usa vs soviet union

1. The Arms Race

2. A-Bomb
The Atomic bomb was invented during the Manhattan Project
by a research team including J. Robert Oppenheimer. To
produce the atom bomb ample amounts of “enriched”
uranium was used to sustain a chemical reaction. The atom
bomb was tested in New Mexico. When it was detonated,
there was a light explosion which shot up into the air in the
form of a mushroom cloud. Radioactive vapour was produced
by the cloud, and what was left beneath the cloud were
fragments of jade green radioactive glass created by the
enormous heat of the reaction.

3. Examples of Atom Bombs.

4. H-Bomb
The Hydrogen Bomb was tested on the 12 August 1953 by
Nathan Riojas. It has more power the an Atomic bomb, and
produces an enormous amount of energy through a nuclear
fusion reaction. Hydrogen Bombs depend on reactions of
hydrogen, hence why they are called H-Bombs.

5. Nuclear Weapons Testing
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to
determine the effectiveness, and power of a nuclear weapon.
The first nuclear weapons test was conducted in Alamogordo,
New Mexico, on July 16, 1945, during the Manhattan Project.
The United States conducted six nuclear tests before the
Soviet Union developed their first atomic bomb, and tested it
on August 29, 1949. Neither country had very many nuclear
weapons to at the start of The Cold War, and so testing was
relatively infrequent.

6. Brinkmanship
Brinkmanship is a policy of pushing a dangerous situation to
the limits of safety in order to get the greatest advantage. The
term was introduced during The Cold War by the United
States Secretary of State John Foster Dulles who made the
policy against the Soviet Union.

7. Mutually Assured Destruction
MAD is the idea that one's population could be protected by
leaving it vulnerable so long as the other side faced the same
vulnerabilities.

8. IRBMs and ICBMs
An intermediate-range ballistic missile is a missile with a range
of 3,000-5,500 km. An Intercontinental ballistic missile is a
long range missile In 1953, the USSR started a program to
develop an ICBM.
An ICBM An IRBM

9. SLBMs
Submarine-launched ballistic missiles are missiles that are
launched from submarines, delivering nuclear weapons.
Modern SLBMs allows a single launched missile to strike
several targets.

10. The B-52 Stratofortress
The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is a long-range, subsonic, jet-
powered, strategic bomber operated by the United States Air
Force since 1955. It was built to carry nuclear weapons for
Cold War.

11. The Space Race

12. Sputnik I
Sputnik was the first artificial satellite in space. It was
launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957 and was the
first in a series of satellites known together as the Sputnik
program.

13. Laika
Lakia was a Soviet space dog who became the first living
mammal to orbit the Earth. Laika died a few hours after
launch, presumably from stress and overheating. The United
States used chimpanzees and the Soviet program used dogs.

14. Ham the Chimp
Ham was one of the chimps specially trained by rocket
scientists to fly in tests of American space capsules. On
January 31, 1961, Ham blasted off from Cape Canaveral and
travelled 157 miles in a Mercury capsule before splashing
down in the Atlantic ocean. Three months later the first
American human, (Alan Shepard), followed him into space.

15. Astronaut/Cosmonaut
An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human
space flight program to command, (NASA), pilot, or serve as a
crew member of a spacecraft.

16. Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin was a hero of the Soviet Union and was a
cosmonaut. On 12 April 1961, he became the first human in
space and the first to orbit the Earth.

17. The Mercury Program
Project Mercury was the first human space flight program of
the United States. It ran from 1959 through 1963 with the
goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth.

18. John Glenn
John Glenn is a former astronaut who became the third
person and first American to orbit the Earth, and later became
The United States Senator. He was honoured with a
Congressional Space Medal of Honour in 1978 and was
inducted into the Astronauts Hall of Fame in 1990.

19. JFK and the Space Race
On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced that
by the end of the decade, America would send a man to the
moon.

20. The Apollo Program
The Apollo program was a human space flight program
undertaken by NASA during the years 1961–1975 with the
goal of making manned moon landing missions. US President
John F. Kennedy announced this goal in 1961.

21. First Moon Landing: Apollo I I
The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land
on the Moon. JFK’s goal was achieved on the July 20, 1969 by
the landing of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin,
with Michael Collins during the Apollo 11 mission.

22. Bibliography
• A-Bomb = inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/atomic_bomb.htm
• H-Bomb = en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon
• Nuclear Weapons Testing = en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_testing
• Brinkmanship = www.answers.com/topic/brinkmanship
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinkmanship
• M.A.D = www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/cold-
war/strategy/strategy-mutual-assured-destruction.htm
• Ham the chimp = http://www.who2.com/hamthechimp.html
• IRBMs and ICBMs = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM
• Sputnik I = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1
• SLBMs = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile
• The B-52 Stratofortress = http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/bomber/b-52.htm
• John Glenn = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glenn
• The Apollo Program = http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/imagery/Apollo/apollo.htm
• First Moon Landing: Apollo I I = www.panoramas.dk/FULLSCREEN3/F29.HTML
• The Mercury Program = www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury.htm