Tem
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The document discusses using transient electromagnetic (TEM) data to correct for static shifts in magnetotelluric (MT) data. TEM data is less sensitive to near-surface heterogeneities and topography, which can cause vertical shifts in MT apparent resistivity curves. The document proposes converting TEM time-domain data to the frequency domain using modeling or time shifting, and shifting the MT data to match the TEM-derived data to correct for static effects. This allows 1D MT modeling techniques to be applied to TEM data as well.
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This document proposes a data compression technique using double transforms. It compares using the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and a proposed Walsh-Cosine double transform on several contour data sets. The double transform approach applies the WHT, selects some spectral components, converts the spectrum to the DCT domain, and applies the inverse DCT. Experimental results show the double transform reduces multiplication operations compared to DCT alone while maintaining reconstruction error.
IGARSS2011_TU1.T03.2_Zhan.ppt
Different passive microwave soil moisture retrieval algorithms can give different results because they make different assumptions and use different input parameters. The single-channel algorithm is highly sensitive to errors in the optical depth estimate, while the land parameter retrieval model and multi-channel inversion algorithm are less sensitive as they estimate additional parameters from multiple frequencies. An uncertainty analysis found that varying temperatures and brightness temperatures within realistic error bounds did not significantly impact soil moisture retrievals from the land parameter retrieval model or multi-channel inversion algorithm, but did impact the single-channel algorithm.
Lecture13
1) Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) encodes digital information by varying the amplitude of a periodic pulse train based on a sampled message signal. 2) A matched filter is used at the receiver to detect pulses in the presence of noise. The matched filter is a time-reversed and scaled version of the transmitted pulse shape. 3) Intersymbol interference can occur when pulses are transmitted too closely together. Adding a guard period between pulses or using a raised cosine pulse shape can eliminate intersymbol interference.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of electromagnetic coupling into microw...
In this paper, our work is devoted to a time domain analysis of field-to-line coupling model. The latter is designed with a uniform microstrip multiconductor transmission line (MTL), connected with a mixed load which can be linear as a resistance, nonlinear like a diode or complex nonlinear as a Metal Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MESFET). The finite difference time-domain technique (FDTD) is used to compute the expression of voltage and current at the line. The primary advantage of this method over many existing methods is that nonlinear terminations may be readily incorporated into the algorithm and the analysis. The numerical predictions using the proposed method show a good agreement with the GHz Transverse Electro Magnetic (GTEM) measurement.
Lecture 4-6.pdf
This document discusses pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and the sampling theorem. It begins by explaining the four main methods for transmitting the amplitude of sampled values: PAM, PPM, PDM, and PCM. It then discusses natural and flat-top sampling. The sampling theorem is introduced, showing that sampling a bandlimited signal results in a periodic spectrum. It also describes how to reconstruct the original analog signal from its sampled values using an interpolation formula with the sinc function. Finally, it discusses generating a PAM signal using natural sampling with an analog switch circuit and recovering the original signal with a low-pass filter.
IOMAC2009
This document discusses using wavelet transforms to identify modal parameters like natural frequencies and damping ratios from vibration response data of structures. It introduces wavelet transforms as a time-frequency analysis method that can handle non-stationary signals, unlike Fourier transforms. The document then describes how wavelet transforms can be applied to extract natural frequencies and damping ratios from the free vibration responses of linear systems by decomposing the governing equations of motion into single degree of freedom systems. It provides an example of using this process on a simulated 3 degree of freedom system and a real test on a clamped-clamped beam.
EMI
This document discusses techniques for mitigating conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) in DC-DC converter topologies. It analyzes three random pulse width modulation techniques - Randomized Trailing Edge with Randomized Pulse Width Modulation, Randomized Trailing Edge with Randomized Pulse Position Modulation, and Constant Trailing Edge with Randomized Duty Ratio and Randomized Pulse Position Modulation with Fixed Carrier Frequency. Analytical derivations of the power spectral density are presented for each technique. The techniques aim to spread harmonic power in the frequency domain and reduce electromagnetic interference without using additional hardware components.
13. Analysis of Half TEm horn type antenna for High power Impulse radiation a...
This document discusses the analysis and design of a half transverse electromagnetic (HTEM) horn-type antenna for high-power impulse radiation applications. It presents mathematical formulations for calculating key antenna parameters like characteristic impedance that consider the isolation distance between the antenna arm and reflector. Simulation and experimental results are used to determine the optimal geometric design parameters, such as tapering angle and flair angle, that maximize antenna gain. Formulas show how parameters like electric and magnetic fields depend on the antenna geometry, pulse characteristics, and material properties.
Seismic attribute analysis using complex trace analysis
The document discusses seismic attributes, which are measurements or properties obtained from seismic data that provide information about rock properties. It defines various types of attributes such as pre-stack, instantaneous, physical, and multi-trace attributes. The document also discusses the analysis of key seismic attributes like reflection strength, instantaneous phase and frequency through the use of complex trace analysis. Finally, it concludes that seismic attributes are important tools that help interpreters extract more information from seismic data for applications like hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization.
Sparsity based Joint Direction-of-Arrival and Offset Frequency Estimator
- The document proposes a method to jointly estimate direction-of-arrival (DoA) and offset frequency of signals impinging on an antenna array using sparse representation.
- It builds on previous work by extending the estimation to include both spatial (DoA) and temporal (offset frequency) dimensions. This is done by constructing a joint dictionary as the Kronecker product of discrete spatial and temporal steering vector grids.
- Sparse recovery algorithms can then be applied to estimate the sparse coefficients and jointly infer the DoAs and offset frequencies of impinging signals from compressed measurements of the antenna array output over multiple time snapshots.
Ag4301181184
This document presents a low-cost method for electromagnetic signal spectral analysis and direction finding using a two-element time-modulated antenna array and multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithms. It describes a prototype array constructed using quarter-wave monopoles as antenna elements switched using PIN diodes. Measurements show the array output is phase modulated depending on signal arrival angle, producing a directional pattern at the carrier frequency and null at the first harmonic. MUSIC algorithms are applied to estimate signal directions from the received signals. The method provides a low-cost alternative to conventional direction finding techniques with potential applications in wireless communications and homeland security.
Overview of sampling
This document discusses sampling and related concepts in signal processing. It begins by introducing the need to convert analog signals to discrete-time signals for digital processing. It then covers the sampling theorem, which states that a band-limited signal can be reconstructed if sampled at twice the maximum frequency. The document describes three main sampling methods: ideal (impulse), natural (pulse), and flat-top sampling. It also discusses aliasing, which occurs when a signal is under-sampled. The key aspects of sampling covered are the sampling rate, reconstruction of sampled signals, and anti-aliasing filters.
Lecture 3 sapienza 2017
PROGRAMMA ATTIVITA’ DIDATTICA A.A. 2016/17
DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN INGEGNERIA STRUTTURALE E GEOTECNICA
____________________________________________________________
STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Lecture Series by
Agathoklis Giaralis, Ph.D., M.ASCE., P.E. City, University of London
Visiting Professor Sapienza University of Rome
Lb2519271931
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using complex wavelet transform (CWT) with a custom thresholding algorithm to estimate Doppler profiles from MST radar signals. CWT has advantages over real wavelet transforms by generating complex coefficients. The custom thresholding function is continuous around the threshold and can be adapted to signal characteristics. The algorithm applies CWT thresholding to the radar signal spectrum before Doppler estimation. Results on test radar data show the method can estimate Doppler at higher altitudes where noise dominates, unlike existing techniques.
Lb2519271931
This document discusses Doppler estimation of radar signals using complex wavelet transforms (CWT). It begins by introducing existing Doppler estimation methods like FFT and adaptive estimation techniques that have limitations. CWT provides advantages over real wavelet transforms by generating complex coefficients. The document then describes the dual tree CWT formulation and use of analytic signals for amplitude and frequency analysis. It proposes using CWT with a custom thresholding algorithm to estimate Doppler profiles from radar data. Results on test radar signals show the method can estimate Doppler at higher altitudes where existing techniques fail due to noise.
Accurate Evaluation of Interharmonics of a Six Pulse, Full Wave - Three Phase...
Interharmonics are the non-integral multiples of
the system’s fundamental frequency. The interharmonic
components can be apprehended as the intermodulation of
the fundamental and harmonic components of the system with
any other frequency components introduced by the load. These
loads include static frequency converters, cyclo-converters,
induction motors, arc furnaces and all the loads not pulsating
synchronously with the fundamental frequency of the system.
The harmonic and interharmonic components inflict common
damage to the system and apart from these damages the
interharmonics also cause light flickering, sideband torques
on motor/generator and adverse effects on transformer and
motor components. To
filter/compensate the interharmonic
components, their accurate evaluation is essential and to
achieve the same the Iterative algorithm has been proposed.
The main cause of spectral leakage errors is the truncation of
the time-domain signal. The proposed adaptive approach
calculates the immaculate window width, eliminating the
spectral leakage errors in the frequency domain and thereby
the interharmonics/harmonics can be calculated accurately.
The algorithm does not require any inputs regarding the
system frequency and interharmonic constituents of the
system. The only parameter required is the signal sequence
obtained by sampling the analog signal at equidistant sampling
interval.
communication concepts on sampling process
This document discusses principles of communication systems including sampling, quantization, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and pulse position modulation (PPM). It provides details on how analog signals are converted to digital through sampling and quantization. It explains the generation and detection of PAM, TDM, and PPM signals. Key advantages of digital transmission and various modulation techniques are summarized.
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Tem
- 1. Static shift correction of MT data using TEM data
- 3. MT and TEM response modelling of a 3-D near-surface inhomogeneities in a 1-D medium (Sternberg et al, 1988)
- 4. MT response (apprent resistivity sounding curve)
- 5. 2-D MT modelling of a topographic effect (Chouteau & Bouchard, 1988)
- 6. Comparison of MT sounding curves with topographic effect (initial model), terrain-corrected data and flat earth model response
- 8. TEM response (apprent resistivity sounding curve)
- 10. 1-D synthetic models k = 4, k 1/2 = 2 k – 1 k
- 11. 1-D synthetic models k = 4, k 1/2 = 2 k – 1/2 k 1/2
- 12. Model response
- 16. TEM signal
- 18. Zonge TEM system
- 21. TEM modelling method
- 23. TEM time shift method
- 24. TEM response of 1-D synthetic models
- 25. Comparisons of TEM converted data with MT response of 1-D synthetic models
- 26. Comparisons of TEM converted data with MT response of 1-D synthetic models
- 28. Static shift correction of MT field data using TEM (Sternberg et al, 1988)