection, including risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
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This document describes the case of a 96-year-old female patient (L.S.W.) who was given multiple courses of antibiotics, putting her at risk of Clostridium difficile infection. She was later diagnosed with C. difficile diarrhea after developing persistent diarrhea in the hospital. The document then provides details on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of C. difficile infection.
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This document summarizes the medical history and workup of a 91-year-old Chinese female patient. She has a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tuberculosis of the kidneys, gastrointestinal bleeding, and fractures. She presented with fever, cough, and renal dysfunction. Testing showed anemia, elevated creatinine and beta-2 microglobulin. Bone marrow and urine tests were performed to evaluate for multiple myeloma versus post-tuberculosis renal disease. The results were more consistent with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance rather than multiple myeloma.
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Learning objectives:
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2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
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4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
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the ears
- 1. Proper Ear cleaning and Ear Diseases/Problems Jacqueline D. Laurito
- 10. Foreign body in EAC
- 14. Miscellaneous condition of the external ear
- 18. Thank you