The document discusses the Demographic Transition Model (DTM), outlining its four stages of population change through industrialization: pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, and post-industrial periods. Each stage is characterized by distinct birth and death rates, population growth rates, and age structure, illustrated through population pyramids. Additionally, it suggests the potential for a fifth stage and highlights the impact of factors like human development index on fertility rates.

1. Keene State CollegeHuman Cultural MosaicISGEOG203 Fall ‘09Professor: Dr. RydantCreated by: April Buzby Supplemental InstructorThe Demographic Transition

2. IntroductionDemographic Transition Model(DTM) Represents a nation’s transition through industrialization

3. Commonly involves 4 stages

4. An idealized picture of population change in a country. April Buzby Keene State College Fall 20092

5. IntroductionApril Buzby Keene State College Fall 2009Population PyramidShows the distribution population by age and sex

6. A specific age group (i.e. ages 0-4) is called a cohort.

7. Different stages in the demographic transition show considerably different population pyramids3

8. Stage 1: Pre-Industrial PeriodApril Buzby Keene State College Fall 2009Crude Birth Rate: High

9. Crude Death Rate: High

10. Rate of Natural Increase: Fluctuating

11. Examples: Britain in the 17th and 18th century; some remote Amazon tribes4

12. Stage 1: Birth RateApril Buzby Keene State College Fall 2009Birth Rate is high due to:Lack of family planning

13. High Infant Mortality Rate

14. Need for workers in agriculture

15. Religious beliefs

16. Children as economic assets5

17. Stage 1: Death RateApril Buzby Keene State College Fall 2009Death Rate is high due to:Disease

18. Famine

19. Lack of clean water and sanitation

20. Lack of health care

21. War

22. Limited food supply

23. Lack of education6

24. Stage 1: Population ChangePopulation ChangeDue to high birth and death rates, population is stable.

25. Population Growth Rate: ≤ 1%

26. Doubling Time: ~100 yearsApril Buzby Keene State College Fall 20097

27. Stage 1: Age StructureApril Buzby Keene State College Fall 2009Population Pyramid Shape: Concave triangularAge Structure of Population:Rapid fall in each age group due to high death rates

28. Short life expectancy8

29. Stage 2: Transitional PeriodCrude Birth Rate: HighCrude Death Rate: DecreasingRate of Natural Increase: IncreasingExamples: Britain late 18th Century to mid-19th Century, Kenya April Buzby Keene State College Fall 20099