The document discusses the suspension system of vehicles. The suspension system uses various components like springs, shock absorbers, and linkages to connect a vehicle to its wheels. It serves to protect the vehicle and passengers from road shocks and improve riding comfort while contributing to handling and braking abilities. The key components are springs that absorb shocks and dampers that restrict bouncing. Common types of springs include leaf springs, coil springs, torsion bars, and air springs. Suspension systems can be conventional, independent, air, or hydrolastic. In conclusion, suspension systems are important for protecting vehicles and providing comfortable rides.

2. WHAT IS SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 Suspension is the term given to the system of springs,
shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to
its wheels.
 Protects the vehicle itself and passengers & cargo from
damage and wear. Ensures riding comfort.
 Serves a dual purpose – contributing to the car's
handling and braking.

3. FUNCTION
 To prevent the road shocks from being transmitted to
the vehicle frame.
 To preserve the stability of the vehicle in pitching or
rolling.
 To safeguard the occupants from road shocks.
 To provide good road holding while driving, cornering
and braking.

4. ELEMENTS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 Spring It absorbs road shocks or impacts due to
bumps & potholes in road by oscillating. Tyres also
provide spring effect , but to a smaller extent.
 Damper It reduces the tendency of the carriage
unit to continue to bounce up and down on its springs.
Oscillation due to road shocks are restricted to a
reasonable level by damper.

5. TYPES OF SPRINGS
 Leaf spring
 Coil spring
 Torsion bars
 Air and gas spring

6. LEAF SPRING
 A leaf spring is a simple type of suspension spring
commonly used in heavy duty vehicles.
 The advantages of leaf spring over helical spring is
that the ends of the spring be guided along a definite
path as it deflects to act as a structural member in
addition to energy absorbing device.

7. COIL SPRING
 Length of spring-steel rod wound into a spiral.
 Most common type of springs used on both front
and rear suspension.
 Coils cushion and absorb the shocks and bumps.

8. TORSION BARS
 It resists twisting action and acts like a conventional
spring.
 One end is attached to the frame and the other to
the lower control arm.
 Up and down of the suspension system twists the
torsion bar.
 Then it will try to return to its original shape,
moving the control arm to its original place.

9. TORSION BARS

10. AIR AND GAS SPRINGS
 Rubber cylinder filled with air.
 Air pressure in the rubber cylinder gives the unit of
spring action.
 Special rubber compounds are used so the air spring
can operate properly in cold weather.

11. TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS
 Conventional suspension system
 Independent suspension system
 Air suspension system
 Hydrolastic suspension system

12. TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS
 Conventional Suspension System:-
 It has both right and left wheel attached to the same
solid axle. When one wheel heats a bump in the road,
its upward movement causes a slight tilt of the other
wheel.
 Independent Suspension System:-
 It allows one wheel to move up and down with
minimal effect to the other.

13. TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS
 Air Suspension System:-
 It used in place of conventional steel springs in
passenger cars, and heavy vehicle applications such as
buses and trucks.
 Hydrolastic Suspension System:-
 The system replaces the separate springs and
dampers of a conventional suspension system which
are interconnected between the front and rear wheels
on each side of the vehicle.

14. CONCLUSION
 From the whole discussion in suspension system, it is
observed that suspension system provides the energy to a
vehicle to protect itself from damaging, increasing life of
the vehicle, handing and comfort of passengers and many
more.
So, if the suspension system is removed, then ride in an
Audi or Mercedes will feel like a bull-cart ride. But the only
difference is speed. So, the scope of suspension system is
too bright.