Liquid crystals are a state of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid and solid crystal. They may flow like a liquid but their molecules can be oriented in a crystal-like way. Friedrich Reinitzer discovered important features of cholesteric liquid crystals in 1888, including thermotropic, lyotropic, and metallotropic phases. Common liquid crystal phases are nematic, smectic, and cholesteric/chiral. Blue phases have a regular three-dimensional cubic structure of defects with a lattice period of several hundred nanometers. Liquid crystals can flow like liquids due to loss of positional order, and transition between solid and liquid crystal states caused by temperature change gives rise to thermotropic liquid crystals

1. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(PAPER – 1)
BY
SMITA . S . JADHAV
M.Sc:- PART – 2
SEM :- 3

2. BEHAVIOUR OF INORGANIC SOLIDS :- LIQUID
CRYSTALS.
 CONTENTS :-
 Introduction
 Classification Of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals
 Properties Of Liquid Crystals
 Application Of Liquid Crystals

3.  Liquid crystals are matter in a state that
has properties between those of
conventional liquid and those of solid
crystals.
 For instance, a liquid crystals May flow
like a liquid , but its molecule may be
oriented in a crystal like way .

4.  In 1888 Austrian botanical physiologist
Friedrich Reinitzer had discovered and
described three important features of
cholesteric liquid crystals .
1) Thermotropic phase
2) Lyotropic phase
3) Metallotropic phase

5.  Nematic
 Smectic
 Cholesteric / chiral
 Blue
 Discotic

11. BLUE
PHASES:-
 Blue phases are liquid crystal
phases that appear in the
temperature range between a
chiral nematic phase and a
isotropic liquid phase
 Blue phase have a regular
three- dimensional cubic
structure of defects with
lattice period of several 100
nanometers.

12.  Liquid crystal can flow like a liquid due to loss of
positional order
 Transition from crystalline solid to liquid crystals
caused by a change of temperature gives rise to
thermotropic liquid crystals.
 Substance that are most likely to form a liquid
crystals phase at a certain temperature are molecules
that are elongated and have some degree of rigidity.

13.  LCD displays
 Dyes ( cholesterics)
 Advanced materials ( kevlar )
 Membranes
 Temperature measurement ( by changing -colors )
 Solvents for GS , NMR , reactions etc.
 Drug delivery

16.  THE SOLID STATE ( THIRD EDITION) , H.M.
ROSENBERG
 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY APPLIED TO SOLID
STATE (SECOND EDITION) BY A.R. VERMA
O.N.SRIVASTAVA
 SOILID STATE ( STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
OF MATERIALS ) BY M.A.WAHAB
 SOLID STATE PHYSICS , BY R.K.PURI AND V.K. –
BABBAR
 SOLID STATE ( NEW REVISED SIXTH EDITION )
BY S.O.PILLAI