This document outlines specifications for mineral and slag abrasives used for blast cleaning surfaces prior to painting or other coating applications. It defines two types (natural mineral or slag), three classes based on crystalline silica content, and five grades based on the surface profile produced. The specifications include physical and chemical property requirements for abrasives, as well as procedures for qualification testing, conformance testing, sampling, and documentation. Requirements address abrasive composition, hardness, moisture content, water soluble contaminants, and surface profile produced under standardized testing conditions.
This document outlines requirements for recycled ferrous metallic blast cleaning abrasives used to remove coatings from steel surfaces. It specifies limits for non-abrasive residue, lead content, water-soluble contaminants, and oil content in recycled abrasive work mixes. Testing procedures are provided to analyze samples taken from work mixes for these contaminants. Quality control requirements include regular testing to ensure work mixes meet specification limits.
This document outlines specifications for nine classes of carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs, and bars intended for forgings. It specifies requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, freedom from defects, sampling procedures, and testing methods. The standard aims to ensure the materials meet the needs of users for various forgings applications.
The Indian Standard for Compressed Asbestos Fiber Jointing Sheet
The 1998 version is extremely obsolete and very few are actually aware that METALLIC reinforcement cannot be certified as IS 2712 Standard.
This document describes test methods for measuring the adhesion of rubber to rigid substrates like metal. It outlines 8 different methods (A through H) for preparing rubber/metal specimens and measuring the force required to separate the materials. Method A involves vulcanizing a rubber cylinder between two parallel metal plates and pulling them apart. Method B uses a 90 degree angle to strip a rubber strip from a single metal plate. The document provides detailed instructions on specimen preparation, apparatus, procedures, failure terminology, calculations, and reporting requirements for evaluating rubber-metal adhesion using these methods.
This document provides the specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, chemical composition, physical properties, packaging, and certification. The chemical composition must meet the requirements in Table 1. The physical properties include a minimum fineness, limits on soundness, setting times, and compressive strengths at various ages. There are also notes on additional tests, limits on chlorides, and the option to agree on additional requirements between the purchaser and supplier.
This document provides the specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, chemical composition, physical properties, testing methods, and other details of the cement. The key points are:
- It specifies the chemical composition and limits for things like lime, silica, alumina, iron oxide, magnesia, sulphur content, and loss on ignition.
- The physical requirements include a minimum fineness of 225 m2/kg, soundness limits of 10mm and 0.8% via Le-Chatelier and autoclave tests, and setting time and compressive strength requirements.
- It describes the appropriate testing standards for determining these chemical and physical properties.
This document outlines standard practices for preparing, cleaning, and evaluating corrosion test specimens. It discusses procedures for preparing specimens prior to testing, including marking, surface finishing, and measuring. After testing, it recommends methods for removing corrosion products without significant base metal removal, including mechanical, chemical, and electrolytic cleaning. It provides tables of chemical and electrolytic cleaning procedures. Finally, it describes how to assess corrosion damage by calculating corrosion rates using measurements of specimen mass loss, surface area, exposure time, and material density.
This document discusses quality assurance and quality control procedures for road construction projects. It defines key terms like quality and explains that quality assurance aims to build quality into processes through documentation and reviews, while quality control detects deviations from specifications. It then provides details on material selection criteria, testing procedures for borrow areas, gravel, asphalt and other materials. Frequency of inspections and acceptance criteria are specified for various tests to ensure construction meets specifications. In summary, the document outlines quality management systems and testing plans to systematically control quality during road construction.
This document outlines requirements for recycled ferrous metallic blast cleaning abrasives used to remove coatings from steel surfaces. It specifies limits for non-abrasive residue, lead content, water-soluble contaminants, and oil content in recycled abrasive work mixes. Testing procedures are provided to analyze samples taken from work mixes for these contaminants. Quality control requirements include regular testing to ensure work mixes meet specification limits.
This document outlines specifications for nine classes of carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs, and bars intended for forgings. It specifies requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, freedom from defects, sampling procedures, and testing methods. The standard aims to ensure the materials meet the needs of users for various forgings applications.
The Indian Standard for Compressed Asbestos Fiber Jointing Sheet
The 1998 version is extremely obsolete and very few are actually aware that METALLIC reinforcement cannot be certified as IS 2712 Standard.
This document describes test methods for measuring the adhesion of rubber to rigid substrates like metal. It outlines 8 different methods (A through H) for preparing rubber/metal specimens and measuring the force required to separate the materials. Method A involves vulcanizing a rubber cylinder between two parallel metal plates and pulling them apart. Method B uses a 90 degree angle to strip a rubber strip from a single metal plate. The document provides detailed instructions on specimen preparation, apparatus, procedures, failure terminology, calculations, and reporting requirements for evaluating rubber-metal adhesion using these methods.
This document provides the specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, chemical composition, physical properties, packaging, and certification. The chemical composition must meet the requirements in Table 1. The physical properties include a minimum fineness, limits on soundness, setting times, and compressive strengths at various ages. There are also notes on additional tests, limits on chlorides, and the option to agree on additional requirements between the purchaser and supplier.
This document provides the specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, chemical composition, physical properties, testing methods, and other details of the cement. The key points are:
- It specifies the chemical composition and limits for things like lime, silica, alumina, iron oxide, magnesia, sulphur content, and loss on ignition.
- The physical requirements include a minimum fineness of 225 m2/kg, soundness limits of 10mm and 0.8% via Le-Chatelier and autoclave tests, and setting time and compressive strength requirements.
- It describes the appropriate testing standards for determining these chemical and physical properties.
This document outlines standard practices for preparing, cleaning, and evaluating corrosion test specimens. It discusses procedures for preparing specimens prior to testing, including marking, surface finishing, and measuring. After testing, it recommends methods for removing corrosion products without significant base metal removal, including mechanical, chemical, and electrolytic cleaning. It provides tables of chemical and electrolytic cleaning procedures. Finally, it describes how to assess corrosion damage by calculating corrosion rates using measurements of specimen mass loss, surface area, exposure time, and material density.
This document discusses quality assurance and quality control procedures for road construction projects. It defines key terms like quality and explains that quality assurance aims to build quality into processes through documentation and reviews, while quality control detects deviations from specifications. It then provides details on material selection criteria, testing procedures for borrow areas, gravel, asphalt and other materials. Frequency of inspections and acceptance criteria are specified for various tests to ensure construction meets specifications. In summary, the document outlines quality management systems and testing plans to systematically control quality during road construction.
This document outlines performance specifications for woven fabrics used in manufacturing men's, women's, and children's handkerchiefs. It specifies requirements in areas such as breaking strength, tear strength, dimensional stability after laundering, and colorfastness to laundering, light exposure, and other factors. Requirements are provided in Table 1 and test methods for measuring each property are referenced. The purpose is to establish common quality standards for handkerchief fabrics that can be agreed upon between fabric suppliers and purchasers.
1. The document contains 40 multiple choice questions related to piping inspection codes and standards such as API 570.
2. The questions cover topics like allowable stresses, corrosion rates, NDE methods, weld quality, coating inspection, and piping material selection.
3. Correct answers are provided for some questions, referencing the relevant code sections.
This document provides the specification for silica fume, which is a very fine pozzolanic material composed primarily of amorphous silica. It outlines the chemical and physical requirements for silica fume, including a minimum SiO2 content of 85% and limits for moisture content, loss on ignition, and alkali content. The document also specifies sampling and testing methods to ensure material conformity, and provides guidance on storage, delivery, certification, marking, and health and safety considerations for silica fume.
This document provides a comparative study of the rust prevention performance of four different types of rust preventive oils (RPOs) based on the type of carrier used. The RPOs studied included mineral oil-based, solvent-based, a mixture of mineral oil and solvent, and mineral oil with vapor corrosion inhibitors. Accelerated lab tests like humidity chamber testing and salt spray testing were conducted to evaluate and comparatively rank the rust prevention duration of each RPO. The mineral oil-based RPO with vapor corrosion inhibitors provided the longest rust protection of over 350 hours, while the solvent-based RPO provided protection for only 80 hours based on the accelerated testing. Infrared spectroscopy analysis was also used to identify the carrier base and
This document outlines specifications for different grades of ferrochromium, including chemical composition requirements and size standards. It provides specifications for high-carbon, low-carbon, vacuum low-carbon, and nitrogen-bearing ferrochromium. The key details include allowable chromium and carbon content ranges that define each grade, as well as maximum limits for other elements. It also lists standard size offerings and tolerances for different ferrochromium types.
This document provides specifications for hot dip zinc galvanization of steel. It outlines the general requirements including applicable codes, quality of zinc, surface preparation, and galvanizing process. It also specifies coating requirements such as the minimum mass of zinc coating for different steel thicknesses and types, as well as requirements for uniformity and freedom from defects. Testing methods are described for visual inspection, adhesion, uniformity, and mass of zinc coating. Criteria for conforming lots and scales of sampling are also provided.
This document provides guidelines for examining and evaluating pitting corrosion. It describes various procedures for identifying, examining, and measuring pits, including:
- Visual inspection of the corroded surface under light magnification to determine pit size, shape, and density.
- Nondestructive techniques like radiography, eddy currents, ultrasonics, and dye penetrants to locate pits.
- Metallographic examination of cross-sections to determine pit shape and relation to microstructure.
- Methods for measuring pit depth, such as metallography, machining away the surface, using a micrometer probe or microscope to focus on the pit bottom.
- Evaluating the extent of pitting through mass
This document is the Indian Standard specification for unsaturated polyester resin systems. It specifies tolerances for properties of liquid and cured resins, requirements for fire retardant grades, and methods for testing properties. The key points are:
- It specifies minimum requirements and limits for properties of liquid resins like viscosity, acid value, gel time, and volatile content.
- It lists optional properties for liquid and cured resins that can be specified by the purchaser if desired.
- Fire retardant resins must meet requirements for flammability tests and oxygen index to be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 grade.
- It provides requirements for chemical resistance, shelf life, packaging and labeling if supplied
This document provides guidelines for cleaning, descaling, and passivating stainless steel parts, equipment, and systems. It discusses:
1) The scope, which includes recommendations for removing surface contaminants that could impair corrosion resistance or cause contamination.
2) Design considerations to facilitate effective cleaning by minimizing crevices and allowing for drainage, ventilation, and inspection.
3) Precleaning to remove gross contamination before high-temperature processes or final cleaning using methods like degreasing or alkaline cleaners.
4) Descaling to remove heavy oxide films from hot-forming, heat treatment, or welding using methods like mechanical removal or chemical dissolution in acid solutions.
The document outlines the requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel according to the Indian Standard 2062:2006. It specifies chemical composition limits and mechanical properties for each grade. It also describes testing requirements, including tensile testing, bend testing, and impact testing to ensure the steel meets specifications. Defect and freedom from defect standards are provided as well as permissible variations in chemical analysis and testing positions.
The document outlines Indian Standard 2062:2006 which specifies requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel. It describes the chemical composition, mechanical properties, permissible variations, testing procedures, and other quality requirements for the steel grades. Destructive and non-destructive tests are specified to ensure freedom from defects and compliance with mechanical properties.
This standard describes the process for dry preparation of soil samples for particle size analysis and determining soil properties. The process involves thoroughly drying the soil sample, breaking up any clumps, and sieving the sample to obtain specific particle size fractions for testing. Tests are performed on different fractions to determine properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and particle size distribution. The standard provides details on necessary equipment, procedures for separating samples into test portions, and mass requirements for each test.
ASTM E709 01 STANDARD GUIDE mag part exam.pdfOmar Bellido
1) This document provides guidelines for magnetic particle examination, a nondestructive testing method for detecting cracks and other discontinuities near the surface of ferromagnetic materials.
2) The magnetic particle method works by magnetizing the material, applying magnetic particles, and observing where particles accumulate at points of magnetic flux leakage caused by discontinuities.
3) The guidelines describe procedures for part preparation, different magnetization techniques, types of magnetic particles, interpretation of indications, and other aspects of the examination process.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for galvanized steel sheets, both plain and corrugated. It outlines the requirements, classifications, testing procedures and tolerances for galvanized steel sheets intended for general purposes like panelling and roofing. The standard specifies three classifications for galvanized plain and corrugated sheets based on the grade of raw material used. It also provides requirements for the zinc coating thickness, bend testing, coating mass determination and retests in case of failure. Dimensions and tolerances for plain sheets/coils are defined.
This document provides standards for evaluating the performance of coal cleaning equipment. It defines key performance criteria such as feed rate, reference density of separation, and accuracy of separation. Standard test procedures and analytical methods are outlined to determine performance parameters like partition density, separation sharpness, distribution of correctly and incorrectly placed material, ash error, and yield error. The document also provides recommendations for presenting coal cleaning test data in a uniform manner to allow for comparison of performance levels.
This document provides standards for reference radiographs used to evaluate steel castings up to 2 inches thick. It includes:
1. An overview of the scope and purpose of the reference radiographs, which illustrate various types and severity levels of discontinuities commonly found in steel castings.
2. Descriptions of the categories and types of discontinuities represented, including gas porosity, inclusions, shrinkage, cracks, tears, and mottling. The discontinuities are graded on a scale of 1 to 5 based on their quantity, size, and distribution.
3. Procedures for how to use the reference radiographs to evaluate production radiographs and determine whether castings meet specified radi
This document summarizes ASTM standard A516, which establishes requirements for carbon steel plates intended for use in welded pressure vessels. It specifies four grades of steel plates with different strength levels and thickness limits. The standard references other ASTM standards and specifies chemical composition ranges, heat treatment requirements, tensile properties, and optional supplementary testing requirements that can be specified by the purchaser.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings suitable for fusion welding and intended for high-temperature service. It specifies three grades of steel (WCA, WCB, WCC) based on mechanical properties and chemical composition. The castings must meet visual inspection standards and can be subjected to additional non-destructive testing. Welding repairs are allowed if procedures and personnel are qualified and the repairs meet the same inspection standards as the original casting. Heat treatment is required and must be suitable for the casting design and steel grade. Dimensional and chemical tolerances are provided for each grade.
The document provides an overview of the American Petroleum Institute (API) 682 2nd Edition standard for shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps. It describes the purpose and benefits of the standard in promoting best practices for mechanical seal selection and operation. The standard establishes three seal categories and defines acceptable seal types, arrangements, operating ranges, and qualification testing requirements. The 2nd Edition expands the scope of the previous edition to include additional seal types and arrangements.
Glass Fused-to-Steel Bolted Tank Coating QualityThomasRenich
The document compares three common standards for specifying the quality of glass fused-to-steel coatings on bolted steel liquid storage tanks: ISO 28765, EEA, and AWWA D103. ISO has the most stringent requirements with 19 tests, while EEA has 15 tests and is less stringent. AWWA only requires thickness and a wet sponge holiday test. Each standard has different quality levels for applications. ISO has four levels covering municipal and industrial uses, while EEA has three levels for agriculture and industry. The standards differ significantly in their testing protocols and quality criteria.
This document provides instructions for 10-step ultrasonic calibration blocks. It specifies that the blocks should be made of either 316L or 304L stainless steel. There should be 3 blocks total, with 3 made of carbon steel. Any degraded surfaces on the blocks must be perfectly parallel to the base of the block.
Calibration blocks are used to check ultrasonic testing equipment and operator skills on pipe-like structures. The document discusses factors to consider when sizing calibration blocks such as pipe schedule, diameter, and wall thickness to best match actual test pieces. Calibration blocks that most accurately reflect the test material are most effective for verifying equipment setup and operator qualifications.
This document outlines performance specifications for woven fabrics used in manufacturing men's, women's, and children's handkerchiefs. It specifies requirements in areas such as breaking strength, tear strength, dimensional stability after laundering, and colorfastness to laundering, light exposure, and other factors. Requirements are provided in Table 1 and test methods for measuring each property are referenced. The purpose is to establish common quality standards for handkerchief fabrics that can be agreed upon between fabric suppliers and purchasers.
1. The document contains 40 multiple choice questions related to piping inspection codes and standards such as API 570.
2. The questions cover topics like allowable stresses, corrosion rates, NDE methods, weld quality, coating inspection, and piping material selection.
3. Correct answers are provided for some questions, referencing the relevant code sections.
This document provides the specification for silica fume, which is a very fine pozzolanic material composed primarily of amorphous silica. It outlines the chemical and physical requirements for silica fume, including a minimum SiO2 content of 85% and limits for moisture content, loss on ignition, and alkali content. The document also specifies sampling and testing methods to ensure material conformity, and provides guidance on storage, delivery, certification, marking, and health and safety considerations for silica fume.
This document provides a comparative study of the rust prevention performance of four different types of rust preventive oils (RPOs) based on the type of carrier used. The RPOs studied included mineral oil-based, solvent-based, a mixture of mineral oil and solvent, and mineral oil with vapor corrosion inhibitors. Accelerated lab tests like humidity chamber testing and salt spray testing were conducted to evaluate and comparatively rank the rust prevention duration of each RPO. The mineral oil-based RPO with vapor corrosion inhibitors provided the longest rust protection of over 350 hours, while the solvent-based RPO provided protection for only 80 hours based on the accelerated testing. Infrared spectroscopy analysis was also used to identify the carrier base and
This document outlines specifications for different grades of ferrochromium, including chemical composition requirements and size standards. It provides specifications for high-carbon, low-carbon, vacuum low-carbon, and nitrogen-bearing ferrochromium. The key details include allowable chromium and carbon content ranges that define each grade, as well as maximum limits for other elements. It also lists standard size offerings and tolerances for different ferrochromium types.
This document provides specifications for hot dip zinc galvanization of steel. It outlines the general requirements including applicable codes, quality of zinc, surface preparation, and galvanizing process. It also specifies coating requirements such as the minimum mass of zinc coating for different steel thicknesses and types, as well as requirements for uniformity and freedom from defects. Testing methods are described for visual inspection, adhesion, uniformity, and mass of zinc coating. Criteria for conforming lots and scales of sampling are also provided.
This document provides guidelines for examining and evaluating pitting corrosion. It describes various procedures for identifying, examining, and measuring pits, including:
- Visual inspection of the corroded surface under light magnification to determine pit size, shape, and density.
- Nondestructive techniques like radiography, eddy currents, ultrasonics, and dye penetrants to locate pits.
- Metallographic examination of cross-sections to determine pit shape and relation to microstructure.
- Methods for measuring pit depth, such as metallography, machining away the surface, using a micrometer probe or microscope to focus on the pit bottom.
- Evaluating the extent of pitting through mass
This document is the Indian Standard specification for unsaturated polyester resin systems. It specifies tolerances for properties of liquid and cured resins, requirements for fire retardant grades, and methods for testing properties. The key points are:
- It specifies minimum requirements and limits for properties of liquid resins like viscosity, acid value, gel time, and volatile content.
- It lists optional properties for liquid and cured resins that can be specified by the purchaser if desired.
- Fire retardant resins must meet requirements for flammability tests and oxygen index to be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 grade.
- It provides requirements for chemical resistance, shelf life, packaging and labeling if supplied
This document provides guidelines for cleaning, descaling, and passivating stainless steel parts, equipment, and systems. It discusses:
1) The scope, which includes recommendations for removing surface contaminants that could impair corrosion resistance or cause contamination.
2) Design considerations to facilitate effective cleaning by minimizing crevices and allowing for drainage, ventilation, and inspection.
3) Precleaning to remove gross contamination before high-temperature processes or final cleaning using methods like degreasing or alkaline cleaners.
4) Descaling to remove heavy oxide films from hot-forming, heat treatment, or welding using methods like mechanical removal or chemical dissolution in acid solutions.
The document outlines the requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel according to the Indian Standard 2062:2006. It specifies chemical composition limits and mechanical properties for each grade. It also describes testing requirements, including tensile testing, bend testing, and impact testing to ensure the steel meets specifications. Defect and freedom from defect standards are provided as well as permissible variations in chemical analysis and testing positions.
The document outlines Indian Standard 2062:2006 which specifies requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel. It describes the chemical composition, mechanical properties, permissible variations, testing procedures, and other quality requirements for the steel grades. Destructive and non-destructive tests are specified to ensure freedom from defects and compliance with mechanical properties.
This standard describes the process for dry preparation of soil samples for particle size analysis and determining soil properties. The process involves thoroughly drying the soil sample, breaking up any clumps, and sieving the sample to obtain specific particle size fractions for testing. Tests are performed on different fractions to determine properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and particle size distribution. The standard provides details on necessary equipment, procedures for separating samples into test portions, and mass requirements for each test.
ASTM E709 01 STANDARD GUIDE mag part exam.pdfOmar Bellido
1) This document provides guidelines for magnetic particle examination, a nondestructive testing method for detecting cracks and other discontinuities near the surface of ferromagnetic materials.
2) The magnetic particle method works by magnetizing the material, applying magnetic particles, and observing where particles accumulate at points of magnetic flux leakage caused by discontinuities.
3) The guidelines describe procedures for part preparation, different magnetization techniques, types of magnetic particles, interpretation of indications, and other aspects of the examination process.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for galvanized steel sheets, both plain and corrugated. It outlines the requirements, classifications, testing procedures and tolerances for galvanized steel sheets intended for general purposes like panelling and roofing. The standard specifies three classifications for galvanized plain and corrugated sheets based on the grade of raw material used. It also provides requirements for the zinc coating thickness, bend testing, coating mass determination and retests in case of failure. Dimensions and tolerances for plain sheets/coils are defined.
This document provides standards for evaluating the performance of coal cleaning equipment. It defines key performance criteria such as feed rate, reference density of separation, and accuracy of separation. Standard test procedures and analytical methods are outlined to determine performance parameters like partition density, separation sharpness, distribution of correctly and incorrectly placed material, ash error, and yield error. The document also provides recommendations for presenting coal cleaning test data in a uniform manner to allow for comparison of performance levels.
This document provides standards for reference radiographs used to evaluate steel castings up to 2 inches thick. It includes:
1. An overview of the scope and purpose of the reference radiographs, which illustrate various types and severity levels of discontinuities commonly found in steel castings.
2. Descriptions of the categories and types of discontinuities represented, including gas porosity, inclusions, shrinkage, cracks, tears, and mottling. The discontinuities are graded on a scale of 1 to 5 based on their quantity, size, and distribution.
3. Procedures for how to use the reference radiographs to evaluate production radiographs and determine whether castings meet specified radi
This document summarizes ASTM standard A516, which establishes requirements for carbon steel plates intended for use in welded pressure vessels. It specifies four grades of steel plates with different strength levels and thickness limits. The standard references other ASTM standards and specifies chemical composition ranges, heat treatment requirements, tensile properties, and optional supplementary testing requirements that can be specified by the purchaser.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings suitable for fusion welding and intended for high-temperature service. It specifies three grades of steel (WCA, WCB, WCC) based on mechanical properties and chemical composition. The castings must meet visual inspection standards and can be subjected to additional non-destructive testing. Welding repairs are allowed if procedures and personnel are qualified and the repairs meet the same inspection standards as the original casting. Heat treatment is required and must be suitable for the casting design and steel grade. Dimensional and chemical tolerances are provided for each grade.
The document provides an overview of the American Petroleum Institute (API) 682 2nd Edition standard for shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps. It describes the purpose and benefits of the standard in promoting best practices for mechanical seal selection and operation. The standard establishes three seal categories and defines acceptable seal types, arrangements, operating ranges, and qualification testing requirements. The 2nd Edition expands the scope of the previous edition to include additional seal types and arrangements.
Glass Fused-to-Steel Bolted Tank Coating QualityThomasRenich
The document compares three common standards for specifying the quality of glass fused-to-steel coatings on bolted steel liquid storage tanks: ISO 28765, EEA, and AWWA D103. ISO has the most stringent requirements with 19 tests, while EEA has 15 tests and is less stringent. AWWA only requires thickness and a wet sponge holiday test. Each standard has different quality levels for applications. ISO has four levels covering municipal and industrial uses, while EEA has three levels for agriculture and industry. The standards differ significantly in their testing protocols and quality criteria.
This document provides instructions for 10-step ultrasonic calibration blocks. It specifies that the blocks should be made of either 316L or 304L stainless steel. There should be 3 blocks total, with 3 made of carbon steel. Any degraded surfaces on the blocks must be perfectly parallel to the base of the block.
Calibration blocks are used to check ultrasonic testing equipment and operator skills on pipe-like structures. The document discusses factors to consider when sizing calibration blocks such as pipe schedule, diameter, and wall thickness to best match actual test pieces. Calibration blocks that most accurately reflect the test material are most effective for verifying equipment setup and operator qualifications.
Calibration blocks are used to check ultrasonic testing equipment and operator skills on pipe-like structures. The document discusses factors to consider when sizing calibration blocks such as pipe schedule, diameter, and wall thickness to best match actual test pieces. Calibration blocks that most accurately reflect the application are most effective in verifying equipment setup and operator qualifications.
This document discusses cathodic protection, which involves applying a small electric current to the surface of a metal structure to prevent corrosion. It describes two main methods: impressed current uses an external power source connected between the structure and an auxiliary anode buried in the ground, while sacrificial anodes rely on galvanic action between the structure and more reactive anodes. The principles of cathodic protection involve driving the structure's potential negative of its corrosion potential to inhibit the corrosion reaction while increasing the cathodic reaction. Proper design considers factors like protection potentials, current density, coatings, and avoiding over-protection.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
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ab-1.pdf
1. SSPC-AB 1
June 1, 1991
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000
SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings
ABRASIVE SPECIFICATIONNO. 1
Mineral and Slag Abrasives
1. Scope
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for
selecting and evaluating mineral and slag abrasives used
for blast cleaning steel and other surfaces for painting and
other purposes.
1.2 The abrasives covered by this specification are
primarily intended for one-time use without recycling; re-
claimed materials must again be tested against and meet
the requirements of this specification. (See Note 7.1.)
2. Description
2.1 The abrasives are categorized into two
types, three
classes and five grades as described below. Normally the
user shall specify the types, classes and grades required.
If no abrasive type is specified, then either Type I or Type
IIisconsidered acceptable. If noabrasive class isspecified,
then any class will be considered acceptable. If no abrasive
profile grade is specified, the abrasive shall satisfy the
requirements of any of the five grades listed.
2.2 The following abrasive types are included.
Type I - Natural Mineral Abrasives
These are naturally occurring minerals, including, but
not limited to, quartz sands, flint, garnet, staurolite, and
olivine.
Type II - Slag Abrasives
These are slag by-products of coal-fired power produc-
tion or of metal (such as copper or nickel) smelting.
2.3 The following abrasive classes are included.
Class A - Crystalline silica less than or equal to 1 .O%
Class B - Crystalline silica less than or equal to 5.0%
Class C - Unrestricted crystalline silica
The definition and requirements for Classes A, B and C
are given in Section 4.2.
2.4 The abrasive grades and associated profile ranges
are listed below:
Grade 1 - Abrasives which produce surface pro-
files of 0.5to l .5mils (
13 to38 micrometers) when
tested in accordance with Section 4.3.
Grade 2 - Abrasives which produce surface pro-
files of l .Oto 2.5mils (25to 64 micrometers) when
tested in accordance with Section 4.3.
Grade 3 - Abrasives which produce surface pro-
files of 2.0to 3.5mils (51to 89 micrometers) when
tested in accordance with Section 4.3.
Grade 4 - Abrasives which produce surface pro-
files of 3.0 to 5.0mils (75to 127 micrometers)
when tested in accordance with Section 4.3
Grade 5 - Abrasives which produce surface pro-
files of 4.0 to 6.0 mils (102to 152 micrometers)
when tested in accordance with Section 4.3.
Other profile ranges may be designated by the pur-
chaser.
3. Reference Standards
3.1 The reference standards listed in Sections 3.4 and
3.5 form a part of this specification.
3.2 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the
referenced standards in effect on the date of invitation to
bid shall govern unless otherwise stated.
3.3 If there is a conflict between the requirements of
any of the cited reference standards and thisspecification,
the requirements of this specification shall prevail.
3.4 SSPC SPECIFICATIONS:
VIS 1 Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast
Cleaned Steel
SP
10 Near-White Blast Cleaning
3.5 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MA-
TERIALS (ASTM)STANDARDS:
C
128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Ab-
sorption of Fine Aggregates
C
136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine
and Coarse Aggregates
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2. SSPC-AB 1
June 1, 1991
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000
C 566
C 702
D 75
D 1125
D 4417
D 4940
E 1132
Test Methodfor Total MoistureContent of
Aggregate by Drying
Method for Reducing Field Samples of
Aggregate to Testing Size
Method for Sampling Aggregates
Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity
and Resistivity of Water
Test Method for Field Measurement of
Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
Test Methodfor Conductimetric Analysis
of Water Soluble Ionic Contaminants of
Blasting Abrasives
Practice for Health Requirements Relat-
ing to Occupational Exposure to Quartz
Dust
4.Requirements
4.1 GENERAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROP-
ERTIES: The abrasive shall meet all the requirements of
paragraphs 4.1.1 through 4.1.6. These are summarized in
Table 1.
4.1.1 Specific Gravity:The specific gravity shall be a
minimum of 2.5 as determined by ASTM C 128.
4.1.2 Hardness: The hardness shall be a minimum of
6 on the Mohs scale when tested as follows: Examine the
material under low-power microscope (1OX) and if grains of
different colors or character are present, select afew grains
of each. Place in succession the grains thus differentiated
between two glass microscope slides. While applying pres-
sure, slowly moveone slide over the other with a reciprocat-
ing motion for 1O seconds. Examinethe glass surface, and
if scratched, the material shall be considered as having a
minimum hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale. If more than
25% of the grains by count fail to scratch the glass surface,
the abrasive does not meet this specification.
4.1.3 Weight Change on Ignition: The maximum
permissible loss onignition is 1.0% and the maximum
permissible gain is 5.0% when tested as follows: Arepre-
sentative portion of the sample shall be ground in an agate
mortar and thoroughly dried at 220- 230°F (105-110°C) for
one hour. Transfer approximately 1 gram of the dried
sample toatared crucible with cover and weigh to the
nearest milligram. Cautiously heat the crucible with con-
tents, at first partially covered, and then at approximately
1382f90°F (750f50°C) covered. Hold at 1382°F (750°C)
for 30 minutes, then cool in a dessicator and reweigh. The
percent of weight change shall be computed as follows:
Yoweight change = {final wt. - oria. wt.) x 100
orig. wt.
4.1.4 Water Soluble Contaminants:
The conductivity
of the abrasive shall not exceed 1000 microsiemen when
tested in accordance with ASTM D 4940. (See Note 7.3.)
4.1.5 Moisture Content: The maximum moisture con-
tent shall be 0.5% by weight, when tested in accordance
with ASTM C 566.
4.1.6 Oil Content:The sample, in water, when tested
in 4.1.4, shall show no presence of oil, either on the surface
of the water or as an
emulsion inthe water, when examined
visually after standing for 30 minutes.
4.2 CRYSTALLINE SILICA CONTENT: All abrasives
must be classed based on crystalline silica content (see
Note7.4). Abrasives designated as Class A or B must meet
the requirements of paragraphs 4.2.1 or 4.2.2 respectively.
4.2.1 ClassA - Less Than 1% CrystallineSilica:
Abrasives shall contain no more than 1.0% by weight of
crystalline silica when determined in accordance with pro-
cedures described in 4.2.4.
4.2.2 Class B - Less than 5% Crystalline Silica:
Abrasives shall contain no more than 5.0% by weight of
crystalline silica when determined in accordance with pro-
cedures described in 4.2.4.
4.2.3 Class C - Unrestricted Crystalline Silica: No
restrictions on crystalline silica content.
4.2.4 Crystalline Silica:The crystalline silica content
shall be determined by the use of infrared spectroscopy or
by other analytical procedures, such as wet chemical or X-
ray diffraction analyses.
4.3 SURFACE PROFILE:The average surface profile,
when determined inaccordance with the description below,
shall be within the ranges specified in Section 2.4. A
representative sample of the material shall be obtained in
accordance with ASTM D 75 and used to abrasive blast a
2-foot by 2-foot by 1/4 inch (61 cm x 61 cm x 4 mm) mild
steel plate of SSPC-VIS 1 Rust Grade A to a
cleanliness of
SSPC-SP 10 (Near-White Blast Cleaning). The blasting
shall be done using a3/8 in (9.5 mm) #6 venturi nozzle with
a nozzle pressure of 95 f5 psig (670f35 kilopascals) at a
distance of 24 f6 inches (61 f 15 cm) from the surface at
an angle of 75 to 105
degrees. The resultant surface profile
shall be measured at a minimum of five locationsin accor-
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3. dance with Method C of ASTM D 4417 (see Note 7.5). The
average measured profile shall be within the ranges given
in Section 2.4. Other methods of determining profile may be
used if mutually agreeable betweenthe contracting parties.
4.4 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
4.4.1 The abrasive supplier shall designate range(s)
for maximum and minimum retention of each sieve size to
meet the profile range(s) specified in Section 2.4and
determined in Section 4.3. The particle size distribution
shall be measured in accordance with ASTM C 136 using
the following U.S. standard sieves: 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40,
50,70, 100, 140, and 200. Upon request, the supplier shall
substantiate that the specified size range will meet the
required profile range. (See Note 7.6.)
4.4.2The designated sieve size distribution and ranges
will become the acceptance standard for the specific abra-
sive submitted (see Section 5.4).
4.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
4.5.1 The abrasive material as supplied shall comply
with allapplicable federal, state, and localregulations (see
Note 7.7).
4.5.2 The manufacturer shall provide the purchaser
with sufficiently detailed chemical analyses to allow the
user to provide the protective engineering and administra-
tive controls for blast cleaning identified in federal, state,
and local codes.
4.5.3 Material Safety Data Sheets shall be furnished
for all abrasive materials supplied.
4.6 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
4.6.1 In addition to the requirements of Sections 4.1
through 4.5, the specifier may also stipulate performance
tests to establish abrasive consumption rate, cleaning rate,
and abrasive breakdown. As there are currently no stan-
dards for these tests, they are not a part of this specifica-
tion. However, upon mutual agreement between supplier
and purchaser, a performancetest procedure can beestab-
lished. Appendix A outlines a suggested procedure.
5. Qualification
Testing and Conformance
Testing
5.1 RESPONSIBILITIES FORTESTING: The procure-
ment documents should establish the specific responsibili-
ties for qualification testing and conformance testing. Un-
less otherwise specified, the supplier is responsible for
SSPC-AB 1
June 1, 1991
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000
performing and documenting the testsand inspections
called for in this specification.
5.2 CLASSIFICATION OF TESTING: The tests given
in Section 4 are classified as qualification tests or conform-
ance tests, as defined below:
5.2.1 Qualification tests are those tests which are run
to initially qualify a material for this specification. Qualifica-
tion testsare also required whenever a significant change
has occurred in the source, method of processing, method
of shipping or handling of the abrasives. The qualification
tests include all the tests in Sections 4.1 through 4.6.
5.2.2 Conformance tests are those tests which are
performed to verify that the material being submitted has
the same properties as the material which initially qualified.
Conformance tests shall be conducted on each lot as
required by the purchaser. The frequency and lot size for
quality conformance testing shallbe mutually agreed upon
between the supplier and the purchaser. The required
conformance tests are particle size distribution (Section
4.4), water soluble contaminants (Section 4.1.4), moisture
content (Section 4.1.5) and oil content (Section 4.1.6).
5.3 METHODS OF SAMPLING
5.3.1 Sampling for Qualification Tests
5.3.1.1 Bagged Abrasive: Three or more sacks of
abrasive shall be randomly selected from each inspection
lot. The sacks shall be mixed and separated and a 50
kilogram (kg) (110Ib) composite sample prepared inaccor-
dance with ASTM C 702.
5.3.1.2 Bulk Abrasive: A 50 kg (110 Ib) composite
sample shall be obtained from the blended finished product
in accordance with ASTM D 75. (See Note 7.8.)
5.3.2 Sampling for Conformance Tests
5.3.2.1 Bagged Abrasive: One sack of abrasive shall
be randomly selected from each inspection lot and a 2
kg (4
Ib)composite sample prepared inaccordance with ASTM C
702.
5.3.2 2 Bulk Abrasive. A 2kg (4 Ib) composite sample
shall be obtained from the blended finished product in
accordance with ASTM D 75.
5.3.3 Other methods of sampling may be used if mutu-
ally agreeable between the contracting parties.
5.4 DOCUMENTATION OF INSPECTIONAND TEST-
ING: The supplier shall furnish all documentation required
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4. SSPC-AB 1
June 1, 1991
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000
to verify that he has completed the requirements of the
qualification tests and conformance tests specified. At a
minimum, the documentation shall include the following:
5.4.1 List of tests performed: This list shall include
the title of the test, the appropriate standards used, any
deviation from standard practice, and the numerical results
of the testing.
5.4.2 Testing facilities: The documentation of facili-
ties shall include the name and location of the laboratory,
the responsible laboratory official, and laboratory certifica-
tion or other evidence of qualification.
5.4.3 Date of testing: This shall include the date of
original qualification (if applicable) and dates of completion
and official approval of testing results.
5.4.4 Affidavit: The procurement documents should
establish the responsibility for any required affidavit certify-
ing compliance with this specification.
5.5 FREQUENCY OF TESTING AND INSPECTION:
All materials supplied under this specification shall be
subject to timely inspection by the purchaser or his autho-
rized representative. The frequency and lot size of inspec-
tion shall be established by mutual agreement between the
supplier and the purchaser.
5.6 APPROVAL: The purchaser shall have the right to
reject any material supplied which is found to be defective
underthis specification. Incase of dispute, the arbitration or
settlement procedure, if any, established in the procure-
ment documents shall be followed. If no arbitration proce-
dure is established, the procedures specified by the Ameri-
can Arbitration Association shall be used.
6. Disclaimer
6.1 While every precaution is taken to insure that all
information furnished in SSPC specifications is as accu-
rate, complete, and useful as possible, SSPC cannot as-
sume responsibility nor incur any obligation resulting from
the use of any materials or methods specified therein, or of
the specification itself.
7. Notes*
7.1 Reclaimed abrasive may not meet the require-
ments of this specification because of particle degradation
and retained contaminants. To confirm compliance, re-
claimed abrasive shall be retested.
7.2 Materials furnished under this specification which
produce the required surface profile under standard test
conditions may produce a different surface profile depend-
ing upon job condition, type of surface, blasting pressure,
etc.
7.3 The limitation for abrasive conductivity is based on
pressure immersion testing andaccelerated outdoor expo-
sure tests performed by SSPC and the National Shipbuild-
ing Research Program.
7.4 Users of abrasives containing quartz (crystalline
silica) should comply with the requirements of ASTM E
1132.
7.5 Methods AandB of ASTM D 4417 or National
Association of Corrosion Engineers RP02-87, “Field Mea-
surement of Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast Cleaned
Steel Using Replica Tape” may also be specified by agree-
ment between purchaser and supplier.
7.6 SSPC will maintain a list of abrasives and sieve
sizes for which data on profile and other specified tests
have beensubmitted. The data will not beverified by SSPC,
but will be furnished upon request to those wishing to use
this specification. It is anticipated that at a future date,
specific size designations for individual abrasives will be
incorporated into thisor another SSPC specification.
7.7 Disposal of abrasives should be incompliance with
all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. It is
notedthat the spent abrasive may contain hazardous paint
and other foreign matter.
7.8 The importance of properly obtaining a sample
cannot be over-emphasized. All subsequent analyses per-
formed on the selected sample are likely to be affected by
particle size, so it is imperative that every reasonable effort
be made to select the sample in a way that will assure
proper representation. Therefore, it is important to select
the proper sampling location, andto use proper techniques
to select the sample.
The following guidelines should be kept in mind when
deciding on a sampling method:
7.8.1 If possible, sample the material to betested when
it is inmotion, in such places as aconveyor output point or
a chute discharge.
7.8.2 The whole of the material stream should be taken
for many short periods of time in preference to part of the
material stream being taken for the whole of the time.
*Notes are not requirements of this specification.
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5. Appendix A. Optional Test
To Determine Rates
of Surface Cleaning by Abrasives and of Abra-
sive Consumption*
A.l TEST PROCEDURE
A.l.l For testing purposes hot rolled carbon steel
plates or other flat structural steel with surface area of 20 to
80 sq. ft. (1.9 to 7.4 m2)shall be abrasive blast cleaned to
a SSPC-SP 10“Near White”condition. Surface profile shall
range from 2.0 to 3.0 mils (51 to 76 micrometers) when
measured by replica tape (ASTM D-4417, Method C).
These panels shall be coated within 4 hours of abrasive
blasting, or before surface rusting is visible -whichever
occurs first.
A.1.2The panels prepared inA.l.l shall becoatedwith
three coats of epoxy-polyamide paint (total DFT 7-10 mils
[178-254 micrometers]) conforming to MIL-DTL-24441 or
other standard reference painting system agreed to by the
contracting parties. The panels shall be cured for a mini-
mum of seven days at a minimum temperature of 70°F (21’
C). Following curing. the panels shall be marked in such a
manner as to form a grid of squares, each being 1 sq. ft.
(0.09 m2)in area. Each plate shall contain a minimum of 20
squares.
SSPC-AB 1
June 1, 1991
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000
A.1.3 Each abrasive type and size selected shall be
tested using a 318 inch (9.6mm) venturi nozzle operated at
95 f5 psig (655f35 kilopascals) at the nozzle. A 600
Ibpot
shall be charges with 500 Ibs (227 kg) of abrasive and the
test panel blasted to SSPC-SP 10 near-white condition.
Each trial shall cover approximately 20 sq. ft. (2 m2) of
surface area. The blast pot shall be disconnected and
weighed before and after each blast trial, and the following
data recorded: start weight, finish weight, weight of abra-
sive used, square footage blasted, and time required to
blast.
A.2 ABRASIVE CONSUMPTION RATE: The abrasive
consumption rate shall be determined as the weight of
abrasive used divided by the area cleaned, and reported in
Ibs of abrasive per square foot (kg per m2).
A.3 SURFACE CLEANINGRATE: The surface clean-
ing rate shall be determined as the area cleaned divided by
the time required to blast and reported in square feet
(square meters) cleaned per hour.
*The Appendix is not a requirement of this specifica-
tion.
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