The de novo synthesis of fatty acid
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The document summarizes the de novo synthesis of the fatty acid palmitic acid. It occurs in the cytosol using acetyl-CoA as a precursor. There are multiple steps: (1) acetyl-CoA and NADPH are produced, (2) acetyl-CoA is transported from mitochondria to cytosol by conversion to citrate, (3) citrate is degraded back to acetyl-CoA in the cytosol, (4) acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, (5) the fatty acid synthase complex catalyzes repeated reactions using malonyl-CoA to eventually form the 16-carbon
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Lipid metabolism
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Catabolism and anabolism of fatty acids occur via different pathways. Catabolism occurs in mitochondria and produces acetyl-CoA and NADH, while anabolism occurs in the cytosol or chloroplast and requires malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, and NADPH. Fatty acid synthesis involves condensing a malonyl group with an acetyl or fatty acyl group in four enzyme-catalyzed steps: condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction. This process is repeated to elongate the fatty acid chain by two carbons at a time.
Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids
In detail description about beta oxidation of fatty acid with regulation and clinical importance.
easy to study and write in exams for students.
Fatty acid synthesis:- Everything you need to know
Fatty acid synthesis occurs through a repeated cycle of condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions. Acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, providing the two-carbon building blocks. The fatty acid synthase complex catalyzes the cycle of reactions, with the growing fatty acid chain attached to an acyl carrier protein. Typically 16 cycles produce palmitate, which is then released from the complex. Key cofactors include NADPH, ATP, biotin, and bicarbonate. Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm of tissues like liver, adipose, and lactating mammary
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Krebs cycle/ TCA Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle/ Tri Carboxylic Acid Cycle/ CAC
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The de novo synthesis of fatty acid
- 1. THE DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF FATTYACID ( PALMITIC ACID ) By :Ishika Choudhary ARKA JAIN UNIVERSITY Jamshedpur
- 2. Introduction : •The de novo synthesis of fatty acid takes place in cytosol with the precursor molecule acetyl coA and ends by forming palmitic acid . •Synthesis of palmitic acid involves the following steps :
- 3. • STEP 1: • Production of acetyl coA and NADPH : • The acetyl coA is obtained from oxidation of fatty acid , pyruvate degradation of amino acid and ketone bodies . • STEP 2 : • Transport of acetyl coA from mitochondria to cytosol : • Acetyl coA formed in mitochondria is impermeable to mitochondrial membrane , hence , the enzyme citrate synthase converted it into citrate .
- 4. • STEP 3 : • Degradation of citrate in cytosol : • STEP 4 : • Conversion of acetyl coA to malonyl coA : • Acetyl coA is carboxylated to malonyl coA with the help of enzyme , acetyl coA carboxylase .
- 5. Pathway of palmitic acid :
- 6. • STEP 5 : • Reactions with fatty acid synthase complex enzyme : • Fatty acid synthase in multiple enzyme complexes acts as dimer with two similar units . As malonyl coA is synthesised the remaining reactions occur with fatty acid synthase complex . • Flow chart showing biosynthesis of long chain fatty acid palmitate (cys-cysteine , ACP- acyl carrier protein) .
- 7. De novo synthesis in a cell :
- 9. Summary : • In palmitate , out of 16 only 2 carbons come from acetyl coA and 14 are from malonyl coA , produced by acetyl coA . • 8 acetyl coA + 7 ATP + 14 NADPH +14 H+ ---- palmitate + 8 coA + 7 ATP + 7 Pi + 6 H2O