A slide that contains complete information about barcodes. Topics Covered:- Introduction Barcode Types and Uses Bar-coding terminology Barcode scanners Advantages Conclusion

1. Genuine Coder

2. Introduction
Why use barcodes?
Barcode types and uses
Bar-coding terminology
Barcode scanners
Advantages
Conclusion
CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION
As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were used in industrial
work environments. Some of the early implementations of
barcodes included the ability identify rail road cars.
In the early 1970s, common barcodes started appearing on
grocery shelves. To automate the process of identifying grocery
items, UPC barcodes were placed on products.
Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are used for
identification in almost all types of business.

4. What is Barcode?
A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of
data, which shows data about the object to which it attaches.
Bar code is a predefined format of dark bars and white spaces
It allows real-time data to be collected accurately and rapidly

5. Why use barcodes?
When barcodes are used in the business process, procedures
are automated to increase productivity and reduce human error.
Whenever there is a need to accurately identify or track
something, bar-coding should be used
Instead of manually typing a customer identification number
into a database, if the information is contained in a barcode, a
data entry operator may scan it in. This would increase
automation and reduce human error.

6. Linear barcodes 2D barcodes
Code 128 Data Matrix
UPC PDF417
Interleaved 2 of 5 Maxicode
Barcode types and use
There are 2 types of barcodes
1. Linear barcodes and
2. 2D barcodes

7. The type of barcode to use for a particular situation
depends upon
The use
The data encoded in barcode
How the barcode will be printed
There are several different types of barcode standards for
different purposes - these are called symbologies
Choosing the best type to use

8. Symbology
The mapping between messages and barcodes is called a
symbology.
Different type of symbologies:
Codabar: Older code often used in library systems, sometimes in
blood banks
Code 11: Used primarily for labeling telecommunications
equipment
UPC-A: Universal product code seen on almost all retail products in
the USA and Canada
Code 128: Very capable code, excellent density, high reliability; in
very wide use world-wide

9.  BAR-The darker, non reflective element of a Barcode
 BI-DIRECTIONAL SYMBOL - A Bar Code symbol format which
permits reading in either direction across the bars and spaces
 CHECK DIGIT - A calculated character included within the Bar
Code for error detection
Bar-coding Terminology

10. INTER-CHARACTER GAP - The space between the bars or
space
SPACE - The lighter, reflective element of a Bar Code.
START CHARACTER - A special pattern of bars and
spaces used to identify the beginning of a Bar Code
symbol.
STOP CHARACTER - A special pattern of bars and spaces
used to identify the end of a Bar Code symbol

11. Barcode Scanners
These are the devices used to extract information from
barcode optically
Basically there are two types of scanners
1. Contact readers and
2. Non-contact readers

12. Contact readers
 Must touch or come in close proximity of symbol
 Good where the label cannot be placed in an easy-
to-view position
 Normally hand-held/stationary units
 Common type is pen/wand reader

14. Fixed beam slot scanner

15. Non-contact readers
Reader need not come in contact with symbol
Scan distance may be from 6” to several feet depending
upon symbol size and scanner design
Hand-held, fixed beam readers

16. Table mounted fixed beam reader

17. Hand-Held moving beam readers

18. CCD Scanner

19. Working of barcode scanner
Basically, there are 3 functional parts to the barcode scanner
itself
 illumination system,
 the sensor / converter, and
 the decoder.

20. Barcode scanners begin by illuminating the code with red light. The
sensor of the barcode scanner detects the reflected light from the
illumination system and generates an analog signal with varying
voltage that represent the intensity (or lack of intensity) of the
reflection. The converter changes the analog signal to a digital
signal which is fed to the decoder. The decoder interprets the
digital signal, does that math required to confirm and validate that
the barcode is decipherable, converts it into ASCII text, formats the
text and sends it to the computer the scanner is attached to.

21. Types of Illumination systems
Single point LED
Linear multiple LED
LASER
LED Imager

22. Sensor and Converter
A photo detector senses the reflected light and
generates an analog signal with varying voltage. The
voltage fluctuates based on whether the sensor sees
the reflected light from the white spaces because
the black bars absorb the red light.

23. Decoder –
The decoder in a barcode scanner performs a variety of
functions. First, it analyses the digital signal from the sensor,
and tests to see if it can be interpreted as a valid barcode. In
this test, it looks for uniformity of the white space (high signal)
on each side of the digital signal, and uniformity between the
peaks and valleys of the digital signal itself. Then, it tests the
digital signal for conformance with any and all of the barcode
symbologies it's designed and set up to read.

24. Advantages
Fast-selling items can be identified quickly and automatically
reordered.
Slow-selling items can be identified, preventing inventory build-
up.
The effects of merchandising changes can be monitored,
allowing fast-moving, more profitable items to occupy the best
space
Historical data can be used to predict seasonal fluctuations very
accurately.
Items may be repriced on the shelf to reflect both sale prices
and price increases.

25. Conclusion
Barcode technology is a very useful technology
It is very cheap
Highly useful for identifying objects

26. Thank you
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