This document describes a study that used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate and rank three suppliers (Supplier A, B, C) of a key ingredient for a bakery in Nigeria. The AHP involves breaking the decision down into a hierarchy of criteria and sub-criteria. Five main criteria were identified: quality, performance, service, cost, and supplier profile. Pairwise comparisons were made between criteria to calculate weights. Each supplier was then scored on each sub-criterion and an overall weight calculated. It was found that Supplier C provided the best overall value, though the suppliers were generally quite close in performance.
Implementation of AHP and TOPSIS Method to Determine the Priority of Improvi...AM Publications
Many problems of asset management based on audit results is an indicator of weakness implementation of asset management which adversely affects of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. All evaluation of the implementation of asset management is the first step in improving the quality of asset management. This study aims to build decision support system to help problems solving prioritization improved management of government assets with AHP and TOPSIS methods. Integration of AHP and TOPSIS methods are used to perform weighting and ranking alternatives. Weights are obtained by comparison of the level of interest criteria carried out by experts ranked. While alternative methods produced are based on the calculation method in which the best alternative has the shortest distance from the positive ideal solution and the farthest from the negative ideal solution. Alternative asset management is a low priority in the increasing in asset management. The results of this analysis, a system is used for prioritization based on defined criteria. The test results shows that the system can provide an alternative sequence that has an accuracy rate of 83% and has an average value of 4.91 of an evaluation system 5-point scale with the aspect of effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction.
PRIORITIZING THE BANKING SERVICE QUALITY OF DIFFERENT BRANCHES USING FACTOR A...ijmvsc
In recent years, India’s service industry is developing rapidly. The objective of the study is to explore the
dimensions of customer perceived service quality in the context of the Indian banking industry. In order to
categorize the customer needs into quality dimensions, Factor analysis (FA) has been carried out on
customer responses obtained through questionnaire survey. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed
to determine the weights of the banking service quality dimensions. The priority structure of the quality
dimensions provides an idea for the Banking management to allocate the resources in an effective manner
to achieve more customer satisfaction. Technique for Order Preference Similarity to Ideal Solution
(TOPSIS) is used to obtain final ranking of different branches.
Supplier Selection and Evaluation by Fuzzy-AHP Extent Analysis: A Case Study ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The ready-made garments (RMG)is a rapid
growing industry in Bangladesh and contributing
significantly in the country’s economy. Effective supplier
selection policy has significant strategic importance in the
performance of such fast moving consumer goods industry.
The supplier selection process is essentially a multi-criterion
decision making problem which, therefore, must be
developed systematically. Many models have been developed
and proposed to find optimum solutions of this complex
decision-making problem. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy
Process (Fuzzy-AHP), which is a derived extension of
classical Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP),is an excellent
method for deciding among the complex structure at
different levels. In this paper an extent analysis of FuzzyAHP has been applied to evaluate and select the best
supplier agency providing most satisfaction. The evaluation
criteria are developed particularly for an RMG
manufacturer in Bangladesh context and used successfully
in the proposed model. A detailed implementation process is
presented in this paper and finally the best supplier agency
has been proposed from the outcome of the model.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Implementation of AHP and TOPSIS Method to Determine the Priority of Improvi...AM Publications
Many problems of asset management based on audit results is an indicator of weakness implementation of asset management which adversely affects of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. All evaluation of the implementation of asset management is the first step in improving the quality of asset management. This study aims to build decision support system to help problems solving prioritization improved management of government assets with AHP and TOPSIS methods. Integration of AHP and TOPSIS methods are used to perform weighting and ranking alternatives. Weights are obtained by comparison of the level of interest criteria carried out by experts ranked. While alternative methods produced are based on the calculation method in which the best alternative has the shortest distance from the positive ideal solution and the farthest from the negative ideal solution. Alternative asset management is a low priority in the increasing in asset management. The results of this analysis, a system is used for prioritization based on defined criteria. The test results shows that the system can provide an alternative sequence that has an accuracy rate of 83% and has an average value of 4.91 of an evaluation system 5-point scale with the aspect of effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction.
PRIORITIZING THE BANKING SERVICE QUALITY OF DIFFERENT BRANCHES USING FACTOR A...ijmvsc
In recent years, India’s service industry is developing rapidly. The objective of the study is to explore the
dimensions of customer perceived service quality in the context of the Indian banking industry. In order to
categorize the customer needs into quality dimensions, Factor analysis (FA) has been carried out on
customer responses obtained through questionnaire survey. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed
to determine the weights of the banking service quality dimensions. The priority structure of the quality
dimensions provides an idea for the Banking management to allocate the resources in an effective manner
to achieve more customer satisfaction. Technique for Order Preference Similarity to Ideal Solution
(TOPSIS) is used to obtain final ranking of different branches.
Supplier Selection and Evaluation by Fuzzy-AHP Extent Analysis: A Case Study ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The ready-made garments (RMG)is a rapid
growing industry in Bangladesh and contributing
significantly in the country’s economy. Effective supplier
selection policy has significant strategic importance in the
performance of such fast moving consumer goods industry.
The supplier selection process is essentially a multi-criterion
decision making problem which, therefore, must be
developed systematically. Many models have been developed
and proposed to find optimum solutions of this complex
decision-making problem. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy
Process (Fuzzy-AHP), which is a derived extension of
classical Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP),is an excellent
method for deciding among the complex structure at
different levels. In this paper an extent analysis of FuzzyAHP has been applied to evaluate and select the best
supplier agency providing most satisfaction. The evaluation
criteria are developed particularly for an RMG
manufacturer in Bangladesh context and used successfully
in the proposed model. A detailed implementation process is
presented in this paper and finally the best supplier agency
has been proposed from the outcome of the model.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
Modelling of Vendor Selection Problem for Conventional Lathe Machine Bed by F...IJSRD
Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Conventional Lathe Machine Bed . It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Model with implementing Fuzzy System using MATLAB. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
Decision Making Using The Analytic Hierarchy ProcessVaibhav Gaikwad
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an
effective tool for dealing with complex decision making,
and may aid the decision maker to set priorities and
make the best decision. By reducing complex decisions
to a series of pairwise comparisons, and then
synthesizing the results, the AHP helps to capture both
subjective and objective aspects of a decision. In
addition, the AHP incorporates a useful technique for
checking the consistency of the decision maker’s
evaluations, thus reducing the bias in the decision
making process. In this paper we give special emphasis
to departure from consistency and its measurement and
to the use of absolute and relative measurement,
providing examples and justification for rank
preservation and reversal in relative measurement.
Predicting future sales is intended to control the number of existing stock, so the lack or excess stock can be minimized. When the number of sales can be accurately predicted, then the fulfillment of consumer demand can be prepared in a timely and cooperation with the supplier company can be maintained properly so that the company can avoid losing sales and customers. This study aims to propose a model to predict the sales quantity (multi-products) by adopting the Recency-Frequency-Monetary (RFM) concept and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. The measurement of sales prediction accuracy in this study using a standard measurement of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), which is the most important criteria in analyzing the accuracy of the prediction. The results indicate that the average MAPE value of the model was high (3.22%), so this model can be referred to as a sales prediction model.
Linear Programming Problems {Operation Research}FellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Development of Model for Quality Costing in a Medium Scale Industry-A Case StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract: Quality c o s t s pl ay s vi tal rol e in improving productivity. These costs are typically
categorized into costs of prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure. Like other activities of
business, quality costs can be programmed, budgeted, measured and analyzed to attain the objective of
better quality at lower cost. Quality costs is the basis by which investments in quality programs may be
evaluated in terms of cost improvement , profit enhancement and other benefits for plants and companies
from these programs. The cost of quality is an increasingly important issue in the debates over quality.
There was a mistaken notion that achievement of better quality requires higher costs. It was the myth that
prevented many Indian companies to invest more on quality cost related programs. In this article the
authors made an attempt to identify the different types of quality costs in a medium scale industry because
the small and medium scale industries pay very little attention towards finding and developing a system for
knowing & optimizing the cost of achieving quality. A model is proposed to identify the different quality
costs in a medium scale industry and is further implemented. It has been found some quality costs are more critical and require greater attention.
Key words: Quality costs, Quality management, Pareto analysis, Model for optimization
A Survey of Image Segmentation based on Artificial Intelligence and Evolution...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In image analysis, segmentation is the partitioning of a digital image into multiple regions (sets of
pixels), according to some homogeneity criterion. The problem of segmentation is a well-studied one in
literature and there are a wide variety of approaches that are used. Different approaches are suited to different
types of images and the quality of output of a particular algorithm is difficult to measure quantitatively due to
the fact that there may be much correct segmentation for a single image. Image segmentation denotes a process
by which a raw input image is partitioned into nonoverlapping regions such that each region is homogeneous
and the union of any two adjacent regions is heterogeneous. A segmented image is considered to be the highest
domain-independent abstraction of an input image. Image segmentation is an important processing step in many
image, video and computer vision applications. Extensive research has been done in creating many different
approaches and algorithms for image segmentation, but it is still difficult to assess whether one algorithm
produces more accurate segmentations than another, whether it be for a particular image or set of images, or
more generally, for a whole class of images.
In this paper, The Survey of Image Segmentation using Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Approach
methods that have been proposed in the literature. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. 1.
Introduction, 2.Literature review, 3.Noteworthy contributions in the field of proposed work, 4.Proposed
Methodology, 5.Expected outcome of the proposed research work, 6.Conclusion.
Keywords: Image Segmentation, Segmentation Algorithm, Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Algorithm,
Neural Network, Fuzzy Set, Clustering.
Some Soliton Solutions of Non Linear Partial Differential Equations by Tan-Co...IOSR Journals
Tan-cot method is applied to get exact soliton solutions of non-linear partial differential equations notably generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony, Zakharov-Kuznetsov Benjamin-Bona-Mahony, Kadomtsov-Petviashvilli Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and Korteweg-de Vries equations, which are important evolution equations with wide variety of physical applications. Elastic behavior and soliton fusion/fission is shown graphically and discussed physically as far as possible
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
Modelling of Vendor Selection Problem for Conventional Lathe Machine Bed by F...IJSRD
Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Conventional Lathe Machine Bed . It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Model with implementing Fuzzy System using MATLAB. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
Decision Making Using The Analytic Hierarchy ProcessVaibhav Gaikwad
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an
effective tool for dealing with complex decision making,
and may aid the decision maker to set priorities and
make the best decision. By reducing complex decisions
to a series of pairwise comparisons, and then
synthesizing the results, the AHP helps to capture both
subjective and objective aspects of a decision. In
addition, the AHP incorporates a useful technique for
checking the consistency of the decision maker’s
evaluations, thus reducing the bias in the decision
making process. In this paper we give special emphasis
to departure from consistency and its measurement and
to the use of absolute and relative measurement,
providing examples and justification for rank
preservation and reversal in relative measurement.
Predicting future sales is intended to control the number of existing stock, so the lack or excess stock can be minimized. When the number of sales can be accurately predicted, then the fulfillment of consumer demand can be prepared in a timely and cooperation with the supplier company can be maintained properly so that the company can avoid losing sales and customers. This study aims to propose a model to predict the sales quantity (multi-products) by adopting the Recency-Frequency-Monetary (RFM) concept and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. The measurement of sales prediction accuracy in this study using a standard measurement of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), which is the most important criteria in analyzing the accuracy of the prediction. The results indicate that the average MAPE value of the model was high (3.22%), so this model can be referred to as a sales prediction model.
Linear Programming Problems {Operation Research}FellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Development of Model for Quality Costing in a Medium Scale Industry-A Case StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract: Quality c o s t s pl ay s vi tal rol e in improving productivity. These costs are typically
categorized into costs of prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure. Like other activities of
business, quality costs can be programmed, budgeted, measured and analyzed to attain the objective of
better quality at lower cost. Quality costs is the basis by which investments in quality programs may be
evaluated in terms of cost improvement , profit enhancement and other benefits for plants and companies
from these programs. The cost of quality is an increasingly important issue in the debates over quality.
There was a mistaken notion that achievement of better quality requires higher costs. It was the myth that
prevented many Indian companies to invest more on quality cost related programs. In this article the
authors made an attempt to identify the different types of quality costs in a medium scale industry because
the small and medium scale industries pay very little attention towards finding and developing a system for
knowing & optimizing the cost of achieving quality. A model is proposed to identify the different quality
costs in a medium scale industry and is further implemented. It has been found some quality costs are more critical and require greater attention.
Key words: Quality costs, Quality management, Pareto analysis, Model for optimization
A Survey of Image Segmentation based on Artificial Intelligence and Evolution...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In image analysis, segmentation is the partitioning of a digital image into multiple regions (sets of
pixels), according to some homogeneity criterion. The problem of segmentation is a well-studied one in
literature and there are a wide variety of approaches that are used. Different approaches are suited to different
types of images and the quality of output of a particular algorithm is difficult to measure quantitatively due to
the fact that there may be much correct segmentation for a single image. Image segmentation denotes a process
by which a raw input image is partitioned into nonoverlapping regions such that each region is homogeneous
and the union of any two adjacent regions is heterogeneous. A segmented image is considered to be the highest
domain-independent abstraction of an input image. Image segmentation is an important processing step in many
image, video and computer vision applications. Extensive research has been done in creating many different
approaches and algorithms for image segmentation, but it is still difficult to assess whether one algorithm
produces more accurate segmentations than another, whether it be for a particular image or set of images, or
more generally, for a whole class of images.
In this paper, The Survey of Image Segmentation using Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Approach
methods that have been proposed in the literature. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. 1.
Introduction, 2.Literature review, 3.Noteworthy contributions in the field of proposed work, 4.Proposed
Methodology, 5.Expected outcome of the proposed research work, 6.Conclusion.
Keywords: Image Segmentation, Segmentation Algorithm, Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Algorithm,
Neural Network, Fuzzy Set, Clustering.
Some Soliton Solutions of Non Linear Partial Differential Equations by Tan-Co...IOSR Journals
Tan-cot method is applied to get exact soliton solutions of non-linear partial differential equations notably generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony, Zakharov-Kuznetsov Benjamin-Bona-Mahony, Kadomtsov-Petviashvilli Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and Korteweg-de Vries equations, which are important evolution equations with wide variety of physical applications. Elastic behavior and soliton fusion/fission is shown graphically and discussed physically as far as possible
Tax Morale and Its Effect on Taxpayers’ Compliance to Tax Policies of the Nig...IOSR Journals
Tax morale and its effect on taxpayers’ compliance to the tax policies of the Nigerian government was investigated. The aim of this research is to bring to bare the reason for low tax compliance in Nigeria. Primary data via structured questionnaire was used. The data were regressed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS16). The result showed that social norms, attitude towards government, tax evasion and tax avoidance have significant effect on tax morale. On the other hand, there is no significant effect of attitude towards legal system and traditional institutions on tax morale. We also established a significant positive effect of tax morale on tax compliance. The researcher therefore recommended that, tax payers should be educated to know their obligation as far as tax is concerned. The younger generation should also be educated on the need to pay tax correctly if the future of tax obedience is anything to go by. The Monarchs should also help in ensuring that their subjects obey the law of the land viz a viz tax compliance. Finally, tax payer’s monies should be used for the right purpose.
Survey of Machine Learning Techniques in Textual Document ClassificationIOSR Journals
Classification of Text Document points towards associating one or more predefined categories based
on the likelihood expressed by the training set of labeled documents. Many machine learning algorithms plays
an important role in training the system with predefined categories. The importance of Machine learning
approach has felt because of which the study has been taken up for text document classification based on the
statistical event models available. The aim of this paper is to present the important techniques and
methodologies that are employed for text documents classification, at the same time making awareness of some
of the interesting challenges that remain to be solved, focused mainly on text representation and machine
learning techniques.
Design of Adjustable Reconfigurable Wireless Single Core CORDIC based Rake Re...IOSR Journals
In wireless communication system transmitted signals are subjected to multiple reflections,
diffractions and attenuation caused by obstacles such as buildings and hills, etc. At the receiver end, multiple
copies of the transmitted signal are received that arrive at clearly distinguishable time instants and are faded by
signal cancellation. Rake receiver is a technique to combine these so called multi-paths [2] by utilizing multiple
correlation receivers allocated to those delay positions on which the significant energy arrives which achieves a
significant improvement in the SNR of the output signal. This paper shows how the rake, including dispreading
and descrambling could be replaced by a receiver that can be implemented on a CORDIC based hardware
architecture. The performance in conjunction with the computational requirements of the receiver is widely
adjustable which is significantly better than that of the conventional rake receiver
Effect of Image Quality Service and Schools Parents of Satisfaction in Surabaya.IOSR Journals
This study aimed to determine the effect of Quality of Service (X1), the image of School (X2) either partially or simultaneously to the satisfaction of Parents' (Y) in the School of Surabaya. This study has four hypotheses, namely: (1) there is an allegation of a positive and significant relationship between service quality in partial satisfaction of the Parents' School in Surabaya. (2) there are allegations about a positive and significant relationship between the partial image of the Parents 'Satisfaction (Y) in the School of Surabaya, (3) there is a suspicion of a positive and significant relationship between service quality and image simultaneously on Parents' Satisfaction in School Surabaya, (4) there is suspicion between the two independent variables and the image and quality of service, quality of service is the most significant effect on increasing Satisfaction Parents' School in Surabaya?
Fluidization Characteristics of Nano Particles with the Assist of StirrerIOSR Journals
Fluidization of ultrafine solid particles is widely used in a variety of industrial applications because of its
unusual capability of continuous powder handling, good mixing, large gas–solid contact area, and very high rates of
heat and mass transfer. As the particle size decreases the cohesive forces between particles increases. Therefore,
fluidization of ultrafine particles becomes much more difficult as compared to the larger size particles and it needs efficient method. In the present work, the fluidization experiments were conducted using air as fluidizing media and SiO2, ZnO and Al2O3
nano particles, with a size ranging from 15 to 30 nm in 2-dimensional fluidized bed with the assist of stirrer.
The fluidization behavior of the nanoparticle, including the fluidization regime, the minimum fluidization velocity, and the
bed expansion are also investigated. . The results showed that smoother fluidization was observed with increasing agitation
speed, because the agglomeration and channeling were reduced by the mechanical agitation. It was found that with the assist of stirrer ,by increasing in the speed of stirrer initial bed voidage increased and terminal velocity and agglomerate diameter decreased.
A Study of Perceived Organizational Justice, Trust, and Organisational Citize...IOSR Journals
The present organizations in which cut throat competition is there among employees, organizational justice and trust become more important to develop organizational citizenship behavior. organisation citizenship behavior is voluntary behavior on the part of employee which does not bring any reward to them. An employee who feels like citizen of organization does something extra for organization and coworkers which is not described in job description. Many previous researches proved impact of trust on organizational citizenship behavior and impact of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior. This study attempts to find out impact of trust and justice on OCB separately as well as combined impact of both the variables on OCB in service industry of Gwalior (MP, India).various statistical tools like reliability analysis and regression analysis was applied to the gathered data to fulfill the objective of the study.
Modeling and Analysis of Support Pin for Brake Spider Fixture by Fem Using An...IOSR Journals
Abstract: A fixture is designed and built to hold, support and locate every component to ensure that each is
drilled or machined with accuracy and manufactured individually. A fixture can be designed for a particular
job. A brake spider includes a spider body with a central opening and a slot for receiving a camshaft and
bracket assembly. The brake spider is attached to axle housing via the central opening. The form to be used
depends on the shape and requirement of the work piece to be machined. In the existing fixture, used for
modeling brake spider component, only five components were machined per hour. In the present work, detailed
study of brake spider component is carried out and design is modified to increase the productivity. The new
fixture design is carried out by using CATIA V5 modeling software and it is critically evaluated for the failure of
support pin component, by finite element method (FEM) using ANSYS software. This modified design is adapted
in the fabrication of fixture and is tested for its productivity. It is found that there is a considerable enhancement
in the productivity to seven components per hour with required accuracy.
Key Words: Fixture; support pin; ansys; brake spider; CATIA V5; FEM
Explanation Of The Relationship Between The Temperature And Mass Of The Black...IOSR Journals
This thesis explains the phenomenon of the lowering of the temperature of the black hole and hence less radiation of energy from the black hole (Known from the concept of Hawking Radiation) with the increase in the mass of the black hole through the concept of gravitational waves.
Computer aided environment for drawing (to set) fill in the blank from given ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: In this paper, we present Development of computer aided environment for drawing (to set) fill in the
blanks that can generate for given paragraph. The System finds fill in the blanks, blanking key generates from
the selected statement. Syntactic and lexical features are used in this process. NLP parser is used, part of speech
taggers are applied on each of these sentences to encode necessary information.
We present our work in designing and implementing the system which generate the blanks. The System is
developed in Java using JDBC which is open source.
Keyword: Natural Language Processing NLP, Key selection, POS tagging, Sentence selection
Effect of glycine as an impurity on the properties of Epsomite single crystalsIOSR Journals
Epsomite (MgSO4.7H2O) is a hydrogen bonded crystal having a wide range of applications in various fields. Pure and glycine added Epsomite (a total of six) single crystals have been grown and characterized in order to investigate the effect of glycine as an impurity on the properties of Epsomite crystals.The densities and lattice parameters observed indicate that the impurity molecules have entered into the crystal matrix. The grown crystals exhibit good optical transparency in the wavelength range 210-1100 nm. Second harmonic generation measurements indicate that they are nonlinear optically active. Results obtained through microhardness measurements follow the normal indentation size effect. Electrical (AC and DC) measurements indicate that all the six crystals grown in the present study exhibit a normal dielectric behavior and the electrical conduction is understood to be due to the protonic movement. Moreover, glycine addition is found to reduce εr value significantly indicating the possibility of Epsomite crystal becoming a low -εr value dielectric material.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Promotional Practices of Agricultural Equip...IOSR Journals
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the choice of promotional practices of agricultural equipment manufacturers and its influence on annual sales of agricultural equipments. The consumer focus, demand creation, exposure, familiarity, encouragement, reputation, existence and value creation are the factors determining the choice of promotional practices of agricultural equipments by the manufactures. Besides, the consumer focus, demand creation, familiarity, reputation and value creation are positively influencing the annual sales of agricultural equipments. The manufacturers should formulate the promotional measures not only attract the farmers and also dealers in order to increase the dealership and also sales. The manufacturers should create demand for their equipments through proper promotion mix strategies in order to make stakeholders familiar with their equipments and also keep their reputations.
A Survey of Agent Based Pre-Processing and Knowledge RetrievalIOSR Journals
Abstract: Information retrieval is the major task in present scenario as quantum of data is increasing with a
tremendous speed. So, to manage & mine knowledge for different users as per their interest, is the goal of every
organization whether it is related to grid computing, business intelligence, distributed databases or any other.
To achieve this goal of extracting quality information from large databases, software agents have proved to be
a strong pillar. Over the decades, researchers have implemented the concept of multi agents to get the process
of data mining done by focusing on its various steps. Among which data pre-processing is found to be the most
sensitive and crucial step as the quality of knowledge to be retrieved is totally dependent on the quality of raw
data. Many methods or tools are available to pre-process the data in an automated fashion using intelligent
(self learning) mobile agents effectively in distributed as well as centralized databases but various quality
factors are still to get attention to improve the retrieved knowledge quality. This article will provide a review of
the integration of these two emerging fields of software agents and knowledge retrieval process with the focus
on data pre-processing step.
Keywords: Data Mining, Multi Agents, Mobile Agents, Preprocessing, Software Agents
Shear Stress Prediction Using FEA-ANN Hybrid Modeling Of Eicher 11.10 Chassis...IOSR Journals
The chassis serves as a backbone for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. It
should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. Along with strength (Shear
Stress), an important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness (Deflection). The
main objective of the research is to develop an ANN model for shear stress prediction. The chassis frame is
made of two side members joined with a series of cross members. The number of cross members, their locations,
cross-section and the sizes of the side and the cross members becomes the design variables. The chassis frame
model is to be developed in Solid works and analyzed using Ansys. Since the no. of parameters and levels are
more, the probable models are too many. The weight reduction of the sidebar is achieved by changing the
Parameters using the orthogonal array. Then FEA is performed on those models. ANN model is prepared using
the results of FEA. For the ANN modeling, the standard back-propagation algorithm is found to be the best
choice for training the model. A multi- layer perception network is used for non-linear mapping between the
input and output parameters. This model can save material used, production cost and time
“An analytical study on medal tally of top ten countries in 2012 Olympic Game...IOSR Journals
The origin of the ancient Olympic Games is lost the midst of pre-history, but for many centuries they
were only a festival of the Greek people. The Games were first held in honour of the Greek God, Zeus in 776
BC in the plain of kingdom of Elis, nestled in lush valley between the Alpheus River and Mount Kronion, 15
km from the Ionian Sea. The Olympiad celebrated that year was considered as the first and was used to date
subsequent historic events.
Uniform particle distribution by a newer method in composite metal of Al/SiCIOSR Journals
Abstract: Preparation of composites of metal with ceramic particle reinforced through the casting process
is not uniform because of poor wet ability. The major difficulty is to get a uniform distribution of
reinforcement especially in higher volume fractions. An innovative method of producing cast composites is
tried in present study to overcome this problem we need homogeneity of matrix. The method involves multi
axis rotation of liquid aluminum and silicon carbide particulates packed in a steel pipe inside a rotating drum.
Up to 65 % volume of the metal (aluminum)is incorporated by SIC by this technique. Physical Properties
like hardness, micro hardness, densities and microstructures have been studied. The distribution of
particles as well the mechanical properties are better as compared to that of stir cast composites with similar
volume fraction of silicon carbide reinforcement. The composite with 65-volume percentage of silicon carbide
of particulates showed a Rockwell Hardness value of 67Rb.In few locations the microstructure showed a
non-uniform distribution which can be neglected . There were segregation of silicon carbide particles at a
particular location and the hardness obtained there was much higher. The particle distribution is a result
of the combined influence of random mixing of particles and liquid aluminum and the solidification pattern
obtained.
Key word: Multi axis rotation, microstructure, MMC, Al- SIC matrix
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Selection of educational grant is a key success factor for student learning and academic performance. Among popular methods, this paper contributes a real problem of selecting educational grant using data of grant application forms by one of the multi criteria decision making model, SAW method. This paper introduces nine criteria that are qualitative and positive for selecting grant for the students amongst fifteen application forms and also ranking them. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated in a case study on selecting educational grant for students. Kyi Kyi Myint | Tin Tin Soe | Myint Myint Toe ""Grant Selection Process Using Simple Additive Weighting Approach"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25169.pdf
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Making Methods must be used due to their ability of converting an intricate quandary to a paired
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methods such as; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and
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manufacturing
MCDM Techniques for the Selection of Material Handling Equipment in the Autom...IJMER
Abstract: Material Handling Equipments are utilized in different shops of an automobile industry.
For culling congruous Material Handling Equipment, it is felt that some Multi Criteria Decision
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Implementation and Validation of Supplier Selection Model for Shaper Machine ...IJSRD
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Supplier ranking and selection in a bakery
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 9, Issue 1 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 10-15
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Supplier ranking and selection in a bakery
Anyaeche1
, C.O. And Abegunde2
, A.S.
1,2
Department of Industrial and Production EngineeringUniversity of Ibadan, Ibadan,Nigeria.
Abstract:Supplier evaluation and selection is a fundamental problem in supply chain management. Many
companies may not know how to evaluate proposed suppliers to integrate the different criteria upon which they
want to make their decision. A number of techniques have been employed to solve this problem but were not
able tosufficiently incorporate qualitative criteria into consideration for estimation of their alternatives.
A multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which takes
into consideration both quantitative and qualitative criteria, was used to evaluate three suppliers of improvers
(a major ingredient) for bread production in a bakery,UIB, in southwest Nigeria. This method uses a ranking
scale when comparing alternatives. A consistency ratio is estimated when data have been collected to check for
the consistency of judgments to ensure an accurate result is obtained with the method.
It was discovered that Supplier C adds more value to UIB because it had the highest priority weight of 0.346,
although it was keenly followed by suppliers B and C with weights 0.336 and 0.317 respectively.
Results showed that each supplier fared well under one criteria or the other and there was a generally
good performance from all suppliers.
Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process, Supplier Evaluation, Multi-criteria Decision Making.
I. Introduction
Supply Chain Management (SCM) encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in
sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes
coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service
providers, and customers. In essence, SCM integrates supply and demand management within and across
companies [1]. Suppliers are very important in the supply chain because their performances not only influence
the benefits of the core enterprise in the Supply Chain (SC) but also determine whether a win-win situation can
be achieved or not. Therefore, supplier selection is both a key problem and a tough one.
Some decision-making methods have been developed, one of which is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
technique , as useful and simple methods to deal with decision making problems.
1.1 Problem Definition
During the last decade, manufacturing industries have been passing through a phase of very tough
competition. In this context, effective supply chain management is vital to the competitiveness of manufacturing
enterprises, as it directly impacts on their ability to meet changing market demands in a timely and cost effective
manner. The SC can be a network of companies which influence each other. The complexity and the large
network affect one another’s performance.Karthik (2006) [2] observe that the objective of the supply chain is to
maximize the difference between the worth of the final product to the customer and the effort the supply chain
expended in fulfilling the customer needs.This problem of balance appears not to have been fully resolved. This
work is a modest attempt to contribute to the solution by focusing on the methodology for identifying the
criteria for supply evaluation and the relative importance and priority. In the supply chain literature [3], the
supplier selection problem is treated as an optimization problem that requires formulating a single objective
function. However, not all supplier selection criteria can be quantified. The AHP makes it possible for
qualitative and quantitative criteria to be considered. This is the trust of the work.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives of this study are as follows:
1. Identify criteria for supplier evaluation.
2. Apply the AHP to evaluate the suppliers from a selected bakery.
3. Make recommendations based on the evaluation of the suppliers.
II. Literature Review
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) deliveredby [4] is often referred to, eponymously, as the Saaty
method. It is popular and widely used, especially in military analysis, though it is not restricted to military
problems[5].
2. Supplier ranking and selection in a bakery
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Many authors have studied the subject of supplier evaluation and selection. Most of these models used finalize
the supplier selection decision-making process based on a set of supplier performance criteria [6]; [7]. Two of
these models are summarized as follows:
2.1 Vendor profile analysis
Vendor profit analysis is a modified weighted point model [8]. Using Thompson’s notations (see
Equation (1)) the vendor profit analysis model can be expressed as follows:
Sjk= 𝑤𝑖 𝑝𝑖𝑗𝑘
𝑛
𝑖 (1)
Where Sjk is summated score for vendor j on iteration k of the simulation; wi is importance weight attached to
evaluative criteria i; pijk denote the performance rating on evaluative criteria i for vendor j during iteration k
from simulation; and n is the number of evaluative criteria.
The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used in this model for modelling the uncertainty associated with
predicting vendor performance against the evaluative criteria instead of rating from human intuitive judgment.
2.2 Dimensional analysis
The evaluation process of supplier involves a series of one-on-one comparisons and can only compare
two vendors each time under dimensional analysis method[9]. The Dimensional Analysis Ratio (DAR) can be
obtained from Equation (2).
DAR = (𝐴𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1 /𝐵𝑖)R
i i = 1, 2 , . . . . , nth
attribute (2)
where Ai and Bi represent ith
attribute score of entity A and B, respectively, and Ri is a relative importance
assigned to attribute i.
II. Methodology
3.1 The Analytic Hierarchy Process
The foundation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a set of axioms that carefully delimits the
scope of the problem environment [4]. It is based on the well-defined mathematical structure of consistent
matrices and their associated eigenvector’s ability to generate true or approximate weights [4]. The AHP
methodology uses a fundamental scale of absolute numbers that has been proven in practice and validated by
physical and decision problem experiments. It converts individual preferences into ratio scale weights that can
be combined into a linear additive weight for each alternative. The comparison scale is summarised in table 1.
Table 1: AHP fundamental comparison scale
For any pair objectives i, j
Score Relative Importance
1 Objective i and j are of equal importance
3 Objective i is weakly more important than j
5 Objective i is strongly more important than j
7 Objective i is very strongly important than j
9 Objective i is absolutely more important than j
Note:2, 4, 6, 8 are the intermediate values
Source: [10]
3.3 Model development
The following steps associated with the AHP method for decision making are used:
1. Clearly define the decision problem and determine its goal.
2. Structure the hierarchy from top through the intermediate levels to the lowest level
3. Compose a pair-wise comparison decision matrix.
Let ‘A’ represent an an×n
pair-wise comparison matrix and can be expressed as
A = 𝑎𝑖𝑗 =
1 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛
⋮ ⋱ ⋮
1
𝑎1𝑛
⋯ 1
(3)
where aij = 1 and i, j = 1 , 2 , . . . , n. L et C1, C2, . . . , Cn denote the set of criteria, while aij represents a
quantified judgment on a pair of criteria Ci and Cj.
4. Calculate the Eigenvalue and Eigenvector
The normalization of the geometric mean (NGM) method is used to determine the importance degrees
of DMs requirements. Let Wi denoted the importance degree (weight) for the ith criteria, then
3. Supplier ranking and selection in a bakery
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𝑤𝑖 =
𝑎 𝑖𝑗
𝑛
𝑗=1
𝑛
𝑎 𝑖𝑗
𝑛
𝑗=1
𝑛𝑛
𝑖=1
, i, j = 1, 2, . . . , n. (4)
wheren is the number of criteria.
In addition, the Maximum Eigenvalue, λmax, also known as Principal Eigenvalue, can be calculated by equation
(5) and (6)
A =
1 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛
⋮ ⋱ ⋮
1
𝑎1𝑛
⋯ 1
*
𝑤𝑖
⋮
𝑤𝑛
=
𝑤′1
⋮
𝑤′ 𝑛
, (5)
λmax = (1/n) * (W’1/W1 + W’2/W’2 + . . . + W’n/Wn). (6)
5. Estimate the Consistency Analysis (Consistency Index and Consistency Ratio)
Saaty[4] explained that with the maximum eigenvalue, λmax, a Consistency Index (CI) can be calculated
by
CI =
𝜆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑛
𝑛−1
(7)
In equation (7), if CI = 0, the evaluation for the pair-wise comparison matrix is implied to be completely
consistent. Particularly, the closer the maximal eigenvalue is to n the more consistent the evaluation is.
Generally, a consistency ratio (CR) can be used as a guidance to check for consistency.
The formulation of CR is [4]:
CR =
CI
RI
(8)
where RI is the average index with the value obtained by different orders of the pair-wise comparison matrices.
If CR is less than 0.1, the judgements are consistent, so the derived weights can be used.
Table 2: Random Index (RI) for the factors used in the decision making process
N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
RI 0 0 0.58 0.9 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.45 1.49 1.51 1.58
Source: [11]
3.4 The Criteria
For an efficient examination of the suppliers by AHP process, three suppliers are evaluated with five
main criteria which are Quality, Performance, Service, Cost, and Supplier Profile[12]. The sub-criteria
(attributes) for each criterion are given below:
1. Quality (QLTY)
i. Audit Result (AR)
ii. Quality defects (QD)
iii. Defects analysis (DA)
iv. Documentation (DOC)
2. Performance (PERF)
i. Customer Request Date (CRD)
ii. Original Promised Date (OPD)
iii. Average Late Days (ALD)
iv. Turn Around Time (TAT)
v. Lead Time (LT)
3. Service (SERV)
i. Ease of Communication (EOC)
ii. Process Flexibility (PF)
iii. Response to Changes (RC)
iv. Information Sharing (IS)
v. Customer Service (CS)
4. Cost (COST)
i. Price competitiveness (PCP)
ii. Product Cost (PC)
5. Supplier Profile (SP)
i. Location (LOC)
ii. Financial States (FS)
iii. Facility (FAC)
iv. Capacity (CAP)
4. Supplier ranking and selection in a bakery
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v. Supplier Cooperation (SC)
IV. Application
4.1 The company
The company used as a case study is a bakery, UIB, in southwest Nigeria. The major ingredients used
at the bakery are flour, yeast, water, sugar, butter, salt and improvers. UIB has three major suppliers for the
improvers, referred to as Supplier A, Supplier B, and Supplier C. The manager wishes to evaluate these
suppliers based on the various criteria decided by the company. A structured questionnaire was developed and
all the criteria we re rated based on the experience of the decision-maker and other key operators.
4.2 Calculations
This sectionshows the calculations made using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Table 3 below shows
how the matrix developed for all the main criteria. In deciding the relations between the criteria, the
fundamental scale was used.
Table 3: Criteria Pair-wise comparison matrix
QLTY PERF SERV COST SP
QLTY 1 3 3 3 5
PERF 1/3 1 3 1/3 5
SERV 1/3 1/3 1 1/3 3
COST 1/3 3 3 1 5
SP 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/5 1
After the matrix of the main criteria was conducted, the next step was the normalization value which were used
as weight of each criterion in the analytical hierarchy process. In Table 4 below, the normalized value and the
eigenvector for the main criteria are as shown:
Table 4: Criteria Pair-wise comparison matrix showing eigenvalue and normalized value
QLTY PERF SERV COST SP G.M W
QLTY 1 3 3 3 5 2.667 0.414
PERF 1/3 1 3 1/3 5 1.107 0.172
SERV 1/3 1/3 1 1/3 3 0.644 0.100
COST 1/3 3 3 1 5 1.719 0.267
SP 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/5 1 0.305 0.047
6.442
4.3 The Consistency Ratio (CR)
The consistency ratio is presented in table 5 below:
Table 5: Calculation of the eigenvalue and consistency ratio
QLTY PERF SERV COST SP G.M W W' W'/W
QLTY 1 3 3 3 5 2.667 0.414 2.266 5.47
PERF 1/3 1 3 1/3 5 1.107 0.172 0.934 5.43
SERV 1/3 1/3 1 1/3 3 0.644 0.100 0.525 5.25
COST 1/3 3 3 1 5 1.719 0.267 1.465 5.45
SP 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/5 1 0.305 0.047 0.251 5.34
6.442
This value of CR was found to be 0.09 which implies that judgements are consistent because it is less than 0.1.
A summary of the evaluations is presented in tale 6 below:
Table 6: Main and Sub-criteria weights
Main criteria Quality Performance Service Cost Supplier Profile
Criteria weight 0.414 0.172 0.100 0.267 0.047
Sub-criteria AA CRD EOC PCP LOC
Criteria weight 0.045 0.356 0.180 0.500 0.087
QD OPD PF PC FS
0.644 0.148 0.279 0.500 0.087
DA ALD RC FAC
0.229 0.229 0.067 0.210
5. Supplier ranking and selection in a bakery
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DOC TAT IS CAP
0.083 0.148 0.224 0.210
LT CS SC
0.119 0.248 0.406
Givenbelow are the results from AHP of the suppliers based on each criterion.
4.4 Best supplier in Quality criterion
Table 7: Final weighted result for each supplier in quality criterion
SUPPLIER Weight Rank
A 0.254 3
B 0.391 1
C 0.355 2
Best supplier in Performance criterion
Table 8: Final weighted result for each supplier in performance criterion
SUPPLIER Weight Rank
A 0.251 3
B 0.463 1
C 0.286 2
Best Supplier by Service Criterion
Table 9: Final weighted result for each supplier in Service criterion
SUPPLIER Weight Rank
A 0.579 1
B 0.322 2
C 0.096 3
Best Supplier by Cost Criterion
Table 10: Final weighted result for each supplier in cost criteria
SUPPLIER Weight Rank
A 0.349 2
B 0.181 3
C 0.469 1
Best Supplier by Supplier Profile Criterion
Table 11: Final weighted result for each supplier in supplier profile section
SUPPLIER Weight Rank
A 0.379 1
B 0.292 3
C 0.328 2
Best supplier according to AHP
From table 12, it can be seen that from all the matrices used in the calculation, the ranking of the suppliers is a
very close run. This kind of close competition was really not so obvious at the beginning of AHP valuation.
However when examining the bigger picture, all of the suppliers performed very well and while the difference
between the best and the last supplier was only 0.029 which is little over 8 % of difference.
Table 12: Final weights and ranking for all of the suppliers according to AHP
SUPPLIER Weight Rank
C 0.346 1
B 0.336 2
A 0.317 3
V. Conclusions
From the analysis done in the section, the following conclusions can be made:
1. The criteria for supplier evaluation were identified.
6. Supplier ranking and selection in a bakery
www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
2. AHP was used to evaluate supplier and results show that supplier B ranks best in terms of the quality
criteria, closely followed by supplier C but supplier A gives the least quality.
3. The overall AHP ranking showed that all suppliers are close but supplier C seems to have a slight edge
over others.
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