This document discusses the history, types, and applications of barcodes, focusing on various forms such as UPC and QR codes. It details the evaluation process for barcodes, including criteria for their effectiveness, and the invention of barcode scanners. The conclusion emphasizes the efficiency and time-saving benefits that barcodes have brought to businesses and retail shopping.

1. The Barcode
Presented by:
Youssef Ismail
Aslam Eltashanni
Ceren Turan
Sara Hussein
Fohn Asobah
Presentation date: Monday 14th December 2015
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2. Outline
 Punch cards & bull’s eye barcode
 UPC barcode
 Barcode scanners
 QR codes
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3. Introduction
 Problems solved by the barcode
 Development of the invention
 First standardised system
 Scanning the barcodes
 Where the barcode is today
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4. Evaluation Process
 Deciding on
criteria/influencing factors
 Why we chose the criteria
 Scoring systems
 Weighted scores and raw
scores
 Decision Matrix
Solutions a b c d e f g h i j Ideal
Potential interest to the
audience (3)
3 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 4
Operating costs (5) 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 4
Ease of use by individuals (4) 2 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
Relevance today (2) 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Reliability (3) 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 4
Time efficiency (3) 3 1 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 4
Safety (2) 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 4
Raw total score 21 16 18 22 26 19 22 21 19 19 28
Weighted total score 63 54 57 74 82 62 72 67 58 58 88
 a= 3-D Printers
 b= Electric cars
 c= Lie detectors
 d= Treadmills
 e= Barcode
 f= WWW
 g= Microwaves
 h= ATM
 i= Trains
 j= Air Conditioners
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5. Punch Cards
 Paper cards with several holes
 First used in 1795 to control textile looms
 Applied to supermarkets in 1932
 Disadvantages: heavy and expensive reading
equipment
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6. Bull’s Eye Barcode
 Circular shape and structure
 Invented in 1948 by Bernard Silver and Joseph
Woodland.
 Received a patent in 1952
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7. UPC Barcode
 The Universal Product Code or the 1-D Barcode is
the format for product barcodes in the U.S. and
Canada. They are used in retail stores.
 Types of UPC barcodes:
 UPC-A
 UPC-E
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8. UPC Barcode
 UPC-A
 Suitable for the retail point-of-sale (POS)
 Omnidirectional
 Capacity: GTIN (Global Trade Item Number) - 12
numbers consist of 11 data digits and one Modulo 10
checksum.
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9. UPC Barcode
 The number system digit’s values have different
meanings.
 Regular UPC codes have values 0,1,6,7 and 8
 2 represents random weight products
 3 represents Items of National Drugs
 4 represents non-food products
 5 and 9 used on coupons
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10. UPC Barcode
 UPC-E
 An abbreviated form of UPC-A codes
 Used on small packages
 Omnidirectional
 Capacity: GTIN-12 Numeric, zeroes suppressed
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11. Barcode Scanners
Who invented
the first
scanner?
Where it was
installed
What was the
first item to
be scanned?
The first scanner was invented by George Laurer.
At Marsh’s supermarket.
A packet of Wrigley's Gum
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12. Barcode Scanners
Five different types of scanners were developed
over the years:
 Pen/wand scanners
 Slot scanners
 Charge Coupe Device (CCD) scanners
 Camera based scanners
 Laser scanners
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13. The Wand Scanner
 How does it work?
 Must be in contact
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14. The Slot Scanner
 Operates in different manner when compared to
wand scanner
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15. The CCD Scanner
 How does it work?
 Contactless – distance of item cannot exceed 1 inch
 Disadvantage of CCD scanner
If barcode is bigger
than scanner’s
screen, it won’t read
it
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16. The Camera-Based Scanner
 How is it different?
 It can read barcodes that are up to 9 inches apart
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17. The Laser Scanner
 Uses same technique as the wand
scanner; what is the difference?
 Contactless
 It can read barcodes that are up
to 24 inches apart
 Minimum error percentage
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18. Future of the Barcode
 Quick Response (QR) Codes
 A two dimensional barcode read using
smartphones or QR reading devices
 Invented by Denso-Wave in 1994
 Scanning is done using phone’s camera
 Ideal placement location
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19. Types of QR Codes
QR Code Model 1
and Model 2
Micro QR Code IQR Code SQRC Frame QR
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20. Applications of QR Codes
 Can be printed on newspapers, books, letters,
dresses, business cards and tattoos
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21. Conclusion
 Allowed businesses to save time and money
 Has made shopping a lot quicker and reduced
queueing times
 Standardisation to the UPC barcode
 QR Codes: How barcodes are moving with new
technologies
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22. Thank you for listening
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23. Questions?
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24. References
 http://www.physics. Rutgers.edu/~pchandra/physiss397/Handout10. pdf.
 http://www.barcodingfonts.com/pdf/UPC.pdf
 http://www.computalabel.com/aboutupc.htm
 http://www.barcodeisland.com/upce.phtml
 http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/a/Bar-Codes.htm
 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/barcode-reader-POS-scanner-bar-code-reader-
price-scanner
 http://www.taltech.com/barcodesoftware/articles/how_barcode_reader_works
 Content Marketing Institute, seven Creative and Effective QR Code Examples From Around the
World, http://contentmarketinginstitute.com/2012/06/effective-qr-code-examples-from-
around-the-world/ (accessed 29th November, 2015)
 Scanova Blog, How to Scan QR codes, http://scanova.io/blog/blog/2015/05/14/how-to-scan-
qr-codes/. (accessed 29th November, 2015)
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