Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a supervised learning model used for classification and regression analysis. It finds the optimal separating hyperplane between classes that maximizes the margin between them. Kernel functions like polynomial, RBF, and sigmoid kernels allow SVMs to perform nonlinear classification by mapping inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces. The optimization problem of finding the hyperplane is solved using techniques like Lagrange multipliers and the Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) algorithm, which breaks the large QP problem into smaller subproblems solved analytically. SMO selects pairs of examples to update their Lagrange multipliers until convergence.
Presentation in Vietnam Japan AI Community in 2019-05-26.
The presentation summarizes what I've learned about Regularization in Deep Learning.
Disclaimer: The presentation is given in a community event, so it wasn't thoroughly reviewed or revised.
Presentation in Vietnam Japan AI Community in 2019-05-26.
The presentation summarizes what I've learned about Regularization in Deep Learning.
Disclaimer: The presentation is given in a community event, so it wasn't thoroughly reviewed or revised.
Recurrent Neural Networks have shown to be very powerful models as they can propagate context over several time steps. Due to this they can be applied effectively for addressing several problems in Natural Language Processing, such as Language Modelling, Tagging problems, Speech Recognition etc. In this presentation we introduce the basic RNN model and discuss the vanishing gradient problem. We describe LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). We also discuss Bidirectional RNN with an example. RNN architectures can be considered as deep learning systems where the number of time steps can be considered as the depth of the network. It is also possible to build the RNN with multiple hidden layers, each having recurrent connections from the previous time steps that represent the abstraction both in time and space.
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2018-dlai/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks or Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles of deep learning from both an algorithmic and computational perspectives.
발표자: 이인웅 (연세대 박사과정)
발표일: 2017.12.
개요:
영상에서 사람의 행동을 인식하는 방법은 크게 영상에서 직접적으로 행동 라벨을 추출하는 것과 자세 정보를 기반으로 행동 라벨을 추출하는 것으로 나뉠 수 있습니다.
본 발표는 행동 인식에 대한 전반적인 개요를 설명하고 그 중에서도 사람의 자세 정보를 기반으로 하는 행동 인식 기술에 초점을 두고 최근 ICCV 2017 학회에서 발표된 Temporal Sliding LSTM 네트워크를 활용한 행동 인식 기술을 중점적으로 설명합니다. 구체적으로, 스켈레톤 기반 행동 인식 이슈, 제안하는 방법과 실험 결과들이 소개되고 앞으로 나아갈 만한 새로운 연구 이슈들도 추가적으로 설명합니다.
This presentation on Recurrent Neural Network will help you understand what is a neural network, what are the popular neural networks, why we need recurrent neural network, what is a recurrent neural network, how does a RNN work, what is vanishing and exploding gradient problem, what is LSTM and you will also see a use case implementation of LSTM (Long short term memory). Neural networks used in Deep Learning consists of different layers connected to each other and work on the structure and functions of the human brain. It learns from huge volumes of data and used complex algorithms to train a neural net. The recurrent neural network works on the principle of saving the output of a layer and feeding this back to the input in order to predict the output of the layer. Now lets deep dive into this presentation and understand what is RNN and how does it actually work.
Below topics are explained in this recurrent neural networks tutorial:
1. What is a neural network?
2. Popular neural networks?
3. Why recurrent neural network?
4. What is a recurrent neural network?
5. How does an RNN work?
6. Vanishing and exploding gradient problem
7. Long short term memory (LSTM)
8. Use case implementation of LSTM
Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course will transform you into an expert in deep learning techniques using TensorFlow, the open-source software library designed to conduct machine learning & deep neural network research. With our deep learning course, you'll master deep learning and TensorFlow concepts, learn to implement algorithms, build artificial neural networks and traverse layers of data abstraction to understand the power of data and prepare you for your new role as deep learning scientist.
Why Deep Learning?
It is one of the most popular software platforms used for deep learning and contains powerful tools to help you build and implement artificial neural networks.
Advancements in deep learning are being seen in smartphone applications, creating efficiencies in the power grid, driving advancements in healthcare, improving agricultural yields, and helping us find solutions to climate change. With this Tensorflow course, you’ll build expertise in deep learning models, learn to operate TensorFlow to manage neural networks and interpret the results.
And according to payscale.com, the median salary for engineers with deep learning skills tops $120,000 per year.
You can gain in-depth knowledge of Deep Learning by taking our Deep Learning certification training course. With Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course, you will prepare for a career as a Deep Learning engineer as you master concepts and techniques including supervised and unsupervised learning, mathematical and heuristic aspects, and hands-on modeling to develop algorithms. Those who complete the course will be able to:
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2017-dlcv/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks and Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles and applications of deep learning to computer vision problems, such as image classification, object detection or image captioning.
A presentation on Human Activity Recognition catered to the audience from an HCI or CS background. (Based on research by Bulling, A. et al. 2014. A tutorial on human activity recognition using body-worn inertial sensors. CSUR. 46, 3 (2014), 33.)
Part 1 of the Deep Learning Fundamentals Series, this session discusses the use cases and scenarios surrounding Deep Learning and AI; reviews the fundamentals of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and perceptrons; discuss the basics around optimization beginning with the cost function, gradient descent, and backpropagation; and activation functions (including Sigmoid, TanH, and ReLU). The demos included in these slides are running on Keras with TensorFlow backend on Databricks.
Recurrent Neural Networks have shown to be very powerful models as they can propagate context over several time steps. Due to this they can be applied effectively for addressing several problems in Natural Language Processing, such as Language Modelling, Tagging problems, Speech Recognition etc. In this presentation we introduce the basic RNN model and discuss the vanishing gradient problem. We describe LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). We also discuss Bidirectional RNN with an example. RNN architectures can be considered as deep learning systems where the number of time steps can be considered as the depth of the network. It is also possible to build the RNN with multiple hidden layers, each having recurrent connections from the previous time steps that represent the abstraction both in time and space.
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2018-dlai/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks or Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles of deep learning from both an algorithmic and computational perspectives.
발표자: 이인웅 (연세대 박사과정)
발표일: 2017.12.
개요:
영상에서 사람의 행동을 인식하는 방법은 크게 영상에서 직접적으로 행동 라벨을 추출하는 것과 자세 정보를 기반으로 행동 라벨을 추출하는 것으로 나뉠 수 있습니다.
본 발표는 행동 인식에 대한 전반적인 개요를 설명하고 그 중에서도 사람의 자세 정보를 기반으로 하는 행동 인식 기술에 초점을 두고 최근 ICCV 2017 학회에서 발표된 Temporal Sliding LSTM 네트워크를 활용한 행동 인식 기술을 중점적으로 설명합니다. 구체적으로, 스켈레톤 기반 행동 인식 이슈, 제안하는 방법과 실험 결과들이 소개되고 앞으로 나아갈 만한 새로운 연구 이슈들도 추가적으로 설명합니다.
This presentation on Recurrent Neural Network will help you understand what is a neural network, what are the popular neural networks, why we need recurrent neural network, what is a recurrent neural network, how does a RNN work, what is vanishing and exploding gradient problem, what is LSTM and you will also see a use case implementation of LSTM (Long short term memory). Neural networks used in Deep Learning consists of different layers connected to each other and work on the structure and functions of the human brain. It learns from huge volumes of data and used complex algorithms to train a neural net. The recurrent neural network works on the principle of saving the output of a layer and feeding this back to the input in order to predict the output of the layer. Now lets deep dive into this presentation and understand what is RNN and how does it actually work.
Below topics are explained in this recurrent neural networks tutorial:
1. What is a neural network?
2. Popular neural networks?
3. Why recurrent neural network?
4. What is a recurrent neural network?
5. How does an RNN work?
6. Vanishing and exploding gradient problem
7. Long short term memory (LSTM)
8. Use case implementation of LSTM
Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course will transform you into an expert in deep learning techniques using TensorFlow, the open-source software library designed to conduct machine learning & deep neural network research. With our deep learning course, you'll master deep learning and TensorFlow concepts, learn to implement algorithms, build artificial neural networks and traverse layers of data abstraction to understand the power of data and prepare you for your new role as deep learning scientist.
Why Deep Learning?
It is one of the most popular software platforms used for deep learning and contains powerful tools to help you build and implement artificial neural networks.
Advancements in deep learning are being seen in smartphone applications, creating efficiencies in the power grid, driving advancements in healthcare, improving agricultural yields, and helping us find solutions to climate change. With this Tensorflow course, you’ll build expertise in deep learning models, learn to operate TensorFlow to manage neural networks and interpret the results.
And according to payscale.com, the median salary for engineers with deep learning skills tops $120,000 per year.
You can gain in-depth knowledge of Deep Learning by taking our Deep Learning certification training course. With Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course, you will prepare for a career as a Deep Learning engineer as you master concepts and techniques including supervised and unsupervised learning, mathematical and heuristic aspects, and hands-on modeling to develop algorithms. Those who complete the course will be able to:
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2017-dlcv/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks and Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles and applications of deep learning to computer vision problems, such as image classification, object detection or image captioning.
A presentation on Human Activity Recognition catered to the audience from an HCI or CS background. (Based on research by Bulling, A. et al. 2014. A tutorial on human activity recognition using body-worn inertial sensors. CSUR. 46, 3 (2014), 33.)
Part 1 of the Deep Learning Fundamentals Series, this session discusses the use cases and scenarios surrounding Deep Learning and AI; reviews the fundamentals of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and perceptrons; discuss the basics around optimization beginning with the cost function, gradient descent, and backpropagation; and activation functions (including Sigmoid, TanH, and ReLU). The demos included in these slides are running on Keras with TensorFlow backend on Databricks.
View classification of medical x ray images using pnn classifier, decision tr...eSAT Journals
Abstract: In this era of electronic advancements in the field of medical image processing, the quantum of medical X-ray images so produced exorbitantly can be effectively addressed by means of automated indexing, comparing, analysing and annotating that will really be pivotal to the radiologists in interpreting and diagnosing the diseases. In order to envisage such an objective, it has been humbly endeavoured in this paper by proposing an efficient methodology that takes care of the view classification of the X-ray images for the automated annotation from their vast database, with which the decision making for the physicians and radiologists becomes simpler despite an immeasurable and ever-growing trends of the X-ray images. In this paper, X-ray images of six different classes namely chest, head, foot, palm, spine and neck have been collected. The framework proposed in this paper involves the following: The images are pre-processed using M3 filter and segmentation by Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, followed by feature extraction through Discrete Wavelet Transform. The orientation of X-ray images has been performed in this work by comparing among the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), Decision Tree algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM), while the PNN yields an accuracy of 75%, the Decision Tree with 92.77% and the SVM of 93.33%. Key Words: M3 filter, Expectation Maximaization, Discrete Wavelet Transformation, Probabilistic Neural Network, Decision Tree Algorithm and Support Vector Machine.
Mri brain image segmentatin and classification by modified fcm &svm akorithmeSAT Journals
Abstract Brain Tumor detection is challenging task in biomedical field. Image segmentation is a key step from the image processing to image analysis, it occupy an important place. The manual segmentation of brain image is challenging and time consuming task. An automated system overcomes the drawbacks as well as it segments the white matter, grey matter, cerebrospinal fluid and edema. This clustering approach is particularly used for brain tumor detection in abnormal MR images. In this paper the application of Modified FCM algorithm for Brain tumor detection and its classification by SVM algorithm is focused. The Magnetic Resonance image is converted in to vector format and that is given as input to the modified fuzzy c-means algorithm. In modified fuzzy c-means the steps are: initial fuzzy partitioning and fuzzy membership generation Cluster updation based on objective function, Assigning labels to pixels of each category and display segmented image that will give more meaningful regions to analyze. This clustered images served as inputs to SVM. The basic SVM takes a set of input data and predicts, for each given input, which of two possible classes. Keywords: Clustering, Classification, Fuzz C-Means, Support Vector Machine, MRI, Brain Tumor.
Patent Basics and Intellectual Property Rights Rahul Dev
Intellectual Property Rights, Basics of Patents, Case Studies & Examples for Business Owners Technology Companies, Startups and Research Institutes - Expert insights by patent attorneys and international business lawyers - http://www.techlaw.attorney
In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks[1]) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data and recognize patterns, used for classification and regression analysis. The basic SVM takes a set of input data and predicts, for each given input, which of two possible classes forms the output, making it a non-probabilistic binary linear classifier.
Paper Study: Melding the data decision pipelineChenYiHuang5
Melding the data decision pipeline: Decision-Focused Learning for Combinatorial Optimization from AAAI2019.
Derive the math equation from myself and match the same result as two mentioned CMU papers [Donti et. al. 2017, Amos et. al. 2017] while applying the same derivation procedure.
Anomaly detection using deep one class classifier홍배 김
- Anomaly detection의 다양한 방법을 소개하고
- Support Vector Data Description (SVDD)를 이용하여
cluster의 모델링을 쉽게 하도록 cluster의 형상을 단순화하고
boundary근방의 애매한 point를 처리하는 방법 소개
Tong is a data scientist in Supstat Inc and also a master students of Data Mining. He has been an active R programmer and developer for 5 years. He is the author of the R package of XGBoost, one of the most popular and contest-winning tools on kaggle.com nowadays.
Agenda:
Introduction of Xgboost
Real World Application
Model Specification
Parameter Introduction
Advanced Features
Kaggle Winning Solution
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2017-dlai/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks or Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles of deep learning from both an algorithmic and computational perspectives.
Jay Yagnik at AI Frontiers : A History Lesson on AIAI Frontiers
We have reached a remarkable point in history with the evolution of AI, from applying this technology to incredible use cases in healthcare, to addressing the world's biggest humanitarian and environmental issues. Our ability to learn task-specific functions for vision, language, sequence and control tasks is getting better at a rapid pace. This talk will survey some of the current advances in AI, compare AI to other fields that have historically developed over time, and calibrate where we are in the relative advancement timeline. We will also speculate about the next inflection points and capabilities that AI can offer down the road, and look at how those might intersect with other emergent fields, e.g. Quantum computing.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
4. Definition
● Supervised learning model with associated
learning algorithms that analyze and recognize
patterns.
● Application:
- Machine learning.
- Pattern recognition.
- classification and regression analysis.
5. Binary Classifier
● Given set of Points P={ such that
and } .
build model that assign new example to
( X i ,Y i) X i ∈R
d
Y i ∈{−1,1}
{−1,1}
6. Question
● What if the examples are not linearly
separable?
http://openclassroom.stanford.edu/MainFolder/DocumentPage.php?course=MachineLearning&doc=exercises/ex8/ex8.html
8. Kernel Function
● SVM can efficiently perform non linear
classification using Kernel trick.
● Kernel trick map the input into high dimension
space where the examples become linearly
separable.
12. Polynomial Kernel Function
Where d: degree of polynomial, and c is free
parameter trade off between the influence of
higher and lower order terms in polynomials.
k ( X ,Y )=(γ∗< X ,Y > + c)
d
13. Gaussian RBF Kernel
Where denote square euclidean
distance.
Other form:
k ( X ,Y )=exp(
∣∣X −Y∣∣
2
−2∗σ
)
∣∣X −Y∣∣
2
k ( X ,Y )=exp(−¿ γ∗∣∣X −Y∣∣
2
)
16. Optimization Problem
● Need to find hyperplane with maximum margin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_vector_machine
17. Optimization Problem
● Distance between two hyperplanes = .
● Goal:
1- minimize ||W||.
2- prevent points to fall into margin.
● Constraint:
and
together:
, st:
2
∣∣W∣∣
W.X i−b≥1 forY i=1 W.X i−b≤−1 forY i=−1
yi (W.X i−b)≥1 for 1≤i≤nmin(W ,b)
∣∣W∣∣
18. Optimization Problem
● Mathematically convenient:
, st:
● By Lagrange multiplier , the problem become
quadratic optimization problem.
arg min(W ,b)
1
2
∣∣W∣∣
2
yi (W.X i−b)≥1
arg min(W ,b) max(α> 0)
1
2
∣∣W∣∣
2
−∑
i=1
n
αi [ yi (W.X i−b)−1]
19. Optimization Problem
● The solution can be expressed in linear
combination of :
.
for these points in support vector.
X i
W =∑
1
n
αi Y i X i
αi≠0
20. Optimization problem
● The QP is solved iff:
1) KKT conditions are fulfilled for every
example.
2) is semi definite positive.
● KKT conditions are:
Qi , j= yi∗y j∗k ( ⃗X i∗ ⃗X j)
αi=0⇒ yi∗ f ( ⃗xi )⩾1
0< αi< C ⇒ yi∗ f (⃗xi)⩾1
αi=C ⇒ yi∗ f ( ⃗xi )⩽1
22. Soft Margin Hyperplanes
● The soft margin hyperplanes will choose a
hyperplane that splits the examples as cleanly
as possible with maximum margin.
● Non slack variable , measure the degree of
misclassification.
ξi
24. Soft Margin Hyperplanes
● The optimization problem:
, st: , .
using Lagrange multiplier:
st: ,
arg min(W ,ξ ,b)
1
2
∣∣W∣∣
2
+
C
n
∑
1
n
ξi yi (W.X i+ b)≥1−ξi ξi≥0
∑
i=1
n
αi yi=0
W (α)=∑
i=0
n
αi−
1
2
∑
i , j=1
n
αi α j yi y j k (xi , x j)
0≤αi≤
C
n
25. ● C is essentially a regularisation parameter,
which controls the trade-off between achieving
a low error on the training data and minimising
the norm of the weights.
● After the Optimizer computes , the W can be
computed as
αi
W =∑
1
n
X i Y i αi
27. V-SVC
● In previous formula , C variable was tradeoff
between (1) minimizing training errors
(2)maximizing margin.
● Replace C by parameter V, control number of
margin errors and support vectors.
● V is upper bound of training error rate.
28. V-SVC
● The optimization problem become:
,st:
, and .
minimize(W ,ξ ,ρ)
1
2
∣∣W∣∣
2
−V ρ+
1
n
∑
1
n
ξi
yi (W.X i+ b)≥ρ−ξi ξi≥0 ρi≥0
29. V-SVC
● Using Lagrange multiplier:
St:
, and
and decision function f(X)=
minimizeα∈Rd W (α)=−
1
2
∑
i , j=1
n
αi α j Y i Y j k ( X i , X j)
0≤αi≤
1
n
∑
i=1
n
αi Y i=0 ∑
i=1
n
αi≥V
sgn(∑
i=1
n
αi yi k ( X , X i)+ b)
31. SMO Algorithm
● Sequential Minimal Optimization algorithm used
to solve quadratic programming problem.
● Algorithm:
1- select pair of examples “details are coming”.
2- optimize target function with respect to
selected pair analytically.
3- repeat until the selected pairs “step 1” is
optimized or number of iteration exceed user
defined input.
32. SMO Algorithm
2-optimize target function with respect to
selected pair analytically.
- the update on value of and depends on
the difference between the approximation error
in and .
X =Kii+ K jj−2Y i Y j Kij
αi
α j
αi α j
33. Solve for two Lagrange multipliers
http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/68391/smo-book.pdf
34. Solve for two Lagrange multipliers
http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/papers/libsvm.pdf
36. SMO Algorithm
● 1- select pair of examples:
we need to find pair (i,j) where the difference
between classification error is maximum.
The pair is optimal if the difference between
classification error is less than
(( f (xi)− yi)−( f (x j)− y j))
2
ξ
37. SMO Algorithm
1- select pair of examples “Continue”:
Define the following variables:
(Max difference) (min difference)
I0={i ,αi=0,αi ∈(0,Ci)}
I+ ,0={i ,αi=0, yi=1} I+ ,C={i ,αi=Ci , yi=1}
I−,0={i ,αi=0, yi=−1} I−,C={i ,αi=Ci , yi=−1}
maxi∈{I0∪I+ ,0∪I−,c} f (xi)− yi
min j∈{I 0∪I−,0∪I+ ,c } f (x j)− y j
38. SMO algorithm complexity
● Memory complexity: no additional matrix is
required to solve the problem. Only 2*2 Matrix
is required in each iteration.
● Memory complexity is linear on training data set
size.
● SMO algorithm is scaled between linear and
quadratic in the size of training data size.