Sublevel open stopping assignment
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Sublevel open stopping is a vertical mining method where a large open stope is created within an ore vein. Three variations are used: blast hole, open ending, and vertical crater retreat. Drilling is done from multiple sublevels using fan or parallel patterns. Ore is mucked using load haul dump equipment or slushers and transported to surface via skips or haul trucks. Pillars are left in place for support and ground conditioning uses bolts. Backfill allows for recovery of up to 90% of ore while providing support. It is suitable for moderate to strong ore bodies that are fairly steep, thick, and tabular in shape. Advantages include moderate productivity while disadvantages include complex development and inflexible planning.
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This document discusses different types of drilling machines and their functions. It describes bench drilling machines, which are light duty machines used in small workshops to drill holes from 1 to 15 mm in diameter. Radial drilling machines are heavy duty machines used to drill larger holes, up to 7.5 cm, in heavy workpieces. The document outlines the parts and working of bench drilling machines and radial drilling machines. It also covers drilling machine operations like reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, spot facing and tapping.
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Methods of Auxiliary Ventilation in Underground Mine
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Underground mining methods
This document summarizes various underground mining methods. It describes supported methods like cut and fill stoping which uses backfill, and unsupported methods like room and pillar mining where pillars provide natural support. It also discusses caving methods, including longwall mining where powered supports are used and sublevel caving where the ore and rock above cave in controlled columns. Conditions for each method are provided regarding ore and rock strength, deposit size and shape, depth, grade, and uniformity. The production cycle for each typically involves drilling, blasting, loading, and hauling, with auxiliary operations like ventilation and ground control.
Bored piles production method
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This document discusses semisubmersible drilling rigs and logging while drilling (LWD). It begins by explaining how semisubmersibles work, noting they are partially submerged platforms that provide stability for drilling. It describes two main types of semisubmersibles and how dynamic positioning and mooring lines keep them in place for drilling. The document then discusses LWD, which involves tools that log wells in real-time while drilling, allowing drillers to make immediate decisions. LWD transmits data on properties like porosity and resistivity through mud pulses.
BLOCK CAVING ATRI.ppt
Block caving is an underground mining method that involves undercutting large blocks of ore to induce caving from the top down. It is suited for large, low-grade ore deposits with certain rock characteristics. The process involves exploring the ore body, determining cavability, installing drawpoints in a pattern below the block, and systematically undercutting the block to remove supporting pillars and cave the ore. Draw control is critical to optimize grade, recovery and dilution as the ore caves and is drawn out of the mine. Block caving can be highly productive and cost effective for the right ore bodies, but requires extensive development and carries some safety risks.
Offshore Riser Design
Oil and gas industry is changing and moving to deep and ultra deep water which come with new challenges for the current risers design . so i proposed a new design which will change the industry and help drill oil and gas in ultra deep waters
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The document provides information on different types of oil and gas drilling rigs used on land and offshore. It describes key components and uses of land rigs, as well as differences between light, medium, and heavy duty land rigs. For offshore rigs, it discusses jackup rigs, gravity platforms, semisubmersibles, tension leg platforms, spars, drillships and their applications in different water depths. Specific rigs like the Berkut and Seastars platforms are also summarized.
Underground mining method natural support and caving
This document provides an overview of underground mining methods called natural support and caving. It describes how natural support mining extracts mineral deposits with strong ore and surrounding rock without using pillars or supports. Caving mining involves undermining an ore body and allowing the country rock to collapse under gravity in a controlled manner. The document also discusses room and pillar mining, shrinkage stopping, sublevel stopping, longwall mining, and block caving methods.
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The document discusses Heavy Earth Moving Machinery (HEMM) and Bucket Wheel Excavators (BWE). It provides information on:
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2) BWE are continuous excavation machines with multiple buckets on a rotating wheel that dig, lift, and convey material onto belts for transport.
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Pile foundation
The pile foundation uses piles to support walls, piers, and other structures. Piles can be placed individually or in clusters. Piles are used when loose soil extends to great depths, and transfer structural loads to harder soils below through end bearing and side friction. Common pile materials include timber, steel, and concrete. Piles can be load bearing, transmitting loads through end bearing and side friction, or non-load bearing, used as retaining walls or sheeting. Pile capacity is assessed through field load tests or theoretical calculations based on soil properties.
Anmol bhargava casing basics
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Machineries and Maintenance Question Patterns for Mining students
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In this file you will find Machineries and Maintenance question Patterns. If any need you will be welcomed to read or download it. Thank you.Pile foundation -sunil kumar mohapatra
The pile foundation uses piles to support structures where soil conditions are poor. Piles can be placed individually or in clusters. Piles are adopted when loose soil extends to great depths and are used to transmit structural loads deep into the ground. Common pile materials include timber, steel, and concrete. Piles can be load bearing, transmitting loads through end bearing or side friction, or non-load bearing, used for retaining walls or cofferdams. Proper pile spacing, load testing, and installation methods like driving or boring are important to develop sufficient foundation capacity.
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Chapter 5 rock_slope_stabilization
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The document summarizes shaft sinking methods for underground mining. It defines shaft sinking as the excavation of a vertical or inclined opening from the surface for transport of materials, ventilation, pumping water, and hoisting ore. Conventional shaft sinking involves drilling, blasting, mucking out debris, installing temporary supports like timber boards or steel rings, and eventually permanent concrete lining. Newer mechanical methods using vertical shaft machines or tunnel boring machines can significantly increase safety and productivity compared to conventional drilling and blasting. Selecting the appropriate sinking method depends on factors like depth, geology, costs, and available technology.
Advance Construction equipment's reports
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Drilling methods
This document summarizes various drilling methods used in the water well, oil and gas, geotechnical, and environmental drilling industries. It begins by describing cable tool drilling, which was one of the earliest methods used dating back 4000 years in China. It then discusses auger drilling and rotary drilling. For rotary drilling, it outlines the major components which include prime movers, hoisting equipment, rotating equipment, drill bits, and circulating systems. The document provides details on different types of drill bits and their applications. It also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various drilling methods.
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This document summarizes various drilling methods used in the water well, oil and gas, geotechnical, and environmental drilling industries. It begins by describing cable tool drilling, which was one of the earliest methods used dating back 4000 years in China. It then discusses auger drilling and rotary drilling. For rotary drilling, it outlines the major components which include prime movers, hoisting equipment, rotating equipment, drill bits, and circulating systems. The document provides details on different types of drill bits and their applications. It also reviews advantages and disadvantages of various drilling methods.
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
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2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
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Sublevel open stopping assignment
- 1. Sublevel open stopping Virendra suryawanshi 10108EN066
- 2. Sublevel open stopping sublevel stoping is a vertical mining method in which a large open stope is create within the vein. This open stope is not meant to be occupied by the miners therefore ,all work of drilling and must be performed from sublevel within the ore block. Three different variations of sublevel stoping are practiced 1. Blast hole method . 2. Open ending method. 3. Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) method.
- 4. Development 1.Stope sequence 2.Drilling 3.Blasting
- 5. Fan Drill Pattern from multiple drift levels Parallel Drill Pattern in a Sublevel Stope
- 6. Labelled Stope Layout with Ring Drilling
- 7. Equipment Sublevel open stopping is a highly mechanized mining method utilizing a wide range of equipment for drilling and mucking. Typically production drilling is carried out by high-efficiency column and arm long hole drills or DTH drill rigs. These systems use electric drive instead of hydraulic and have high pressure pneumatic DTH hammers or rotary percussion drilling systems. It is with recent advantages in drilling technology that these systems have revolutionized sublevel stopping operations. Mucking may be done with load haul dump equipment or LHD’s. They either take the ore from the draw point entrances and travel to an ore skip location for shaft transportation of ore to surface, or they transport and load the ore onto haul trucks which then transport the ore to surface via ramp access. Slusher and scraper systems have also been used in combination with mine car transport as well. In this scenario, the ore is scraped into designated ore passes where it falls into waiting mine cars. These cars then either transport the ore to waiting haul trucks or to skip locations as described previously.
- 8. Support 1.Pillars A wide array of pillars are used in a typical sublevel stopping operation. Rib pillars are installed as a support divider between horizontally adjacent stopes. During production, as vertical slices are blasted away, some slices are left behind as support pillars in order to help control subsidence within the stope. Sill and crown pillars are also a key support development in sublevel stoping. They are used between vertically adjacent stopes (sill pillar) or between a stope and surface operations (crown pillar). These pillars provide roof and floor support as well as aid in the prevention of cave-ins, rock bursting, and surface subsidence
- 9. Backfill In sublevel stoping a backfill program is usually established in large openings created during production. Backfill allows for the recovery of support pillars, permitting up to 90% ore recovery. Apart from this, backfill provides additional ground support, reduces dilution and helps with the redistribution of stresses around openings, which reduces rock bursting events. Ground Support Due to the strong nature of the rock required for use of this method, ground support is usually minimal. However ground conditioning is still needed in some areas and is done using different types of bolts including cable/rock bolts and grouted rebar. In Canada, any opening in which workers will be present needs to have a minimum bolt pattern before the workers are allowed to work freely.
- 10. Applicability condition 1.Ore strength: moderate to strong, may be less competent than for stope and pillar mining. 2.Rock strength: Fairly strong to strong. 3.Deposit dip: Fairly steep (>45 degree , preferably 60 to 90 degree ). 4.Deposite size: Moderate to thick width (20 to 100 ft or 6 to 30m), fairly large extent. 5.Deposite shape: Tabular or lenticular, regular dip and boundaries helpful.
- 11. Advantage 1.Moderate to high productivity. 2.Moderate to high production rate. 3.Low breakage cost; fairly low handling cost. 4.Fair recovery (about 75%). 5.Modest dilution (about 20%)
- 12. Disadvantage 1.Fairly complicated and expensive development. 2.Inflexible in mining plan. 3.Long hole drilling requires precision (<2%deviation). 4.Large blasts can cause significant vibration , air blast , and structural damage
- 13. Thank you