India's greatest threat is the safety of its women. Women do not feel safe in a variety of situations. This needs to be addressed as quickly as feasible. Technology evolves and develops on a daily basis, affecting how people live. As a result, the focus of this article is on modernising the technological framework in order to strengthen women's safety mechanisms. We introduce a new security method in this study to protect women during unusual behaviours. A new security technique based on a patrolling robot using the Raspberry Pi has been proposed. In this case, a night vision camera can be employed to secure any location. Various machine learning methods are applied to improve the classifier's accuracy. The findings suggest that the suggested method outperforms existing methods.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
The purpose of this project is to control robot with an interface board of the Raspberry Pi, sensors and software to full fill real time requirement.
Controlling DC motors, different sensors, camera interfacing with raspberry Pi using GPIO pin.
Live streaming, Command the robot easily, sends data of different sensors which works automatically or control from anywhere at any time.
Design of the website and control page of robot is done using Java tools and HTML. This system works on IOT concept.
This will enable Raspberry Pi to be used for more robotic applications and cut down the cost for building an IOT Robot.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
The purpose of this project is to control robot with an interface board of the Raspberry Pi, sensors and software to full fill real time requirement.
Controlling DC motors, different sensors, camera interfacing with raspberry Pi using GPIO pin.
Live streaming, Command the robot easily, sends data of different sensors which works automatically or control from anywhere at any time.
Design of the website and control page of robot is done using Java tools and HTML. This system works on IOT concept.
This will enable Raspberry Pi to be used for more robotic applications and cut down the cost for building an IOT Robot.
Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health check-up. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor’s consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient’s health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.
Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Robotics is a branch of science that deals with Mechanical, Electrical and Software fields. Robots are the machines that are used in our day-to-day to life to reduce men power and work accurately without any distortions. Robots can be classified into two different sections basing upon their skills as Automated and Manual. Obstacle detector is a Automated robot which itself recognizes the obstacle in its path and moves in free direction. Robot detects the obstacle by using two IR Sensors placed in front.
The IR sensors are placed on left and right side of the robot through which continuous Infrared radiation is emitted for detection of obstacles in the path. These IR Sensors are connected to a controlling element AT89c51 µc. When a obstacle is placed in the path of robot IR beam is reflected to the sensor from the obstacle. On detecting obstacle in the path sensor sends 0 volts to µc. This 0 voltage is detected by Microcontroller which avoids the obstacle by taking left or right turn. Similarly if the sensor sends +5v to Microcontroller, the Microcontroller assumes it as clear path and makes the robot to move in straight.
Two motors namely right motor and left motor are connected to Motor driver IC (L293D). L293D is interface with Microcontroller. Microcontroller sends logic 0 & logic 1 as per the programming to driver IC which makes motors to rotate in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. Wheels attached to the motors rotate accordingly with the motor shaft causing in the moment of the robot by wheels. In front portion of the robot a free wheel is attached to move the robot easily in any direction as per the requirement.
A 12Volts DC battery is attached to the circuit. As the microcontroller and sensors requires only 5v, set of resistors and capacitors are used to supply 5v DC to them. Power Management System is not maintained in the circuit as the battery can be removed after the usage of robot. So it does not cause any loss in the power of battery.
This type of robots has multiple applications in various fields. They can be used to know the strength of the opposite army in defense system. They can be used as floor and wall cleaners. They are used in automated GPS vehicles to calculate the moment of the vehicle overhead. These robots are easy to construct and cheaper in cost with long durability.
Health monitoring is the major problem in today’s world. Due to lack of proper health monitoring, patient suffer from serious health issues. There are lots of IoT devices now days to monitor the health of patient over internet. Health experts are also taking advantage of these smart devices to keep an eye on their patients. With tons of new healthcare technology start-ups, IoT is rapidly revolutionizing the healthcare industry.
Here in this project, we will make an IoT based Health Monitoring System which records the patient heart beat rate and body temperature and also send an email/SMS alert whenever those readings goes beyond critical values. Pulse rate and body temperature readings are recorded over ThingSpeak and Google sheets so that patient health can be monitored from anywhere in the world over internet. A panic will also be attached so that patient can press it on emergency to send email/sms to their relative
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health check-up. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor’s consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient’s health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.
Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Robotics is a branch of science that deals with Mechanical, Electrical and Software fields. Robots are the machines that are used in our day-to-day to life to reduce men power and work accurately without any distortions. Robots can be classified into two different sections basing upon their skills as Automated and Manual. Obstacle detector is a Automated robot which itself recognizes the obstacle in its path and moves in free direction. Robot detects the obstacle by using two IR Sensors placed in front.
The IR sensors are placed on left and right side of the robot through which continuous Infrared radiation is emitted for detection of obstacles in the path. These IR Sensors are connected to a controlling element AT89c51 µc. When a obstacle is placed in the path of robot IR beam is reflected to the sensor from the obstacle. On detecting obstacle in the path sensor sends 0 volts to µc. This 0 voltage is detected by Microcontroller which avoids the obstacle by taking left or right turn. Similarly if the sensor sends +5v to Microcontroller, the Microcontroller assumes it as clear path and makes the robot to move in straight.
Two motors namely right motor and left motor are connected to Motor driver IC (L293D). L293D is interface with Microcontroller. Microcontroller sends logic 0 & logic 1 as per the programming to driver IC which makes motors to rotate in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. Wheels attached to the motors rotate accordingly with the motor shaft causing in the moment of the robot by wheels. In front portion of the robot a free wheel is attached to move the robot easily in any direction as per the requirement.
A 12Volts DC battery is attached to the circuit. As the microcontroller and sensors requires only 5v, set of resistors and capacitors are used to supply 5v DC to them. Power Management System is not maintained in the circuit as the battery can be removed after the usage of robot. So it does not cause any loss in the power of battery.
This type of robots has multiple applications in various fields. They can be used to know the strength of the opposite army in defense system. They can be used as floor and wall cleaners. They are used in automated GPS vehicles to calculate the moment of the vehicle overhead. These robots are easy to construct and cheaper in cost with long durability.
Health monitoring is the major problem in today’s world. Due to lack of proper health monitoring, patient suffer from serious health issues. There are lots of IoT devices now days to monitor the health of patient over internet. Health experts are also taking advantage of these smart devices to keep an eye on their patients. With tons of new healthcare technology start-ups, IoT is rapidly revolutionizing the healthcare industry.
Here in this project, we will make an IoT based Health Monitoring System which records the patient heart beat rate and body temperature and also send an email/SMS alert whenever those readings goes beyond critical values. Pulse rate and body temperature readings are recorded over ThingSpeak and Google sheets so that patient health can be monitored from anywhere in the world over internet. A panic will also be attached so that patient can press it on emergency to send email/sms to their relative
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
IJMRR is an international forum for research that advances the theory and practice of management. All papers submitted to IJMRR are subject to a double-blind peer review process. Authors are invited to submit theoretical or empirical papers in all aspects of management, including strategy, human resources, marketing, operations, technology, information systems, finance and accounting, business economics, and public sector management.
In the accomplishment of completion of our project on “WIRELESS SURVEILLANCE ROBOT” ,We would like to convey our special gratitude to our Project Guide Dr. Reeta Verma, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Dr. Sanjay Mathur, Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
Your valuable, guidance and suggestions helped us in various phases of the completion of this project. We will always be thankful to you in this regard.
We would also like to thank all our friends, family, seniors, PG Students and especially our classmates for their continues support and help during the making of this project. At last we individually like to thanks each one of us in the group for their support and contribution in making this project a success.
Multi-Purpose Robot using Raspberry Pi & Controlled by SmartphoneIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a method for controlling a Wireless robot for multi-purpose in the sense surveillance, rescue operations and weather reporting, human detection, geo-graphical location etc., Generally surveillance robots consists a high cost microcontroller, Bluetooth module or Wi-Fi modules, audio systems and a costly and complicated communication system. Raspberry pi b model is a credit card size single board computer. It is built with the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth modules and USB ports and in built Broadcom BCM2837 processor that gives very speed processing and audio, video jacks and camera interfacing port, HDMI port and Ethernet ports is available. This board will meet our requirements. The Robot is equipped with various critical sensors, detectors and Camera. The live video feedback is obtained from the camera. Data from the sensors is send to the Smartphone at user end. Latest Raspberry pi board is used on robot to interface with sensors and camera. It is having an in built Wi-Fi. An Android Smartphone sends a wireless command through robot controlled app which is received by Raspberry pi board and accordingly robot moves
Detecting Alive Human Using Robot for Rescue Operationvivatechijri
In the current technological world, the technologies are evolving day by day. These developments
make human life easier and more enthusiastic. The new high-speed technologies & growing computer capacity
provides advancement in the field of control theory. In the modern world, there are continuous development of
the skyscraper buildings & dwellings which increases the risk of losing life by natural calamities and manmade
disasters. During earthquakes, landslides, and building collapse, a lot of times, humans are trapped under debris
and it becomes impossible to detect their presence by the rescue team. Sometimes, it is impossible to reach certain
locations in calamity affected zone. Many models have been proposed for detection of human’s presence under
the debris in affected zone. This paper analyses various models developed to find the alive human being during
natural calamities.
Robotic Soldier with EM Gun using Bluetooth Moduleijceronline
Need for security is growing day by day due to enormous development in the field of technology, but man wants to achieve this security at the minimum cost and minimum risk to human life. This is the factor which has encouraged us to develop this project which can achieve security at minimum risk to human life and at minimum cost. Here instead of exposing the soldier to do the hazardous job such as dangerous gas or hostile environment detection we have designed a machine which will do the same job more efficiently. This robot will be self-sufficient to sense the temperature of surrounding, and detecting if any obstacles are there at a certain distance depends on that robot guiding itself using the efficient algorithms and proper sensors.
Similar to Women Safety Night Patrolling Robot Using IOT (20)
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the present paper, we have employed modified Khare-BEB method [Atoms, (2019)] to evaluate total ionization cross sections by the electron impact for ammonia in energy range from the ionization threshold to 10 MeV. The theoretical ionization cross sections have been compared to the available previous theoretical and experimental results. The collision parameters dipole matrix squared M_j^2 and CRP also have been calculated. The present calculations were found in remarkable agreement with the available experimental results.
A Case Study on Small Town Big Player – Enjay IT Solutions Ltd., BhiladDr. Amarjeet Singh
Adequately trained Manpower is a problem that affects the IT industry as a whole, but it is particularly acute for Enjay IT Solution. Enjay's location in a semi-urban or rural area makes it even more difficult to find a talented employee with the right skills. As the competition for skilled workers grows, it becomes more difficult to attract and keep those workers who have the requisite training and experience.
Effect of Biopesticide from the Stems of Gossypium Arboreum on Pink Bollworm ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Pink bollworm and Lepidoptera development quickly in numbers which is a typical animal group that produces around 100 youthful ones inside certain days or weeks. This assault influences the harvests broadly in the tropical and sub-tropical temperature areas. Thus, to keep up with the yield of harvests the vermin ought to be kept away by utilizing pesticides. The unnecessary measure of the purpose of pesticides influences the dirt, land, and as well as human well-being, and contaminates the climate. Thus, an ozone-accommodating biopesticide is extracted from the stems of the Gossypium arboreum. Thus, the extraction of biopesticide from the stems of Gossypium arboreum demonstrated that the quantity of pink bollworm and Lepidoptera is diminished step by step in the wake of showering the arrangement on the impacted region of the plant because of the presence of the gossypol.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
E-Commerce has transformed business as we know over the past few decades. The rapid increasing use of the Internet and the strong purchasing power in Saudi Arabia have had a strong impact on the evolution of E-Commerce in the country. Saudi Arabia is yet another country that will release artificial intelligence power to fuel its growth in the economic world. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) applications that can facilitate e-commerce processes have been widely used. The impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques on the efficiency of e-commerce, particularly has been overlooked by many prior studies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to explore and investigate possible applications of AI in E-Commerce that can help Saudi Arabian businesses.
Factors Influencing Ownership Pattern and its Impact on Corporate Performance...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This study on factors influencing Ownership pattern and its impact on corporate performance has used five industries data viz Automobile industry, IT industry, Banking industry, Oil & Gas industry and pharmaceutical industry for five years from 2017 to 2021. First the factors influencing ownership pattern was identified and later its impact on corporate performance was analysed. Multiple Regression, ANOVA and Correlation was used in SPSS 28. Percentage of independent directors on the board and size of the company has significant impact on Indian Promotor holding and non-institutional ownership has significant impact on corporate performance.
An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Au...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Financial Performance Analysis Selected Pr...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The growth of a country's banking sector has a significant impact on its economic development. The banking sector plays a critical role in determining a country's economic future. A well-planned, structured, efficient, and viable banking system is an essential component of an economy's economic and social infrastructure. In modern society, a strong banking system is required because it meets the financial needs of the modern society. In a country's economy, the banking system plays a crucial role. Because it connects surplus and deficit economic agents, the bank is the most important financial intermediary in the economy. The banking system is regarded as the economy's lifeline. It meets the financial needs of commerce, industry, and agriculture. As a result, the country's development and the banking system are intertwined. They are critical in the mobilisation of savings and the distribution of credit to various sectors of the economy. India's private sector banks play a critical role in the country's economic development. So The financial performance of private sector banks must be evaluated carefully.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
After the United States, China, and Japan, India was the world's fourth biggest consumer of oil and petroleum products. The nation is significantly reliant on crude oil imports, the majority of which come from the Middle East. The Indian oil and gas business is one of the country's six main sectors, with important forward links to the rest of the economy. More than two-thirds of the country's overall primary energy demands are met by the oil and gas industry. The industry has played a key role in placing India on the global map. India is now the world's sixth biggest crude oil user and ninth largest crude oil importer. In addition, the country's portion of the worldwide refining market is growing. India's refining industry is now the world's sixth biggest. With plans for Reliance Petroleum Limited to commission another refinery with a capacity of 29 MTPA next 16 to its 33 MTPA refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this position is projected to be enhanced. As a consequence, the Reliance refinery would be the biggest single-site refinery in the world. Based on secondary data gathered from CMIE, the current research examines the ratios influencing the profitability of selected oil exploration and production businesses in India during a 10-year period.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
SEI S.p.a. presented a project to build a 1320 MW coal-fired power plant in Saline Joniche, on the Southern tip of Calabria Region, Italy, in 2008. A gross early evaluation about the possibility to add CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) was performed too. The project generated widespread opposition among environmental associations, citizens and local institutions in that period, against the coal use to produce energy, as a consequence of its GHG clima-alterating impact. Moreover the CCS (also named Carbon Capture & Storage or more recently CCUS: Carbon Capture-Usage-Storage) technology was at that time still an unknown and “mysterious” solution for the GHG avoiding to the atmosphere. The present study concerns the sizing of the compression and transportation system of the CCS section, included in the project presented at the time by SEI Spa; the sizing of the compression station and the pipeline connecting the plant to the possible Fosca01 offshore injection site previously studied as a possible storage solution, as part of a coarse screening of CO2 storage sites in the Calabria Region. This study takes into account the costs of construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) of both the compression plant and the sound pipeline, considering the gross static storage capacity of the Fosca01 reservoir as a whole as previously evaluated.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
Solid waste is health hazard and cause damage to the environment due to improper handling. Solid waste comprises of Industrial Waste (IW), Hazardous Waste (HW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Electronic waste (E-waste), Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) which depend on their supply & characteristics. Food waste or Bio-waste composting and its role in sustainable development is explained in food waste is a growing area of concern with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When rotting food ends up in landfill it turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging to the environment. Composting is biochemical process in which organic materials are biologically degraded, resulting in the production of organic by products and energy in the form of heat. Heat is trapped within the composting mass, leading to the phenomenon of self-heating. This overall process provide us Bio-Manure.
Crypto-Currencies: Can Investors Rely on them as Investment Avenue?Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this study is to examine investors’ perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor’s perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
Awareness of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) among Student of the Catanduanes S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Island Province of Catanduanes is prone to all types of natural hazards that includes torrential and heavy rains, strong winds and surge, flooding and landslide or slope failures as a result of its geographical location and topography. RA 10121 mandates local DRRM bodies to “encourage community, specifically the youth, participation in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of youth programs and projects. The study aims to determine the awareness to disaster of the student of the Catanduanes State University. The disaster-based questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 636 students selected randomly from different Colleges and Laboratory Schools in the University
The Catanduanes State University students understood some disaster-related concepts and ideas, but uncertain on issues on preparedness, adaptation, and awareness on the risks inflicted by these natural hazards. Low perception on disaster risks are evidently observed among students. The responses of the students could be based on the efficiency and impact of the integration of DRR education in the senior high school curriculum. Specifically, integration of the concepts about the hazards, hazard maps, disaster preparedness, awareness, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, and resiliency in the science curriculum possibly affect the knowledge and understanding of students on DRR. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM.
The study further recommends that teachers and instructor must also be capacitated in handling disaster as they are the prime movers in the implementation of the DRRM in education. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM. Core subjects in Earth Sciences must be reinforced with geologic hazards. Learning competencies must also be focused on hazard identification and mapping, and coping with different geologic disaster.
The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
Haryana's Honour Killings: A Social and Legal Point of ViewDr. Amarjeet Singh
Life is unpredictably unpredictable. Nobody knows what will happen in the next minute of their lives. In this circumstance, every human being has the right and desire to conduct their lives according to their own desires. No one should be forced to live a life solely for the benefit and reputation of others. Honour killing is defined as the assassination of a person, whether male or female, who refuses to accept the family's arranged marriage or decides to move her or his marital life according to her or his wishes solely because it jeopardizes the family's honour. The family's supreme authority looks after the family's name but neglects to consider the love and affection shared among family members. I have discussed honour killing in India in my research work. This sort of murder occurs as a result of particular triggers, which are also examined in relation to the role of the law in honour killing. No one can be released free if they break the law, and in this case, it is a felony that violates various regulations designed to safeguard citizens. This crime is similar to many others, but it is distinct enough to be differentiated in the report. When the husband is of low social standing, it lowers the position and caste of the female family, prompting the male family members to murder the girl. But they forget that the girl is their kid and that while rank may be attained, a girl's life can never be replaced, and that caste is less valuable than the girl's life and love spent with them.
Optimization of Digital-Based MSME E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities i...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The impact caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic on Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) was so severe and fatal
that not a few went out of business. The heavy burden is borne by MSME actors due to social restrictions imposed by the
government, the declining purchasing power of the people, a product that continues to decline until capital runs out. Plus
inadequate knowledge in carrying out marketing strategies and product innovations are the main trigger for the lack of
enthusiasm for MSME actors as well as bankruptcy. MSME digitalization-based e-commerce is an opportunity and the right
solution in dealing with the obstacles caused by the impact of Covid-19, as well as a challenge for MSME actors to design old
ways in new ways through digital business.
Modal Space Controller for Hydraulically Driven Six Degree of Freedom Paralle...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the Modal space decoupled control for a hydraulically driven parallel mechanism has been presented. The approach is based on singular values decomposition to the properties of joint-space inverse mass matrix, and mapping of the control and feedback variables from the joint space to the decoupling modal space. The method transformed highly coupled six-input six-output dynamics into six independent single-input single-output (SISO) 1 DOF hydraulically driven mechanical systems. The novelty in this method is that the signals including control errors, control outputs and pressure feedbacks are transformed into decoupled modal space and also the proportional gains and dynamic pressure feedback are tuned in modal space. The results indicate that the conventional controller can only attenuate the resonance peaks of the lower eigenfrequencies of six rigid modes properly, and the peaking points of other relative higher eigenfrequencies are over damped, The further results show that it is very effective to design and tune the system in modal space and that the bandwidth increased substantially except surge (x) and sway (y) motions, each degree of freedom can be almost tuned independently and their bandwidths can be increased near to the undamped eigenfrequencies.
It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
A blockchain is a decentralised database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. The study primarily aims to explore how in the future, block chain technology will alter several areas of the Indian economy. The current study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology's idea and implementation in India, as well as the technology's potential as a disruptive financial technological innovation.
Secondary sources such as reports, journals, papers, and websites were used to compile all the data. Current and relevant information were utilised to help understand the research goals. All the information is rationally organised to fulfil the objectives. The current research focuses on recommendations for enhancing India's Blockchain ecosystem so that it may become one of the best in the world at utilising this new technology.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Women Safety Night Patrolling Robot Using IOT
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.15
93 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Women Safety Night Patrolling Robot Using IOT
M Renu Babu1
, B Hari Krishna2
, G Rakesh3
, M Sai Tejashri4
and Y Parichitha5
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering
College, INDIA
2
UG Scholar Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering
College, INDIA
3
UG Scholar Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering
College, INDIA
4
UG Scholar Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering
College, INDIA
5
UG Scholar Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering
College, INDIA
1
Corresponding Author: renubabum@tkrec.ac.in
ABSTRACT
India's greatest threat is the safety of its women.
Women do not feel safe in a variety of situations. This needs
to be addressed as quickly as feasible. Technology evolves and
develops on a daily basis, affecting how people live. As a
result, the focus of this article is on modernising the
technological framework in order to strengthen women's
safety mechanisms. We introduce a new security method in
this study to protect women during unusual behaviours. A
new security technique based on a patrolling robot using the
Raspberry Pi has been proposed. In this case, a night vision
camera can be employed to secure any location. Various
machine learning methods are applied to improve the
classifier's accuracy. The findings suggest that the suggested
method outperforms existing methods.
Keywords-- IOT, Night Vision Camera, Raspberry pi,
Sensors, Women Safety
I. INTRODUCTION
Women's safety is currently the most pressing
worry in many regions of the world. There is still a fear of
women in isolated locations. Women are skilled at uniting
disparate groups for a common goal. To promote peace,
they frequently collaborate across ethnic, religious,
political, and cultural barriers. We all recognise the
importance of women's safety, but we must also recognise
that they must be adequately protected. Because women
are not as physically powerful as men, a helping hand
would be a welcome relief in an emergency. The greatest
method to reduce your chances of being a victim of violent
crime (such as robbery, sexual assault, rape, or domestic
abuse) is to identify and contact resources that can assist
you in escaping risky situations. Having these applications
scan decrease the risk and bring aid when needed, whether
it is an emergency problem or they get separated from pals
during a night out and don't know how to return home.
Several of them were created for students to lessen the
danger of sexual assault on college, but they are
appropriate for all women. People are preparing to strike
back in various ways in the wake of the recent incident in
Delhi, which shocked the nation and made us aware of the
safety concerns for our daughters. Over the millennia, the
status of women in India has changed dramatically.
Women continue to face social challenges in modern India,
and they are frequently victims of abuse and violent
crimes; according to a global poll conducted by Thomson
Reuters, India is the “fourth most dangerous country” for
women in the world, and the worst country for women
among the G20 countries. It's past time for women to make
a shift. So, utilising a Raspberry Pi, we suggest a security
patrolling robot. This project focuses on a security robot
that is specifically created to provide security and
protection to women in order for them to never feel
helpless when confronted with such social difficulties. For
safeguarding any location, the system employs cameras
and sensors. When a robot hears a sound, it begins moving
in the direction of the sound along a predetermined course.
It can also stream live video. This robot is equipped with a
camera that can catch images, record them, and
communicate them to the control station. The control
station can receive a real-time video signal from this
system. The goal here is to secure the entire area. Any little
sound will cause the robot to activate a line following
course, which it will follow until it encounters an
obstruction, at which point it will capture an image of the
region and send it to the control room. In order to create an
autonomous robotic system, a Raspberry Pi coupled to a
camera is required.
II. METHODOLOGY
2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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The night vision camera is mounted on the
Raspberry Pi in this suggested system to help the system
go for automation and help find the human or any problem
detected using the sound sensor, and it automatically goes
to that region and captures the image and sends it to the
user using IOT technology.
The robot starts at some place and continues to
move, but stops at some spots to listen for any sounds; if
any are detected, the robot stops, otherwise it continues to
move. It is made up of four infrared sensors. While
patrolling, the robot moves in a predetermined line and
follows a predetermined path. If sound is detected, it stops
at specific points and carries on to the next. A sound
sensor is utilised to detect any sound, and if one is
detected, IR sensors set a line following path towards the
sound. The robot follows that path, capturing photographs
and transmitting them to the control room.
It resumes patrolling after sending the photos or
videos to the control room. If a sound is heard again, the
IR sensors create a line following path in the direction of
the sound, and the robot advances in that direction,
capturing the image.
Figure 1: Flow chart of women safety night patrolling
robot using IOT
If no sound is heard, it will continue patrolling
along the trail. We can avoid any harm to women in this
way.
III. PRIOR APPROACH
In the current approach, the patrol robot must be
commanded remotely by a person who must monitor the
region via remote control, necessitating the use of
additional human resources. Some solutions necessitate the
use of a smartphone to control the night vision robot.
Because some people use a local host web page, the
control range is confined to the local network. Due to a
lack of parts, autonomous operation necessitates the use of
a workforce. As a result, a great deal of human work is
required. Also, because this is a time-consuming operation,
errors may arise.
IV. OUR APPROACH
There is no requirement for regular monitoring in
our proposed system. It's completely automatic. It does not
produce any faults, and the time it takes to do any activity
is quite short, making this system a worthy robot. The IR
Sensor is utilised in this project to make the robot travel
automatically along a predetermined course. A sound
sensor is used to determine the sound level in a specific
region. The photos are collected by the camera and then
sent to the control room. A USB camera is linked to the
Raspberry Pi, and the Raspberry Pi is powered by a
battery. Using a VGA to HDMI converter cable, connect
the Raspberry Pi to the monitor via HDMI. Connect the
Raspberry Pi to a USB mouse and keyboard.
4.1 Block diagram
Figure 2: Block diagram of the women safety night
patrolling robot using IOT
V. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
5.1 Raspberry pi
The Raspberry Pi is a small, low-cost computer
the size of a credit card that connects to a computer
monitor or television and utilises a conventional keyboard
and mouse. It's a capable small device that allows
individuals of all ages to learn about computers and
programming languages like Scratch and Python. It can do
all of the functions of a desktop computer, including
3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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accessing the internet and watching high-definition video,
as well as creating spreadsheets, word editing, and playing
games.
Figure 3: Raspberry pi
The Raspberry Pi can communicate with the outside world
and has been used in a variety of digital maker projects,
including music machines and parent detectors, as well as
weather stations and tweeting birdhouses with infrared
cameras.
Characteristics
ARM1176JZ-F Low-Power Applications
Processor • Dual Core Video Core IV Multimedia
Co-Processor • 1080p30 Full HD HP H.264
Video Encoder / Decoder • Advanced Image
Sensor Pipeline (ISP) • Low-power, high-
performance display outputs At 1080p60, a high-
resolution LCD and HDMI with HDCP are
displayed simultaneously.
5.2 Battery
The fastest-growing and most promising battery
chemistry is lithium-ion. A lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a
high-performance battery that employs lithium ions as a
key component of its electrochemistry. Lithium atoms in
the anode are ionised and separated from their electrons
during a discharge cycle. The lithium ions go from the
anode via the electrolyte to the cathode, where they
recombine with their electrons and become electrically
neutral. Between the anode and the cathode, the lithium
ions are tiny enough to pass through a micro-permeable
separator. Li-ion batteries can have a very high voltage and
charge storage per unit mass and volume, thanks in part to
lithium's tiny size (third only to hydrogen and helium).
Figure 4: Battery
The electrodes of Li-ion batteries can be made of
a variety of materials. The most popular combination is
lithium cobalt oxide (cathode) and graphite (anode), which
can be found in cell phones and computers. Lithium
manganese oxide (used in hybrid and electric vehicles) and
lithium iron phosphate are two other cathode materials.
Ether (a class of organic chemicals) is commonly used as
an electrolyte in Li-ion batteries.
5.3 L293D Driver Circuit
The L293D IC is typically packaged in a 16-pin
DIP package (dual-in line package). With just four
microcontroller pins, this motor driver IC can operate two
tiny motors in any direction: forward or backward (if you
do not use enable pins).
Description
It is based on the H-bridge concept. The H-bridge
is a circuit that permits current to flow in both directions.
Because voltage must change direction in order to rotate
the motor in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction,
H-bridge ICs are perfect for driving a DC motor. In a
single l293d chip, there are two h-Bridge circuits that can
independently rotate two dc motors. It is often utilised in
robotic applications for controlling DC motors due to its
size. The pin diagram for an L293D motor controller is
shown below.
Figure 5: Pin diagram of L293D
On the l293d, there are two Enable pins. Pin 1
and pin 9 must both be high in order to drive the motor.
Pin 1 must be enabled to high in order to drive the motor
with the left H-bridge. You'll also need to raise pin 9 for
the right H-Bridge. The motor in the relevant segment will
stop functioning if either pin1 or pin9 goes low. It's as
though a switch has been flipped.
5.4 Infrared Sensor
A line follower or obstacle avoider robot can
benefit greatly from the use of an infrared sensor. In this
project, a simple infrared sensor is used to identify an
object that is around 6-7 cm away. An infrared sensor is
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nothing more than a diode that detects infrared radiation.
The IR TX-RX pair is an infrared transmitter and receiver.
Figure 6: Infrared sensor
Working of IR
The functioning mechanism of an infrared sensor
is entirely reliant on changes in the resistance of the IR
receiver. In this sensor, the IR receiver is connected in
reverse bias, resulting in a very high resistance when not
exposed to IR light. The resistance in this example is in the
Mega ohm range, however when IR light is reflected back
and falls on the IR receiver, the resistance is much lower.
Rx has a resistance range of a few hundred ohms to a few
thousand ohms. This change in resistance is converted to a
voltage change. The voltage is then applied to a
comparator IC, which compares it to a predetermined
threshold level. If the sensor voltage exceeds the threshold,
the output is high; otherwise, it is low and can be used
directly by the microcontroller.
5.5 USB Camera
A USB camera is a video camera that feeds or
streams an image or video to or through a computer
network, such as the Internet, in real time. Small cameras
that sit on a desk, attach to a user's monitor, or are
incorporated into the hardware are the most common. This
is used in this project to take photos, record videos, and
broadcast live.
Figure 7: USB Camera
USB cameras are imaging cameras that transfer
image data using USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 technology. USB
cameras use the same USB technology that is present on
most laptops to connect to specialised computer systems.
USB Cameras are suited for various photographic
applications due to the widespread use of USB technology
in computer systems and the 480 Mb/s transfer rate of
USB 2.0.
A growing number of USB 3.0 cameras with data
transfer rates of up to 5 Gb/s are also available. Edmund
Optics offers a wide range of USB cameras to address a
wide range of image requirements. EO USB Cameras are
available with both CMOS and CCD sensors, allowing
them to be used in a wider range of applications. Most
USB cameras come with pre-installed capability for simple
setup, and software can be downloaded for most models.
USB cameras that operate on low-power USB connections,
such as those used on laptops, may require a separate
power supply.
5.6 Sound Sensor
One sort of module used to detect sound is the
sound sensor. This module is typically used to detect
sound intensity. Switch, security, and monitoring are some
of the most common uses for this module. For convenience
of use, the accuracy of this sensor can be modified. A
microphone is used to provide input to the buffer, peak
detector, and amplifier in this sensor. When a sound is
detected, this sensor sends an o/p voltage signal to a
microcontroller. Following that, it does the necessary
processing.
This sensor can detect noise levels in DBs (decibels) at
frequencies between 3 and 6 kHz, which is roughly where
the human ear is sensitive. To measure the sound level, an
android application called decibel metre is available for
smart phones.
Figure 8: Sound sensor
Pin Configuration
This sensor includes three pins which include the
following.
Pin1 (VCC): 3.3V DC to 5V DC
Pin2 (GND): This is aground pin
Pin3 (DO): This is an output pin
Working Principle
This sensor's functioning concept is similar to that
of human ears. Because the human eye has a diaphragm,
the diaphragm's primary job is to convert vibrations into
signals. This sensor, on the other hand, employs a
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microphone whose primary job is to convert vibrations
into current rather than voltage.
5.7 WiFi Module
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip from a
Shanghai-based Chinese manufacturer that includes a full
TCP/IP stack and MCU (microcontroller unit)
functionality. The ESP-01 module, created by a third-party
producer, AI-Thinker, first brought the chip to the notice
of western makers in August 2014. Using Hayes-style
commands, this little module allows microcontrollers to
connect to a Wi-Fi network and make rudimentary TCP/IP
communications. There was, however, almost little
English-language documentation about the chip and the
commands it received at the time. Many hackers were
attracted to the module, chip, and software on it, as well as
to translate the Chinese documentation, due to the low
price and the fact that there were few external components
on the module, implying that it may someday be very
affordable in bulk.
Figure 9: ESP8266 WiFi module
Features
802.11 b/g/n protocol
Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP
Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power
amplifier and matching network
Integrated PLL, regulators, and power
management units
+19.5dBm output power in 802.11b mode
Integrated temperature sensor
Supports antenna diversity
Power down leakage current of < 10uA
Integrated low power 32-bit CPU could be used
as application processor
SDIO 2.0, SPI, UART
STBC, 1×1 MIMO, 2×1 MIMO
A-MPDU & A-MSDU aggregation & 0.4µs guard
interval
5.8 DC Motor
The DC is most typically employed in industrial
applications such as automation technologies for high-tech
gadgets. It's a self-contained electrical device that spins
machine parts with high precision and efficiency. This
motor's output shaft can also be adjusted to a certain angle.
These are commonly found in consumer electronics, toys,
automobiles, aeroplanes, and a variety of other equipment.
Figure 10: DC Motor
Definition: A rotary actuator or motor that provides for
exact control of angular position, acceleration, and velocity
is known as a DC motor. In essence, it possesses qualities
that a standard motor lacks. As a result, it employs a
standard motor in conjunction with a position feedback
sensor.
Principle of working
The angle of rotation of a DC motor is regulated
by the duration of the pulse delivered to its control PIN,
according to the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) concept.
Applications
Robotics
Conveyor belts
Camera auto focus
VI. SOFTWARE
6.1 Python
Python is a high-level, general-purpose
programming language that is interpreted. Python's design
philosophy prioritises code readability, as evidenced by its
extensive use of indentation. Its language elements and
object-oriented approach are aimed at assisting
programmers in writing clear, logical code for both small
and large-scale projects. Python is designed to be a
language that is simple to understand. Its formatting is
clean and uncomplicated, and it frequently uses English
terms instead of punctuation in other languages. It does not
employ curly brackets to delimit blocks, unlike many other
languages, and semicolons after statements are allowed but
seldom, if ever, utilised. In comparison to C, it features
fewer syntactic exceptions and special instances.
6.2 Raspbian OS
The Raspberry Pi's operating system is housed on
a micro SD card. The operating system must be installed
on the card if it does not already exist. The operating
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system on your Raspberry Pi can be set up in a variety of
ways. Raspberry Pi OS (formerly known as Raspbian) is a
Debian-based operating system for the Raspberry Pi. The
Raspberry Pi Foundation has officially released it as the
primary operating system for the Raspberry Pi line of
small single-board computers since 2015. Mike Thompson
and Peter Green produced the first version of Raspbian as
a side project. The first phase of construction was finished
in June 2012.
VII. APPLICATIONS
Used for the safety of women.
Used for the safety of children.
Used for the safety of physically challenged
people.
Applicable as a legal evidence of crime.
Remote regions can likewise be investigated.
Used to record and send video of the necessary
condition.
VIII. ADVANTAGES
Cost efficient.
Automatic control.
Quick response.
Reduced error.
IX. CONCLUSION
Women can never feel afraid or helpless in any
situation, and they can defend themselves even late at
night. These methods will also aid authorities in
apprehending and tracking down the criminals. Because
women's safety is an issue in many parts of the world, this
robot can prove to be a valuable resource.
FUTURE SCOPE
There are numerous enhancements to the current
design and technology that can be made, as well
as numerous extra features that may be
introduced.
Different types of sensors, such as temperature
sensors, pressure sensors, heat sensors, position
sensors, and proximity sensors, can be used to use
robots in many fields.
A wireless network can be used to create a
multipurpose robot, with applications ranging
from surveillance and home security to industrial
applications where the user does not need to be
physically present at the work site but may do it
from his house.
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