The document summarizes the anatomy of the temporal and infratemporal fossa. It describes the contents including muscles like the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles. It also discusses the maxillary artery and its branches, the pterygoid plexus of veins, the mandibular nerve and otic ganglion. The temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles are described in terms of their origins, insertions and functions. The maxillary artery is outlined including its branches in the infratemporal fossa. The connections and branches of the otic ganglion are also summarized.
Pterygopalatine Fossa
Skeletal Framework of pterygopalatine fossa
Formation of pterygopalatine fossa
Location of pterygopalatine fossa
Contents of pterygopalatine fossa
Boundries of Pterygopalatine Fossa
scalp; is the soft tissue covering of cranial vault.
it extends anteriorly: supraorbital margin
posteriorly:external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines.
on each side: superior temporal lines.
Pterygopalatine Fossa
Skeletal Framework of pterygopalatine fossa
Formation of pterygopalatine fossa
Location of pterygopalatine fossa
Contents of pterygopalatine fossa
Boundries of Pterygopalatine Fossa
scalp; is the soft tissue covering of cranial vault.
it extends anteriorly: supraorbital margin
posteriorly:external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines.
on each side: superior temporal lines.
Fifth cranial nerve
Have a large sensory root and a small motor root.
Motor root arises – arises from the lateral aspect of lower pons (cranially) the motor root cross the apex of the petrous temporal bone beneath the superior petrosal sinus, to enter the middle cranial fossa.
Sensory root – arises from the lateral aspect of lower pons (caudally).
RELATIONS
Medially
(a) internal carotid artery
(b) posterior part of cavernous sinus
Laterally - middle meningeal artery
Superiorly - parahippocampal gyrus
Inferiorly
motor root of trigeminal nerve
(b) greater petrosal nerve
(c) apex of the petrous temporal bone
(d) foramen lacerum.OPTHALIMIC DIVISION
Terminal branches of Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, are
1. Frontal
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
2. Nasociliary
Branch of ciliray ganglion
2-3 long ciliary nerves
Posterior ethmoidal
Infratrochlear
Anterior ethmoidal
3. Lacrimal
Branches
From main trunk
Meningeal branch
Nerve to medial pterygoid
From the anterior trunk
Sensory branch
Buccal nerve
Motor branch
Masseteric
Deep temporal nerve
Nerve to lateral pterygoid
From the posterior trunk
Auriculotemporal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar nerves
Anatomy of the Temporal region & Temporomandibular jointRafid Rashid
Provides a detailed description of the gross anatomy of the temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa & temporomandibular joint. The boundaries & the structures present in the temporal & infratemporal fossa, the formation & movements of the TMJ & also includes branches of the mandibular nerve & maxillary artery.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
14. DEEP DISSECTION OF TEMPORAL & INFRATEMPORAL REGION AFTER REMOVING A PART OF RAMUS OF MANDIBLE WITH MASSETER & INSERTION OF TEMPORALIS MUSCLE ZYGOMATIC ARCH HAS BEEN REMOVED
20. C.Third Part:- 1.Posterior Superior Alveolar 2.Infraorbital 3.Greater Palatine 4.Pharyngeal 5.Artery Of Pterygoid Canal 6.Sphenopalatine [Terminal part of maxillary artery]
21. PTERYGOID PLEXUS OF VEINS 1-SITUATED around the lateral Pterygoid Muscle 2-Tributaries are those veins which accompany branches of maxillary artery 3-Plexus is draind by maxillary vein 4-Maxillary vein is only accompany to first part of maxillary artery 5-Maxillary vein unite with superficial temporal vein to form retromandibular vein COMMUNICATIONS:- 1.With inferior orbital vein through the inferior orbital fissure 2.With cavernous sinus through emissary vein passing through foramen lacerum & ovale 3.With facial vein through deep facial vein
22. MANDIBULAR NERVE & ITS BRANCHES SEEN IN INFRA TEMPORAL FOSSA AFTER REMOVING A PART OF MANDIBLE
23. MANDIBULAR NERVE & ITS BRANCHES SEEN IN INFRA TEMPORAL FOSSA AFTER REMOVING A PART OF MANDIBLE
24. Branches of Mandibular Nerve:- 1.From Main trunk:- [a] Meningeal branch [b] Nerve to Medial Pterygoid muscle 2.From Anterior division of trunk :- [a] Sensory-Buccal nerve [b] Motor branches to Masseter [Nerve to masseter], Temporalis[Deep Temporal nerves], Lateral PterygoidMsucle 3.From Posterior division of trunk [a] Auriculotemporal nerve [b] Lingual nerve [c] Inferior alveolar nerve
27. OTIC GANGLION Introduction:- A peripheral parasympathetic ganglion which supply secretomotor fibres to parotid gland Topographically:- It is connected to Mandibular nerve but functionally to Glossopharyngeal Nerve Size & Situation:- 2-3 mm in size & is situated in infratemporal fossa just below the foramen Ovale between Mandibular nerve [lateral side ]& Tensor Veli Palatini muscle [medial side]
28. Connections & Branches:- 1. Motor or Parasympathetic Root:- By lesser petrosal nerve The pre ganglionic fibres from inf.salivatory nucleus –IX Cn.-to- tympanic branch-to-the tympanic plexus-to-the lesser petrosal nerve to- otic ganglion The Post ganglionic fibres from otic ganglion-through- auriculotemporal nerve –to- Parotd Gland [SECRETOMOTOR TO PAROTID GLAND] 2. Sympathetic Root:- Nerve fibres from plexus on the middle meningeal artery [ These are post ganglionic fibres from sup.cervical sympathetic ganglion]-to otic ganglion-to auriculotemporal nerve –to parotd gland [VASOMOTOR IN FUNCTION] 3. Sensory Root:-Sensory fibres from parotid Gland Through auriculotemporal nerve
29. 4.Other Connections to otic ganglion:- 1. A branch from nerve to medial pterygoid which passes as such through otic ganglion to supply Tensor veli palatini & tensor Tympani 2. The Chorda tympanic nerve is connected to otic ganglion. this connection provide an alternate pathway of taste from ant.2/3 of the tongue.
