Sulphonamide
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The document discusses sulfonamides, including their discovery by Gerhard Domagk, modes of classification based on duration of action, pharmacokinetics, chemistry, and mechanisms of action. It also covers their therapeutic uses such as for urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and combinations including cotrimoxazole and triple sulfa.
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This document discusses sulphonamides, which are synthetic antibiotics derived from sulfanilamide and structurally related to p-amino benzoic acid. It notes that sulphonamides were first recognized in 1932 and used clinically in 1935 by Gerhard Domagk to treat streptococcal infections using Prontosil. The document classifies sulphonamides based on absorption and provides examples of commonly used oral, non-absorbable, and topical agents. It describes the mechanism of action of sulphonamides as inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with bacterial synthesis of folic acid and DNA. Current uses of sulphonamides include treatment of UTIs, malaria, tox
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Sulfonamides were the first effective systemic antibacterial drugs. Prontosil, a sulfonamide dye, was found to cure streptococcal infections and was the first prodrug. It is metabolized to release sulfanilamide. Sulfonamides are structural analogs of PABA and competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, blocking folate synthesis. This arrests bacterial growth. Common sulfonamides include sulfamethizole, sulfisoxazole, and sulfadiazine. Cotrimoxazole is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, a folate reductase inhibitor. Dapsone is a sulfone used to treat le
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Ulcerative colitis, enteritis, other inflammatory bowel
disease
sulfasalazine
(3) INFECTIONS OF BURN AND WOUND
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Sulphonamide
- 2. Learning Outcomes Chemistry of sulfonamides Discovery of sulfonamides Different modes of their classification Mechanism of action (MOA) Structure activity relationship (SAR) Therapeutic use
- 4. Discovery of Sulfonamide Gerhard Domagk pathologist/ bacterologist at Bayer Industries Discovered anti-bacterial effect of sulfonamido chrysodine (Prontosil Red dye). Gerhard Domagk
- 6. Based on Duration of action Short acting (4-8 h): Sulfamethizole, Sulfisoxazole Intermediate acting (10-24 h): Sulfamethxazole, Sulfasomizole Long acting (24-50 h): Sulfadoxine, Sulfamethopyrazine Ultra long acting (˂50 h): Sulfasalazine, Sulfacetamide
- 7. Pharmacokinetic classification Poorly absorbed agents Sulphasalazine, Sulphathiazole Rapidly absorbed agents Sulphamethoxazole, Sulphadiazine Topical used sulphonamides Silver sulphadiazine, Sulphacitamide,
- 8. Antibacterial sulfonamide: Sulfisoxazole, Sulfadiazine & Sulfamethxazole Diuretics: Furosemide, Bumetanide Anticonvulsant: Sultiame Oral hypoglycemic agents: Tolbutamide Antimalarial: Sulphadoxin+Pyrimethamine Anti-laprotic: Dapsone, Solapsone Pharmacological classification
- 9. Aniline derivatives (N1 Substituted): Sulphadiaine, Sulphacetamide Non-aniline derivatives (N4 Substituted): Mefenide sodium N1 and N4 Substituted: Succinyl sulfathiazole Azo compounds: Prontosil Chemical classification NH2 SO2NH-R 4 1
- 11. Preparation of sulfonamides NH2 NHCOCH3 ANILINE ACETANILIDE (CH3CO2)2 NHCOCH3 SO2Cl ClSO2OH NHCOCH3 SO2NH-R R-NH2 -HCl NH2 SO2NH-R NaOH CH3COOH
- 13. Urinary tract infections: Sulfamethizole Respiratory tract infections: Sulfalene Nocardiosis: Sulfadiazine IBD: Sulfasalazine Bacterial conjunctivitis & trachoma: Sulfacetamide. Therapeutic uses
- 14. Therapeutic uses P. carinni Pneumonia: Sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprin Ocular infection: Sulfacetamide Burn therapy: Silver sulfadiazine Laprosy: dapsone Malaria: Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine
- 16. Cotrimoxazole Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole Triple sulfa Sulfacetamide + Sulfathiazole + Sulfabenzamide Combinations
- 17. Thank You