Dr. Mohamed Efiky

1. Head and Neck
SCALP
Dr. Mohamed El Fiky

2. Eye brows
Superior nuchal lines and
external occipital protuberance
Superior temporal lines
Temple
Temple
Temple
Scalp
Scalp
Definition: Is the soft tissue covering the vault of the skull.
Extent:
(1) Anteriorly: supraorbital margins.
(2) Posteriorly: highest nuchal line.
(3) On each side: superior temporal lines:
SCALP

3. 1- s : skin
2- C : connective tissue
3- A : Apponeurosis (Epicranial ) and Occipitofrontalis Muscle
4- L : loose areolar connective tissue
5- P : Pericranium (Periosteum) (Subapponeurotic Space)

4. Face
Scalp

5. Temporal Fascia

6. Skin
Connective tissue
Epicranial apponeuorosis

7. Epicranial Apponeurosis
Superior
temporal line
Third layer of scalp

8. Frontal
Bellies
of
Occipitof
rontalis
Occi
pital
Belly
Occi
pital
Belly
Occiptal belly:
Origin: Insertion: Nerve supply: Action:
Lateral part of highest nuchal line
Epicranial aponeurosis.
Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve. Moves the scalp
backwards.
Frontal bellies (frontalis):
Origin: Skin of the forehead (no bony
attachment) Insertion: Epicranial ' aponeurois.

9. Par
otid
Gla
nd
Temporal
branch
of
Facial
nerve
Posterior
Auricular
of
Facial
nerve
Facial
Nerve
Nerve Supply of Occipitofrontalis Muscle :
Frontal belly by : temporal branch of facial nerve
Occiptal belly by : Posterior Auricular of Facial nerve

10. Frontal Bellies
of
Occipitofrontalis
Corrugator Supercelli
and
Procerus
Action of Occipitofrontalis Muscle
A- Frontal belly :
(1) Moves the scalp forwards.
(2) Raises the eyebrows (surprise).
(3) Causes horizontal wrinkles in the skin of the forehead (Horror).
B- occiptal belly :
Moves the scalp backwards.

11. Skin
Connective tissue
Epicranial apponeuorosis
Subapponeurotic space
Emmissary
vein

12. Black Eye

13. Supraorbital
artery
Supratrochlear
artery
Superficial
temporal
artery
Posterior auricular
artery
Occipital
artery
Arteries of the SCALP

14. External Carotid Artery
Maxillary Artery
Superficial
Temporal Artery

15. Parotid Gland
The Zygomatic Arch
Tragus
Superficial Temporal Vein
Auriculo-temporal Nerve

16. Superficial temporal
Artery
1- Transverse facial
artery
3- Anterior auricular
artery
2- Zygomatico-orbital
artery
4- Middle Temporal
artery
5- Anterior terminal
branch
6- Posterior terminal
branch

17. 1- Superficial Temporal Artery
Arteries of the SCALP
Origin,: external carotid artery
Termination : by dividing into 2 terminal branches ant. & post.
Branches :
1- Transverse facial artery
2- Zygomatico-orbital artery
3- Anterior auricular artery
4- Middle Temporal artery
5- Anterior terminal branch

18. Veins of the SCALP

19. 1- Superficial Veins

20. Lymph Drainage
of the SCALP

21. Pre-auriculalr
Submandibular
Occipital

22. Nerve supply of the SCALP
A- Motor Nerve supply of the SCALP
* Temporal branch of Facial nerve ( in front of the ear )
* Posterior Auricular of Facial nerve (in the back the ear )
B- Sensory Nerve supply of the SCALP
2- Supratrochlear Nerve
1- Supraorbital Nerve
3- Zygomatico-temporal Nerve
4- Auriculo-=temporal Nerve 4- Great Auricular Nerve
3- Lesser Occipital Nerve
1- Greater OccipitalNerve
2- Third Occipital Nerve
In front of ear Behind the ear

23. Parotid
Gland
Temporal
branch
of
Facial nerve
Posterior
Auricular
of
Facial nerve
Facial
Nerve
A- Motor nerve supply

24. B- Sensory
Nerve supply of the SCALP

25. Supratrochlear Nerve
Supraorbital Nerve
Zygomatico-temporal Nerve
Auriculo-=temporal Nerve
A- In front of the ear

26. Great Auricular Nerve
Lesser Occipital Nerve
Greater Occipital
Nerve
Third Occipital
l Nerve
behind ear

28. Clinical Notes

29. Scalp Wound

30. Wounds of the scalp bleed profusely

31. Emmissary
vein
Emmissary
vein
Infection can be transmitted from scalp to dural sinuses through emissary veins