Short Presentation The Ultimate Algorithm For Creating IoT Hardware Devices. The Algorithm Consists Of 10 Steps: 1. Data & Actions 2. User Interface 3. Security 4. Data Representation 5. Internet Connection 6. Application Logic 7. Power Supply 8. Microcontroller 9. Development Tools 10. Other

1. HARDWARE CHALLENGES
How to Design IoT Systems
IoT Bulgaria Summit 2016

2. A Set Of Benefits? Or… Expectations?
Save Resources
Increase Productivity
Improve Our Health
Enable New Services
To Free Our Time
To Make Our Life Better
Improving Human’s Is A Complicated Problem

3. „For every complex
problem there is a
solution that is
clear, simple
and wrong.“
Maybe IoT Is Such A Wrong Solution?
H. L. Mencken

4. Why?
 Social Acceptance
 Privacy
 Data Confidentiality
 Intellectual Property
 Tracking
 Manipulation
 Control
 Personal Freedom
 Complexity
 Technical Challenges

5. What Are The Predictions?
 We Already Have 10+ Billion IoT Devices
 In 10 Years It Is Expected Their Count To Be 50 - 100 Billion
 The Expected Financial Impact Will Be $11+ Trillion
What Does It Mean?

6. What Do We Need To Do?
 Solve All Social Issues
 Decide The Level Of Intelligence
 Create Reliable, Ubiquitous Network Connectivity
 Cope With Noise And Interference
 Provide Unlimited Electrical Power
Let’s Go Deeper…

7. Noise
 Data Noise
 Radio Noise
 Electrical Interference
What Do I Mean?

8. Can You Make A Call?

9. Do You Think You’ll Be Able To Upload Your Selfie?

10. In Electronics We Can Use Shielding
And Filtering To Protect From Noise
Like We Use Umbrellas.
It Works Perfect For The Rain, But…

11. “No Matter How Many
Umbrellas We Have They Will
Not Stop The Tsunami”
Dr. Alexei Nikitin, TEDx

12. Network and Connectivity
 Unlimited And Uninterrupted Internet Connection
 50-100 Billion Unique Identifiers
 Cope With Collisions And Other Issues
How Much It Will Cost?

13. How Much It Is Going To Cost?
Do The Math:
Assume That The Internet Connection In 2025 For A Device Will
Cost $0.1 / Month
$0.1 Х 50 Billion = $5 Billion / Month
Who Will Pay It?

14. What About Electricity?
IoT Will Require Enormous Amount Of Electrical Energy
More Math:
Average Consumption Of ESP8266 Is 80 mA
P module = I x U = 0,08A x 3V = 0,24 W
P total = 50 x 109 x 0,24 W = 12 000 MW
= 6X The Capacity Of “Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant”
E = $1,5 Billion / Hour

15. “We cannot solve the
problems with the
same level of
thinking that
created them”

16. How To Develop IoT Systems?

17. Who Are ZEKENG?
 ZEK Engineering Is A Hardware Designer Studio
 Established In 2007 As A Freelancing Company By 2 Engineers
 For 9 Active Years They Finished 150+ Projects
 I Joined The Company 6 Years Ago Part Time
 I Have Been Working Full Time For The Last 2 Years
 I Am Responsible For Customer Relations, Business
Development And The Internal Projects
What ZEKENG’s Team Has Achieved Over The Time In Partnership
With Italian Designer Company

18. Worked On A Product Called
Free Power Jump By

19. Not Only Jumps… But Free Sense

20. This Started In 2011 !!!
 It Was Done Before The ESP8266 Era
 When There Were No Tri-axial
Accelerometers And Gyroscopes
 And Each Of These Sensors Cost About $30

21. Kippy Pet Finder – 2013
GPS, GPRS & Bluetooth

22. Sensoria by
2014

23. In The Period 2014 - 2016
 Advanced Power Grid Quality Monitoring Systems
 IoT Motorcycles & Cars
 Multipurpose Temperature Monitoring Systems
 Intelligent Air Cleaning Systems
 Home/Office Automation Systems
 Antitheft Systems
 GPS Trackers
 People Meters
 Flood/Smoke/Gas Detectors & Alarms

24. The Ultimate IoT Design Algorithm
ACCORDING TO US

25. What Is An IoT System?
SENSOR 1
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
ACTUATOR 1
SENSOR 2
SENSOR N
…
ACTUATOR 2
ACTUATOR M
…
MICROCONTROLLER
USER INTERFACE

26. The Ultimate IoT Design Algorithm
1. Data & Actions
2. User Interface
3. Security
4. Data Representation
5. Internet Connection
6. Application Logic
7. Power Supply
8. MCU
9. Development Tools
10. Other

27. 1A. Data
Sensors
Temperature
Humidity
Pressure
Weight
Noise
Light
Motion
Smoke
Gas
Proximity
Parameters:
• Precision
• Data Rate
• Interface/Protocol
• Power Consumption
• Price

28. 1B. Actions
Actuators
Relays
Valves
PWM
Steppers
Other
Parameters:
• Precision
• Speed
• Interface/Protocol
• Power Consumption
• Price

29. 2. User Interface
User
Interface
Display
Touch Screen
Buttons
Pots
LEDs
Parameters:
• Interface/Protocol
• Power Consumption
• Price

30. 3. Security (From HW Perspective)
 What Will Be The Level Of Security?
 Can We Use Standard Solution?
 Do We Need Additional Hardware?
 What Computation Power Will Be Needed?

31. 4. Data Representation
 Do We Need Special Conversions (Phase Correction,
Integration)?
 What Accuracy Is Needed?
 Do We Need Raw Or Processed Data?
 Do We Need Compression?

32. 5. Internet Connection & Protocols
Connectivity
 Wi-Fi or LAN?
 GPRS/3G/4G
 Bluetooth
 ZigBee
 Sub 1GHz
 Other
Protocols
 HTTP, TCP, UDP
 MQTT, AMQP
 Z-Wave
 Thread
 LoRaWAN
 Other

33. 6. Application Logic
 What Amount Of The Application Logic Will Be
Implemented On The IoT Device?
 Centralized Or Decentralized System?
 What Level Of Intelligence?

34. 7. Power Supply
 DC-DC Adaptor?
 Battery – Rechargeable Or Not?
 Both?
 Energy Harvesting?

35. 8. Microcontroller
 How Much Computational Power? DSP?
 How Much Memory (RAM, Flash)?
 Do We Need Non-volatile Memory? (EEPROM)
 Do We Need RTC? How Accurate?
 Do We Need Low Power Modes? (Battery Power Supply)
 SoC Or SoM?

36. 9. Development Tools
Hardware
 Evaluation Kits
 Oscilloscope
 Other Calibration Tools
 Debugger (JTAG)
 Interfaces (USB->RS232)
Software
 Compiler – Price/License
 IDE
 Server Environments
 Other Software
 OS (Real Time / Multitasking)

37. 10. Other
 Schematic Design
 PCB Design
 3D Design
 Software
 Firmware
 Sophisticated Algorithms

38. Do We Have Time?

39. System For Temperature And Humidity
Control
EXAMPLE

40. Example: Requirements
MICROCONTROLLER
T H PIR
T H
ALARM
LED
INDICATOR
S
BATTERY POWER SUPPLY
Wi-Fi
MICROCONTROLLER
GRID POWER SUPPLY
RELAY IR Wi-Fi
ALARM
LED
INDICATOR
THERMOSTAT ACTUATOR

41. Example: The Ultimate Algorithm
1. Data & Actions
2. User Interface
3. Security
4. Data Representation
5. Internet Connection
6. Business Logic
7. Power Supply
8. MCU
9. Development Tools
10. Other

42. Example: Data (Thermostat)
MICROCONTROLLER
TEMP SENSOR
HUMIDITY SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY
BATTERY POWER GRID
LED INDICATOR
ALARMSMOKE DETECTOR
T/H ADJUSTMENT
Wi-Fi
MOTION SENSOR

43. Example: Actions (Actuator)
MICROCONTROLLER
RELAY
INFRA RED
POWER SUPPLY
POWER GRID
LED INDICATOR
ALARM
Wi-Fi

44. Example: Data Representation & Security
 Data Representation:
- Binary, Fixed Point, TCP
- | UID | TS | TEMP | HUM | MOTION | ALARM | CS |
 Use Embedded Security Options

45. Example: Internet Connection & NW
Topology
INTERNET
Wi-Fi GATEWAY
THERMOSTAT
ACTUATOR
COOLER
ACTUATOR
HUMIDITY
ACTUATOR
HEATER
CLOUD SERVICE
REMOTE
CLIENT
LOCAL
CLIENT

46. Example: Application Logic
 All Devices Connect Virtually To The Cloud Service
 We Need Device Interaction
 Actuators Should Implement The Part Of The Application

47. Example: Power Supply
MICROCONTROLLER
TEMP SENSOR
HUMIDITY SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY
BATTERY POWER GRID
LED INDICATOR
ALARMSMOKE DETECTOR
T/H ADJUSTMENT
Wi-Fi
MOTION SENSOR
3.0V 1.8V
3.3V
3.3V; 5V
3.3V; 5V
2.4V – 4.2V 5V
I2C
I2C
UART
GPIO
ADC
UART
PWM
PWM

48. Example: Microcontroller
 Wide Power Supply Range: 2.1 – 3.6V
 SoC – Wi-Fi ARM Core + ARM Cortex M4 @ 80MHz
 Hibernate Low Power Mode – 4µA
 12-bit ADC, SD/MMC, 4 Timers, PWM, RTC
 SPI, I2C, UART
 Hardware Crypto Engine
 Hardware CRC and Checksum
 IP Stack
 TCP/UDP Sockets

49. Example: Development Tools
 SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 module LaunchPad
 SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 Software Development Kit (SDK)
 Code Composer Studio (CCS) or IAR
 JTAG – XDS100
 TI RTOS

50. YOU CAN DO IoT!
But Would You?
Or
You Will Try To Avoid The IoT Hype?

51. “You can avoid reality,
but you cannot avoid
the consequences of
avoiding reality”
Ayn Rand

52. Thank you!
email: emil.k@zekeng.com
phone: +359 88 531 2217
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