Crude birth and death rates are broad indicators of fertility and mortality because they do not account for differences in age or sex among populations. They show the rate of population increase or decrease. Fertility rates are often highest in less economically developed countries between ages 15-49 due to lower education rates and cultural beliefs that increase birth rates. Niger has one of Africa's highest fertility rates of 51.26 births per 1000 people. Mortality rates are lower in more economically developed countries due to better healthcare reducing death rates, as seen in Germany which has a low birth rate and increased life expectancy.

1. Why are crude birth and death rates regarded as only broad indicators of fertility and mortality The Crude Birth Rate is the number of births per !000 people in a given population. Crude Death Rate is the number ofdeaths respectively among a population per 1000 people. it does not take into account age or sex differences among the population . Birth and death rates are broad indicators because the determine the rate at which the population of a country will increase .

2. Indicators to fertility In most cases we find LEDCs with the highest fertility rate between the ages (15-49) years of the economically active dependents of the population structure. This is because not all of them are educated increasing the rate at which the give birth ,for either religious or culture believes. An example is Niger which has one of the highest fertility rates in Africa of about 51.26 birth rate per 1000 population. Increasing its population.

3. Indicators to mortality In most MEDCs there is little mortality rate because of improved technology in health care reducing the amount of death rates. An example is Germany ,this is because it has a low amount of birth rates per year reducing the young dependents population and increasing the life expectancy of its country.