This document discusses acid-base chemistry and super acids and bases. It defines acids as molecules that can donate protons or accept electron pairs in reactions. Bases are defined as substances that release hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. Super acids are defined as having a greater acidity than 100% sulfuric acid, while super bases have a high affinity for protons. Examples of super acids include fluorosulfuric acid and triflic acid, while examples of super bases include lithium nitride and potassium hydride. The document discusses applications of super acids and bases in organic synthesis and catalysis.

1. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(PAPER – 2)
BY
SMITA . S. JADHAV
M.Sc:- PART 2 (SEM-3)

2. REACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL SPECIES:-
APPLICATION OF ACID - BASE CHEMISTRY :
 SUPER ACID
 SUPER BASE

3.  What is acid..??
 What is base..??
 What is acid- base reaction..??
 Definition of super acid and base
 Application of super acid and super base

4.  A molecule or other species which can donate a
proton or accept an electron pair in reaction.
 Containing acid or having the properties of an acid ,
having a PH of less than 7 .
 Examples of acids :-
acid in food such as vinegar ( Acetic acid) , soda
water (carbonic acid ), and lemon juice (citric acid) these
are weak acids.
 Some acids can lose more than one proton for eg.
Carbonic acid lose two proton , while phosphoric
acid and citric acid lose three proton.

5.  In chemistry , base are substance that in aqueous
solution , release hydroxide (OH-) ions .
 They are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter if an
alkali .
 Change the colour of indicators ( eg. Turns red
litmus paper to blue)
 React with acid to form salt, promote certain
chemical reaction.
 Examples :- Lithium oxide , sodium hydroxide ,
potassium hydroxide , etc…..

6.  The first of these concepts was
provided by the French chemist
“Antoine Lavoisier”, around
1776.
 An acid- base reaction is a
chemical reaction that occurs,
between an acid and a base ,
which can be used to determine
the pH.
 Their importance becomes
apparent in analyzing acid- base
reaction for gaseous or liquid
species

7.  According to the classical definition a super acid is an
acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure
sulfuric acid , which has Hamette acidity function of -12.
 According to the modern definition a super acid is a
medium in which the chemical potential of the proton is
higher than in pure sulfuric acid.
 Examples :- Fluorosulfuric acid ,
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ( also called as triflic acid )
, anhydrous HF is also super acid.

9.  In chemistry , a super base is an extremely basic
compound or caustic substance ,that has a high
affinity for protons.
 Such bases are valuable in organic synthesis and are
fundamental to physical organic chemistry.
 The main classes of super bases are recognized :-
organic , organometallic , and Inorganic.
 EXAMPLES :- KOH , NaOH , LiOH , RbOH

10.  Organic super bases are almost always charge-
neutral, nitrogen containing species.
 Organo superbases exhibit low nucleophilicity
 Other organic compounds also meets the
physicochemical or structural definitions of
“superbase.”
 Multicyclic polyamines like DABCO might also be
loosely include in this category.

11.  Organometalic compound of reactive metals can be
superbases, including organolithium and
organomagnesium compound .
 Another type of organometalic superbase has a
reactive metals such as oxygen or nitrogen
INORGANIC SUPER BASES :-
• Inorganic super bases are typically salt – like
compound with small, highly charged anions
• Examples:- lithium nitride , potassium hydride ,
sodium hydride

12.  In petrochemistry , superacidic media are used as
catalyst, especially for alkylations .
 The solid acids are used for alkylating benzene with
ethene and propene as well as difficult acylations,
example of chlorobenzene.
 Super acids are used to create stable carbocations
 Carbocations are used for the polymerization of
plastic and the formation of high octane gasoline
 Super acids are only solvents for carbon nanotubes.

13.  CONCEPTS AND MODELS OF INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY ( THIRD EDITION )
- BY BODLE DOUGLAS , DARL MC DANIEL AND
JOHN ALEXANDER ( PAGE NO. 337 – 345)
 VOGELS QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
( SEVENTH EDITION )
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – BY D.F SHRIVER ,
P.W. ATKINS AND C.H. LANGFORD
 https://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/co- ordination