The document discusses sulfonamides, including their discovery by Gerhard Domagk, modes of classification based on duration of action, pharmacokinetics, chemistry, and mechanisms of action. It also covers their therapeutic uses such as for urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and combinations including cotrimoxazole and triple sulfa.

2. Learning Outcomes
Chemistry of sulfonamides
Discovery of sulfonamides
Different modes of their classification
Mechanism of action (MOA)
Structure activity relationship (SAR)
Therapeutic use

4. Discovery of Sulfonamide
Gerhard Domagk pathologist/
bacterologist at Bayer
Industries
Discovered anti-bacterial effect
of sulfonamido chrysodine
(Prontosil Red dye).
Gerhard Domagk

6. Based on Duration of action
Short acting (4-8 h):
Sulfamethizole, Sulfisoxazole
Intermediate acting (10-24 h):
Sulfamethxazole, Sulfasomizole
Long acting (24-50 h):
Sulfadoxine, Sulfamethopyrazine
Ultra long acting (˂50 h):
Sulfasalazine, Sulfacetamide

7. Pharmacokinetic classification
Poorly absorbed agents
Sulphasalazine, Sulphathiazole
Rapidly absorbed agents
Sulphamethoxazole, Sulphadiazine
Topical used sulphonamides
Silver sulphadiazine, Sulphacitamide,

8.  Antibacterial sulfonamide: Sulfisoxazole,
Sulfadiazine & Sulfamethxazole
 Diuretics: Furosemide, Bumetanide
 Anticonvulsant: Sultiame
 Oral hypoglycemic agents: Tolbutamide
 Antimalarial: Sulphadoxin+Pyrimethamine
 Anti-laprotic: Dapsone, Solapsone
Pharmacological classification

9.  Aniline derivatives (N1 Substituted):
Sulphadiaine, Sulphacetamide
 Non-aniline derivatives (N4 Substituted):
Mefenide sodium
 N1 and N4 Substituted: Succinyl sulfathiazole
 Azo compounds: Prontosil
Chemical classification
NH2
SO2NH-R
4
1

11. Preparation of sulfonamides
NH2
NHCOCH3
ANILINE ACETANILIDE
(CH3CO2)2
NHCOCH3
SO2Cl
ClSO2OH
NHCOCH3
SO2NH-R
R-NH2
-HCl
NH2
SO2NH-R
NaOH
CH3COOH

13.  Urinary tract infections: Sulfamethizole
 Respiratory tract infections: Sulfalene
 Nocardiosis: Sulfadiazine
 IBD: Sulfasalazine
 Bacterial conjunctivitis & trachoma:
Sulfacetamide.
Therapeutic uses

14. Therapeutic uses
 P. carinni Pneumonia:
Sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprin
 Ocular infection: Sulfacetamide
 Burn therapy: Silver sulfadiazine
 Laprosy: dapsone
 Malaria: Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine

16.  Cotrimoxazole
Trimethoprim +
Sulfamethoxazole
 Triple sulfa
Sulfacetamide +
Sulfathiazole +
Sulfabenzamide
Combinations

17. Thank You