TELOME THEORY.PPT.pptx
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This document summarizes the telome theory of plant evolution proposed by W. Zimmerman in 1930. The telome theory describes how early vascular land plants like Rhynia evolved from aquatic plants. It explains key evolutionary processes like overtopping, rearrangement, plantation, reduction, and curvation that led to the development of true leaves, stems, roots, and complex vascular systems in land plants from undifferentiated telome branches in early plants. While the telome theory describes the origin and structure of land plant sporophytes, it has some limitations in explaining the arrangement of sporangia and origin of all leaf-like structures.
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The document describes the evolution of classification systems for life on Earth from early two-kingdom systems to the modern five-kingdom system. It outlines the kingdoms and characteristics of Linnaeus' original two-kingdom system, Haeckel's addition of a third kingdom (Protista), and the modern five-kingdom system including Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. For each kingdom, it provides examples of phyla and key distinguishing features.
Root stem transition. hvyvjfhjmilip if UC h
The document discusses root-stem transition in plants. It notes that the root and stem form a continuous structure with a transition region between them. There are four main types of vascular transition identified: Type 1 involves splitting and twisting of xylem strands; Type 2 involves elongation of phloem and doubling of strands; Type 3 involves changing orientation but not splitting of xylem; Type 4 involves reduction and splitting of strands. Examples are provided for each type. The transition can occur gradually or abruptly over a length of less than 1mm to several cm.
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Plant physiology deals with the functions and processes that occur in plants, including metabolism, water relations, mineral nutrition, development, movement, responses to the environment, growth, and transport. Water is essential for plants, comprising 70% of most plants. It is a universal solvent that is important for chemical reactions in plants and for dissolving and transporting minerals and other substances via its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds. Plant-water relations examines how plants absorb, transport, and conserve water, which is often a limiting factor for crop productivity.
2. anthocerospp
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- They grow in very moist and shady places like slopes, rocks, or sides of ditches. Some species are also found growing on decaying wood.
- Anthoceros reproduces both vegetatively through tubers, gemmae, and persistent apices, and sexually through antheridia and archegonia leading to the formation of sporophytes and spores.
PlantTissueTissueSystempptx__2021_02_11_16_10_26.pptx
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Plants distributing materials + monocots - dicots
The document discusses the vascular systems of plants, specifically xylem and phloem. It explains that xylem transports water and nutrients up the plant from the roots, while phloem transports sugars throughout the plant. Transpiration drives the movement of xylem sap upwards, while translocation is the active transport of organic compounds like carbohydrates through the phloem.
Soral & Sporangial Characters in Pteridophytes.pdf
Sporangia are Spore bearing structure.
• May be eusporangiate or leptosporangiate.
• Homo- or Heterosporous.
• Terminal/ Lateral/ aggregated into specialized structures.
Tassel is regarded as primitive and acrostichoid condition as advanced.
The sporangia on expanded sporophyll are with or without the
indusium(protective covering).
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Psilotum
The document describes the plant Psilotum, which is classified as a vascular plant in the division Psilophyta. It has an underground rhizome that produces aerial branches bearing sporangia in clusters of three called synangia. The plant reproduces asexually through spores produced in the synangia and sexually through an underground gametophyte that produces eggs and sperm. The rhizome and stem have anatomical features including epidermis, cortex, endodermis and a central stele of xylem and phloem. Psilotum is considered to have characteristics transitional between non-vascular bryophytes and modern vascular plants.
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Hons sem 3 root stem transition
This PPT covers the UG Honours course Botany of Indian University as far as Root-stem transition of plants is concerned.The beauty of the topic is the anatomical coordination between aerial & underground of plants via transition.This covers 4 transition types of angiosperms.
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TELOME THEORY.PPT.pptx
- 1. L ZEBRA COLLEGE KOTA THE INSTITUTE OF COLLEGE EDUCATION • M.Sc. PREVIOUS (BOTANY) • PRESENTED BY :- JUBER KHAN • SUBMITTED TO :- DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
- 2. TELOME THEORY • Proposed by ~ W . ZIMMERMAN (1930) Book ~ DIE PHYLOGENIC DE PFLANZAN • Evolutionary modification : Based upon ~ Fossile record True leaf True stem True root Complex vascular system Protected sporangia
- 3. TELOME Ultimate terminal part of any axis are called telome . They parts are undifferentiated & single nerved . Generally they are dichotomously branched . Types of telome :- 1. Sterile telome - sporangia absent 2. Fertile telome - sporangia present
- 4. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ELEMENTRY PROCESSES MERITS DEMERITS
- 5. Early vascular land plant INTRODUCTION Aquatic plants Land plants Rhynia Evolved from
- 6. ELEMENTRY PROCESSES • Rhynia group of plants underwent certain evolutionary processes :-
- 7. 1. Over topping One of the two dichotomising branches ourgrowth the other and become larger and mechanically stronger . Shorter branch / weaker branch dispatched laterally. Larger branch forms - axis Overtopped branch forms - lateral branches ( weakers branch overtopped by stronger branch )
- 8. • Rearrangement of telome & mesone from a 3-d pattern to a single plane 2. Plantation
- 9. 3. Syngenesis (webbing) • Telome and mesomes fuse tengentially • Paranchymatous tissue is devloped in between • Known as webbing process • In stem of selaginella polystelic condition due to - simple paranchymatous webbing
- 10. 4. Reduction Microphyllous leaves of lycopsida and sphenopsida Needle like leaves of conifers
- 11. 5. Curvation When telome bent downwards , it is called recurvation Recurvation :- Incurvation :- The shifting of sporangia to the ventral surface of leaf
- 12. Merits of telome theory • Describe the origin & evolution of sporophytes in land plants. • It describes the structure of land plants. • The exact relationship between root , stem & leaves. • This theory explains connection between Fossile plants & living plants.
- 13. Demerits of telome theory • Does not explain how a telome - like characteristics body has been devloped {BOWER (1935) } • No idea was found for the arrangements of sporangia { THOMAS (1950) } • Does not provide an acceptable origin for all leafly structure.
- 14. THANK YOU