During World War 1 and 2 in France, population growth was low due to high death rates and low birth rates. Men were conscripted into the army, many died in battle, and reproduction was halted. Death rates were high in villages and towns targeted during the wars due to bombings and injuries. In England and Wales, stage 2 of the demographic transition saw vaccination and public health acts lower death rates through reduced disease spread. Banning child labor and poor laws increased birth rates. Stage 3 brought deliberate family restriction, and world wars lowered birth rates while improving health care lowered death rates.

2. Villages and towns targeted during the wars (like Paris), had high death rates from impact of the bomb, as high well as injury related deaths.

4. Give a more detailed account of stages 2 and 3 of the demographic transition in England and Wales.

5. England Wales Stage 2Vaccination against small pox in 1798 by Jenner, lead to lower death rates. Public Health Act in 1848 established boars of health to ensure proper drainage was installed and access to water supply was available. Public Health Act lead to a decrease of death rates because of a reduced rate of spread of communicable diseases. In 1833 factories ban child labor, thus reducing mortality rate among children.1834 Poor Law Amendment Act was implemented, this lead to an increase in birth rates.1868 Local authorities condemn unfit buildings, reducing deaths from collapsing buildings.Stage 31876 family size is deliberately restricted.World War 1 leads to a decrease in birth rates.1921 local councils treat TB leading to lower death rates. Implementation of National insurance against sickness in 1911 lead to a drop in death rates.Registration of birth rates was made compulsory in 1874.World War 1 leads to a drop in birth rates and a rise in death rates.