The document discusses the maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion. It begins by describing the origin and course of the maxillary nerve, including that it arises from the trigeminal ganglion and exits the skull through the foramen rotundum. It then lists the branches of the maxillary nerve and their distributions. Next, it describes the location of the pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa and its roots, including parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory roots. It concludes by listing the branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion and their distributions to various structures like the nasal cavity and palate.

1. Head and Neck
Temporal and Infratemporal regions
part III
Maxillary Nerves and Pterygo-pala<ne Ganglion
Dr. Mohamed El Fiky
Professor of Anatomy and embryology

2. Maxillary nerve

3. Maxillary Nerve
Foramen Rotundum
Pterygo-pala<ne Fossa
Pterygo-maxillary Fissure
Inferior Orbital Fissure
Infra-orbital Groove
Infra-orbital Canal
Infra-orbital Foramen
The Maxillary Nerve
Origin :
It is a branch of trigeminal nerve
Course
it arise from trigeminal
gaglion and then it inter the
lateral wall of the cavernous
sinus and then leave the
skull through the foramen
rotundum to inter the
ptregopla<ne fossa then it
inter the orbit through the
inferior orbital fissure and
cnon<nue as infraorbital
nerve

4. Maxillary nerve

5. 1- Meningeal Branch
2- Two Sensory Ganglionic Branches
3- Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
4- Zygoma<c Nerve
Loop to Lacrimal Nerve
Zygoma<co-temporal Nerve
Zygoma<co-facial Nerve
5- Infra-orbital Nerve
Middle Superior Alveolar Anterior Superior Alveolar
Palpebral
Nasal
Labial
The Maxillary Nerve
Branches and Distribu<on

6. The Pterygo-pala<ne Ganglion
Site
It present in the ptrtegopla<ne fossa
The Pterygo-pala<ne Ganglion
Roots
1- parasympathe<c root :
greater superficial petrosal
which arise from the facial
nerve
2- sympathe<c root :
sympathe<c plexus surounding
the internal caro<d
3- sensory root :
branches from maxillary nerve

7. Branches: Are actually branches of the maxillary nerve.
(1) Orbital branches: passes through the inferior orbital fissure to
supply the orbital periosteum.
(2) Pharyngeal branch: passes backwards through the palatova ginal
(3) Grealer paLa>ne nerve:
(4) Lesser pala>ne nerves: descends through the lesser pala<ne,
canal and come out through lesser pala<ne foramen to supply the
mucous membrane of the soW palate and pala<ne tonsil.
(5) Long sphenopala>ne (nasopala>ne): Passes through the
sphenopala<ne foramen to reach the nasal cavity, crosses the roof
of the nose and descends obliquely on nasal septum. Its terminal
part passes through the incisive canal to supply the anterior part of
the oral surface of the hard palate.
(6) Short spenopala-ne: passes through the sphenopala<ne
foramen to reach the nose. it supplies the mucous membrane of the
upper part of the lateral wall of the nose.

8. Pterygopala<ne
Ganglion
Autonomic root
(Nerve to pterygoid canal)
(Vidian Nerve)
Greater petrosal
(parasympathe<c)
Deep petrosal
(sympathe<c)
Sensory roots
Maxillary nerve
Roots

9. Superior salivary nucleus
Facial nerve
Greater superficial petrosal nerve
Pterygopala<ne
ganglion
Maxillary nerve
Lacrimal nerve
Zygoma<c branch of
Maxillary nerve
Nerve loop
Between
Lacrimal and zygoma<c
nerves

10. 1- Greater pala<ne
Posterior inferior lateral nasal
2- Lesser pala<ne
3- Posterior superior
lateral nasal
(short sphenopala<ne) 4- Nasopala<ne
(Long sphenopala<ne)
5- Pharyngeal branch
6- Orbital branch
The Pterygo-pala<ne (Spheno-pala<ne) Ganglion
Distribu<on (Branches)

12. Hay Fever

13. Hay Fever Conjunc<vi<s
Hay Fever It is allergic rhini<s
Symptoms :
• Nasal conges<on
• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Nose & eye itching with excess tears and allergic conjunc<vi<s