The document discusses the normal tympanic membrane and various conditions that can affect it. It provides over 50 images of normal tympanic membranes, as well as membranes affected by conditions like perforation, trauma, infection, effusion, and more. The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, can be photographed via the external auditory canal or by drilling a hole perpendicular to gain different optical perspectives.
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Tubotympanic Type (CSOM TT)Dr Krishna Koirala
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Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Tubotympanic Type (CSOM TT)Dr Krishna Koirala
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Faculty of Medicine University Indonesia
Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Tympanic membrane dr. fadil
1. Tympanic Membrane
THE NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
THE NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
THE NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: THE CONE OF LIGHT
NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE
NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: OPTICAL ILLUSION Photographed via the external auditory canal
2. NORMAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: OPTICAL ILLUSION Photographed via a hole drilled perpendicularly to the plane of the tympanic membrane.
PERFORATED TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: OPTICAL ILLUSION Photographed via the external auditory canal
PERFORATED TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: OPTICAL ILLUSION Photographed via a hole drilled perpendicularly to the plane of the
tympanic membrane.
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: SURFACE MIGRATION
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE: KERATIN PATCHES
STAINED KERATIN PATCHES: Osmiun Tetroxide
3. CONGENITAL EPIDERMAL INCLUSION CYST OF THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
TM RIGHT
Normal TM aa
Normal TM aa2
Picture of a central left tympanic membrane perforation.
Picture of left tympanic membrane perforation
4. Picture of right inferior tympanic membrane perforation
Tympanic Membrane
Normal Tympanic Membrane
Tympanic membrane perforation produces a copious mucus discharge. Note the stapes suprastructure.
Otitis externa produces a scanty discharge
Bulging tympanic membrane in a case of acute otitis media.
Real ear probe tube mired in cerumen
Web of desquamation occluding EAC
5. Atelectatic right tympanic membrane encasing ossicles
Congenital malformation: right hypertrophic fused malleus / incus.
Thirty year old unsuccessful stapedectomy wire prosthesis extruding through the left TM.
Exostoses limiting CIC fitting potential
Fenestration cavity with cerumen presents significant problems for impression- taking
Benign neoplasm (keratoma) at the concha meatal junction to be marked on the ear impression
6. Normal Tympanic Membrane (AD), Adult (membrana tympani)
Tympanic membrane or as it more commonly called the ear drum
Norma l Tympanic Membrane (left) and
Acute Otitis Media (right)
Small mammal endoscopy
Acute otitis media
Otoscopic appearance of chronically perforated tympanic membrane
7. Normal tympanic membrane
Congenital Cholesteatoma
Normal appearance of the tympanic membrane
Acute otitis media with effusion
Acute otitis media
Purulent middle ear effusion and tympanic membrane
8. Tympanic membrane (TM) as continuation of the upper wall of external auditory canal (EAC) with angle of incline up to 45 degrees on the border between middle ear and the EAC
Tympanic Membrane perforation following blast injury
Large central tympanic membrane defect, right side
Otoscopic view of osteoma
Otoscopic view of perforation of the tympanic membrane
Otoscopic view of glomus tumor
9. Ulcerated Tympanic Membrane and Deep Canal Skin
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE CRUST
Normal Tympanic Membrane
Atelectatic tympanic membrane with fluid level
Tympanic membrane defect with calcification
Posterior left tympanic membrane perforation
10. Surgical Picture of Tympanoplasty
This normal left tympanic membrane is pearly gray and translucent, with a sharp light reflex and bony landmarks.
Calculation of tympanic membrane areas (blue) and perforation (green)
Atelectatic tympanic membrane with fluid level
Atelectatic tympanic membrane with disrupted incudo-stapedial joint
Crust on tympanic membrane
11. Eardrum perforation induced by blast
Crust on tympanic membrane
Partial cast of tympanic membrane
Total cast of tympanic membrane
Total cast of tympanic membrane
Normal tympanic membrane
12. Acute otitis media
Otitis media with effusion
Otitis Media with Effusion
Tympanostomy tube in eardrum
Normal eardrum
Acute middle-ear infection, aka, acute otitis media
13. Middle-ear effusion (fluid), aka otitis media with effusion
Otitis Media
Tympanic membrane with retraction pocket
Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PERFORATION: OPTICAL ILLUSION Photographed via the external auditory canal
HEALED MODERATE TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: Slap Healed
14. TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PERFORATION: OPTICAL ILLUSION Photographed via a hole drilled perpendicularly to the plane of the tympanic membrane.
SMALL TRAUMATIC PERFORATION (left ear)
MODERATE TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: Slap
SMALL TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: HEALED
TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: DIRECT TRAUMA
TRAUMATIC TYMPANIC PERFORATION: HEALING SERIES: DAY 4
15. TRAUMATIC TYMPANIC PERFORATION: HEALING SERIES: DAY 14
TRAUMATIC TYMPANIC PERFORATION: HEALING SERIES: DAY 21
TRAUMATIC TYMPANIC PERFORATION: HEALING SERIES: DAY 24
TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: DIRECT TRAUMA
HEALED TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: MIGRATING SCAB
TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: HOT GREASE (1 month)
16. TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: DIRECT TRAUMA
TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: EVERTED EDGE
INFECTED TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: WATERSKIING ACCIDENT
HEALED TRAUMATIC PERFORATION: NEW BLOOD VESSELS
A Bulging Tympanic Membrane With Impaired Mobility is Diagnostic of Acute Otitis Media
Middle Ear Effusion is Demonstrated Here by The Presence of Bubbles. An Effusion Must Be Present to Diagnose Acute Otitis Media or Otitis Media With Effusion
17. A Tympanic Membrane That Is Restricted as The One Shown Here, May Be Painful; However, It Is Unlikely to Be Caused By a Bacterial Infection
The Normal Eardrum is In a Neutral Position and Is Transcluent
Resolving Serous Otitis Media with air-fluid levels
Serous Otitis Media
Serous Otitis Media-prior to autoinflation
Serous Otitis Media - air-fluid level
18. Serous Otitis Media-post autoinflation
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Causing Serous Otitis Media
SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA: BEFORE MYRINGOTOMY
SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA: AFTER MYRINGOTOMY
SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA: ENLARGED ADENOIDS
SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA: BUBBLES
19. SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA: EXTRUDED REUTTER BOBBIN TUBE WITH COLLAR OF DRIED SEROUS TRANSUDATE
Serous OM Old 2
Serous B Before Autoinflation
Severe Acute Diffuse Otitis Externa
Acute Localized Otitis Externa [Furuncle]