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STYLISTICS: Discourse and Context 1: Function
The document discusses key concepts in analyzing text as discourse including definitions of text and discourse, and how texts make up discourse. It also covers functional categories and styles used in discourse analysis, such as modality, cohesion, transitivity, and discourse presentation. Modality refers to how opinions are expressed, and there are four types: epistemic, perception, deontic, and boulomic. Cohesion provides textual ties between units. Transitivity encodes meanings in clauses. Discourse presentation analyzes speech and thought representation with categories like direct and indirect speech.
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STYLISTICS: Discourse and Context 1: Function
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- 2. 2 Text as Discourse Text …therepresentation in written language cohesive coherent A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 3. 3 Text as Discourse Discourse …modeof speaking or writing …process of activation of a text by relating it to a context of use A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 4. 4 Text as Discourse Textas discourse Discourse is embedded in texts and that texts make up discourse. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 5. 5 Text as Discourse Textas discourse The text is the observable product of the writer’s or speaker’s discourse. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 6. 6 Functional Categories & Style modality …itis used to reflect the producer’s opinion about what s/he is saying or writing …A tendency to conform to a general pattern or belong to a particular group or category. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 7. 7 Functional Categories & Style Typesof Modality * Epistemic * Perception * Deontic * Boulomaic A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 8. 8 Functional Categories & Style Epistemic …speaker’slevel of confidence in the truth of their utterances She may come = It’s possible she’ll come = She’ll possibly come A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 9. 9 Functional Categories & Style Perception …usuallydelivered by verbs of perceiving such as ‘see’ & ‘hear’ I see that you can that you are qualified for the position. I hear her complaints about the new branch manager. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 10. 10 Functional Categories & Style Deontic …indicatethe necessity of the proposition in utterance You should do more exercise. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 11. 11 Functional Categories & Style Boulomaic …indicatethe desirability of the proposition in utterance I wish you would help me with the homework. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 12. 12 Functional Categories & Style Cohesion …givesthe idea of textual ‘tie’ between units in different sentences which helps the reader to perceive the referential identity or topical consistency of different parts of a text. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 13. 13 Functional Categories & Style Aboy run towards the gate of their house. He forgot his lunchbox. * tie between a pronoun and its antecedent The boy introduced by an indefinite article ‘a’ (a boy) and on the next sentence, the pronoun ‘he’ and ‘his’ were used to pertain to the boy. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 14. 14 Functional Categories & Style MainMechanisms of Cohesion * Repetition * Reference * Substitution * Ellipsis * Conjunction * Lexical Cohesion A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 15. 15 Functional Categories & Style Transitivity …theway meanings are encoded in the clause to the way different types of process is represented in language. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 16. 16 Functional Categories & Style TransitivityKey Components * Verb Phrase * Participants * Prepositional & Adverb Phrases A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 17. 17 Functional Categories & Style DiscoursePresentation …most of the formal features differentiating the various modes of speech and thought presentation are the same. However, the effects are different, especially the distance from or the closeness of the narrator’s language and ideology. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 18. 18 Functional Categories & Style Categoriesof Discourse/Speech Presentation (Leech and Short 1981) * Narrative Report of Speech Act (NRSA) * Direct Speech * Indirect Speech * Free Direct Speech * Free Indirect Speech A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 19. 19 Functional Categories & Style NarrativeReport of Speech Act (NRSA) He agreed. Direct Speech He said, ‘I Agree.’ Indirect Speech He said that he agreed. Free Direct Speech I agree. Free Indirect Speech He was in an agreement. A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 20. 20 Functional Categories & Style Formaldifferences between direct and indirect discourse • The inverted commas are removed • The speech is marked by a subordinate (e.g. that) • Any 1st and 2nd person pronouns change to third person • Any present tense verbs change to past (including auxiliaries) A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content
- 21. References http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=JOHAfctPly8C&p g=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=functional+categories+and+sty le+in+stylistics&source http://stylistics.minb.de/index.php?c=Speech%20and% 20Thought%20Presentation Simpson, P. (2004).Stylistics : A resource Book for Students. New York, Routledge 21 A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories Content 21 A. Texts as Discourse I. Definition of Text II. Definition of Discourse III. Texts as Discourse B. Functional Categories and Style I. Modality A. Types of Modality 1. Epistemic 2. Perception 3. Deontic 4. Boulomic II. Cohesion A. Main Mechanisms III. Transitivity A. Key Components IV. Discourse Presentation A. Categories B. Formal Differences References Content