Transitivity refers to the grammatical analysis of processes and participants in clauses, categorizing verbs and their arguments into types of processes including material, mental, relational, behavioral, and existential. These process types have inherent participants like actors, goals, sensors and phenomena. Analyzing transitivity patterns in text can provide insights into the ideological perspectives and worldviews expressed by revealing what types of processes are foregrounded.
Systemic Functional Linguistics: An approach to analyzing written academic di...ClmentNdoricimpa
Written academic discourse refers to the way of thinking and using language that exist in the academy. Writers demonstrate knowledge and negotiate social relations with readers by means of written discourse. In order to understand these characteristics of written discourse, different approaches are followed. Some follow a linguistic approach to uncover the linguistic devices associated with coherence in a written text. Other follow a social approach to analyze the social cultural context in which a written text occurs. However, it is demonstrated that the linguistic and the social cultural elements in a written text cannot be disassociated and that an approach, which combine the two approaches is required. Such an approach is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Therefore, this paper discusses the way in which SFL is used as an approach to analyzing linguistic features of academic discourses and how those features relate to social cultural context. In this paper, it is shown that SFL provides the means to analyze not only the linguistic resources employed in a written text but also the context in which the text is used. These linguistic resources are associated with the creation of ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning at the level of lexicogrammar and discourse semantic. The context is modelled through register and genre theory.
Different Levels of Stylistics Analysis 1.Phonological level 2.Graphologic...RajpootBhatti5
Levels of stylistics analysis
1.Phonological level
2.Graphological level
3.Grammatical level
Language of newspaper headlines
4.Pragmatics level
5.Conversation or discourse analysis
Presented
by
Ata ul ghafer & shoiba sabir
Department of Applied linguistics
GCUF
used for reporting in Introduction to Stylistics
includes the types of style (expository/argumentative, descriptive, narrative, persuasive) basic principles in stylistic analysis, teaching of language and literature: a case for stylistics, and stylistics and levels of language
Systemic Functional Linguistics: An approach to analyzing written academic di...ClmentNdoricimpa
Written academic discourse refers to the way of thinking and using language that exist in the academy. Writers demonstrate knowledge and negotiate social relations with readers by means of written discourse. In order to understand these characteristics of written discourse, different approaches are followed. Some follow a linguistic approach to uncover the linguistic devices associated with coherence in a written text. Other follow a social approach to analyze the social cultural context in which a written text occurs. However, it is demonstrated that the linguistic and the social cultural elements in a written text cannot be disassociated and that an approach, which combine the two approaches is required. Such an approach is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Therefore, this paper discusses the way in which SFL is used as an approach to analyzing linguistic features of academic discourses and how those features relate to social cultural context. In this paper, it is shown that SFL provides the means to analyze not only the linguistic resources employed in a written text but also the context in which the text is used. These linguistic resources are associated with the creation of ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning at the level of lexicogrammar and discourse semantic. The context is modelled through register and genre theory.
Different Levels of Stylistics Analysis 1.Phonological level 2.Graphologic...RajpootBhatti5
Levels of stylistics analysis
1.Phonological level
2.Graphological level
3.Grammatical level
Language of newspaper headlines
4.Pragmatics level
5.Conversation or discourse analysis
Presented
by
Ata ul ghafer & shoiba sabir
Department of Applied linguistics
GCUF
used for reporting in Introduction to Stylistics
includes the types of style (expository/argumentative, descriptive, narrative, persuasive) basic principles in stylistic analysis, teaching of language and literature: a case for stylistics, and stylistics and levels of language
Lexical stylistic devices and expressive means -with examplesAngel Ortega
This powerpoint shows lexical stylistic devices as explained by IR.R. Galperin. some exmaple are taken form the net the others were created by the author of this powerpoint..
Transitivity in Pope Francis's Speech Addressed to U. S. CongressYusep Ardiansyah
A linguistic-based research paper focusing on analyzing the transitivity in Pope Francis's speech that he delivered in front of U. S. Congress on September in Washington.
SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS
SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS (SFL) and Register
Systemic Functional Linguistics was developed by M.A.K. Halliday
Systemic in SFL refers to a conception of language as a network of systems, or choices, for expressing meaning.
Functional refers to a concern for what language does and how it does it, in contrast to more structural approaches.
SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS (SFL)
Language is functional
Language is construed as a practical means of expressing meanings rather than as an abstract set of relations.
Scholars who influenced Halliday:
Firth gave the notion of language as a set of systems and the importance of context in the interpretation of meaning.
Malinowski, with his emphasis on the relation between language and context, that is, his idea that you need to be in the particular context to understand the meaning of an utterance, and his notion of multiplicities of languages according to situations.
Whorf, who also insisted on how language was influenced by environment.
Hjelmslev, and his notion of language as the level of expression of a higher-level semiotic system.
The functional approach of the Prague school of linguistics, especially with regard to the textual metafunction.
SFL views grammar and lexis (vocabulary) as working together in making meanings: this combination is referred to as lexicogrammar.
According to SFL, meanings are expressed according to three broad metafunctions:
The ideational metafunction is concerned with things (real or imagined) in the world.
It is to do with actions, events and states (referred to as processes), for example, run, occur, be; participants in those processes, for example, he, she, man, car, weather, and the circumstances in which those processes occur, that is, how, when, and where.
Two components of ideational metafunction:
1. the experiential component (to do with experience and understanding of
the world)
2. the logical component (to do with logical relations)
The interpersonal function has to do with relationships between participants, not only in spoken texts, but also in written texts (with regard to how the writer interacts with the reader).
The textual metafunction relates to the construction of text, how it is held together and what gives it texture. The textual function is an enabling function, because the two other functions ‘depend on being able to build up sequences of discourse, organizing the discursive flow, creating cohesion and continuity as it moves along’ (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004: 30).
Another explanation:
The ideational metafunction is that part of the meaning which concerns the way external reality is represented in the text. In informal terms it might be thought of as the content of the message,and is probably what many think of first when they refer to a semantic component. This means that it is intimately concerned with the processes involved, whether they be actions, ...
Pragmatics and Discourse , context & speech actsNaeemIqbal88
Pragmatics and Discourse
What is pragmatics?
An approach within DA which concentrates on the way language
acquires meaning in use. It has developed from the tradition of the
philosophy of language known as pragmatics.
Focus: The study of contextualised meaning and is concerned with
describing the principles that underlie how we interpret the meaning
behind words: how we get from what we say to what we mean.
Pragmatic approaches tend to be interested in the 'big picture': trying
to formulate generalisable principles about how people produce and
interpret discourse (eg’ the use of humour in business meetings’).
Context
Context is an important concept in DA. Language does not take place in a vacuum and we
need to consider the context in which it occurs in order to understand it.
However, this seemingly unproblematic statement masks the issues and debates that are
ongoing in discourse analysis around the concept of context and its significance.
Two types of context
The 'intrinsic' or 'linguistic' context which refers to information that can be found
within the text that surrounds the language that is being analysed at a particular
moment. It is generally agreed that this type of context is not only useful but essential.
The more problematic type of context lies outside the actual text: what is sometimes
called 'extrinsic' (Schegloff 1997) or 'experiential' context.
This refers to all sorts of information about setting, situation, social circumstances of the
participants such as age, gender, ethnicity and possibly also about the shared
background knowledge and assumptions of the participants.
So, in the example:
'Later, an item about vasectomy and the results of the do-it-yourself competition'
(from Cameron 2001:12)
 The issue with extrinsic context is moving from description to interpretation in
research. Along with describing 'what' is happening in the discourse , it is also
important to interpret 'why' it is happening.
 Extrinsic contextual evidence can be potentially very useful in discussing why
participants say a particular thing in a particular way at a particular time,
however, there is also a danger of 'reading too much into the text' and of
judging which out of many possible interpretations is the 'right' one.
For instance, if the analyst is aware of gender, age or ethic difference among
discourse participants, these variables may well appear to influence the
discourse but how do we know which of these particular variables are
important to the participants in an particular communicative event.
 This is not to say that we should ignore extrinsic context but to suggest that we
need to be cautious about what we select as significant and rigorous about how
we incorporate it into our analyses. Schegloff (1997) advises that the best
option is to use only what can be shown to be relevant to participants.
 Can you imagine a meaningful context for this text?
a. Which of you was the prawns?
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys and the Road Ahead.pdf
Functional stylistics
1.
2.
Transitivity is purely a syntactic description; it
is based on whether a verb takes an Object or
not.
If a verb takes an object ,it is transitive ,
while,
a verb ,not carrying an object is intransitive.
3. is the grammar of
discourse
2. mood is the grammar of
speech function
3.Transitivity is the grammar
of experience .
1.theme
4. Grammatical transitivity - concerned with the
relations between elements in a clause
I walked
INTRANSITIVE CLAUSE
I walked the dog
TRANSITIVE CLAUSE
6.
Transitivity is a semantic process in the
analysis of representation of reality.
transitivity enables us to analyze and
represent the same event and situation in
different ways.
The transitivity patterns can also indicate the
certain mind-set or worldview “framed by the
authorial ideology”
7. According
to Halliday ,there
are three major functions of
language .
1. Ideational
2. Textual
3. interpersonal
8. The
ideational function is the
use of language to express
content(speaker‟s attitude
towards the world) and to
communicate information
9. The
textual function is the
use of language to signify
discourse.( how the speaker
or a writer constructs a text
)
11.
The ideational function of the clause is
concerned with the “transmission of ideas.”
Its function is that of “representing
„processes‟ or „experiences‟.
(actions, events, processes of consciousness
and relations) .
12.
all phenomena…and
anything that can be expressed by a verb :
event, whether physical or not, state, or
relation,
the “processes” expressed through language
are product of our conception of the world or
point of view.
13.
Our most powerful conception of reality is
that it consists of “goings-on” : of doing,
happening, feeling, being.
These goings-on are sorted out in the
semantic system of the language, and
expressed through the grammar of the
clause…
14.
Transitivity specifies the different types of
process that are recognized in the language,
and the structures by which they are
expressed.
The task of transitivity analysis, is to discover
the relation between meanings and wordings
that accounts for the organization of
linguistic features in a text.
15. The semantic processes expressed by clauses
have potentially three components
1. the process itself, which will be expressed
by the verb phrase in a clause.
2. the participants in the clause, which refer to
the roles of entities that are directly involved
in the process
16.
the one that does, behaves or says, together
with the passive one that is done to, said to,
etc.
. The participants are not necessarily humans
or even animate
The participant entities are normally realized
by noun phrases in the clause.
17. 3. the circumstances associated with the
process, which are typically expressed by
adverbial and prepositional phrases.
18.
The transitivity model provides a means of
discovering how certain linguistic structures
of a text encode the particular worldview or
ideological stance of a reader/speaker.
19.
Linguistic codes do not reflect reality
neutrally; they interpret, organize, and
classify the subjects of discourse. They
embody theories of how the world is
arranged: world-views or ideologies.
20.
to uncover the principle
“who or what
what?”
does what
to whom or
22.
transitivity is purely a syntactic description; it
is based on whether a verb takes an Object or
not.
If a verb takes object , it is called Transitive.
If it does not take an object it is intransitive.
23.
The analysis is purely semantic ,rather than
the syntactic one .
An important question is whether there is an
implication of an animate individual
Actor/Agent intentionally doing the action to
another entity Goal.
24.
social and cultural factors
as well as any individual mind-set.
Different social structures and value systems
require different patterns of transitivity.
25. Three things are to be found out :
1. Isolate the process per se, and determine
which participant who or what is doing each
process ;
2. Determine what sorts of process they
are, and which participant is engaged in
which type of process ;
26. 3. Determine who or what is affected or
seems to be affected by each of these
processes.
27.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Transitivity processes can be classified into :
Material (doing){ kick ,run ,paint ,send}
Relational (being or becoming) {be ,have
,become}
Mental
(sensing){see,hear,know ,like}
Verbal
(saying){say ,tell
,warn,argue,ask}
Behavioral (behaving){laugh,talk ,cry,breath}
Existential (existing){there is…………….}
28.
Material processes are processes of doing in
the physical world.
Two inherent participants are Actor and Goal
,the first being an obligatory element and
expresses the doer of the process , and later
being an optional element and expresses the
person or entity affected by the process
29.
Material Processes: physical actions in the
real world and their Participants:
- Actor: the one who does the action
- Goal: The one who is affected by the action
- Recipient: the one who receives something
- Beneficiary: the one for whom something is
done
30.
John drove Mary home
Actor Process Goal Circ: destination
Mary was driven home by John
Goal Process Circ: destination Actor
John gave Mary a book
Actor Process Recipient Goal
John built Mary a house
Actor Process Beneficiary Goal
31.
There is an extra element called
CIRCUMSTANCE which provides additional
information on the “when, where, how, and
why” of the process.
The Circumstantial meaning is realized, not in
nominal phrases, but as either adverbial
phrases or prepositional phrases, and so is
subsidiary in status to the process.
33.
John(actor) kicked (process :material) the
ball.(goal )
, John(actor) hit(process:material) the man
(Goal) very hard.circumstance :manner)
The boat (actor) sailed(process :material) in
the bay.(circumstance :place )
34.
Of course, it is possible to reverse Actor/Goal
in a passive form, placing a Goal at an initial
position and Actor at the end of the sentence,
such as :
The man was hit by John.
35.
Relational processes are concerned with the
process of being in the world of abstract
relations.
Normally, an abstract relationship that exists
between two participants associated with the
process is considered, but unlike the case of
material process, a participant does not affect
the other participant in a physical sense.
36.
John is talented
&
John is the leader
But to define relational processes is not so
easy.
relational process are quite complex and
controversial
37. In systemic functional grammar:
I
PARTICIPANT
(ACTOR)
walked
PROCESS
(MATERIAL P)
the dog
PARTICIPANT
(GOAL)
The student wrote
the essay
(ACTOR)
(GOAL)
(MATERIAL P)
38. Other examples, other processes
The student
(ACTOR)
The student
(SAYER)
The lecturer
(SENSER)
*The essay
(PHENOMENON)
wrote
the essay
(MATERIAL P)
(GOAL)
argued
the case that ….
(VERBAL P)
(VERBIAGE)
appreciated
(MENTAL P)
impresssed
(MENTAL P)
the essay
(PHENOMENON)
the lecturer
(SENSER)
39.
Halliday: The system of transitivity in
language is concerned with
representing patterns of experience,
“of goings on” and “happenings” in the
world….It construes the world into a
manageable set of PROCESS types and
of PARTICIPANTS
41. Mental Processes: processes of
perception, cognition, affection
- Senser: the one who does the mental
action
- Phenomenon: The thing that is
perceived, thought, appreciated
43.
John saw Mary
Senser Process
Phenomenon{perception}
John thought that Mary was coming
Senser Process
Phenomenon{cognition}
That he was tall pleased Mary
Phenomenon Process Senser{emotion}
44. Verbal Processes: processes of
communication:
- Sayer: the one who communicates
- Addressee: the one receiving the
message
- Verbiage: What they say
45.
John said that he was tired
Sayer Process Verbiage
John told Mary to go
Sayer Process Addressee Verbiage
John was told to go by Mary
Addressee Process Verbiage Sayer
46. Relational Processes: expressing
possession, equivalence, attributes...
- Carrier: An entity being described
- Attribute: The description of the
entity
John is tall
Carrier Process Attribute
47.
- Possessor: the one owning or containing
something
- Possessed: the thing owned or contained.
John owns a Mercedes
Possessor Process Possession
- Token: an entity being equated with
another
- Value: the other description.
John is the president
Token Process Value
48. As
a rule of thumb, a behavioral
process verb is
a. Intransitive (it has only one
participant) and
b.
Indicates an activity in which
both the physical and mental
aspects are inseparable and
indispensable to it.
49.
In this process, there is only one participant,
namely: behaver (the agent who behaves),
example:
Buff neither laughs ,nor smiles.
Behaver
(process)
50.
These processes represent that something
exists or happens.
These clauses typically have the verb be, or
some other verb expressing existence, such
as exist, arise, followed by a nominal group
functioning as Existent (a thing which exists
in the process)
52. 1.
2.
3.
4.
Jack and jill went up the hill ,to fetch a pail
of water .
Jim said he reckoned I would believe him
next time
Spurs played Liverpool. They beat them
The cops chased the robbers. They caught
them
53.
Circumstances: any kind of contingent fact or
subsidiary
situation which is associated with the process
or the main
situation
– The museum is round the corner
– Do it gently.
– He watered the garden with a hose
– I left because I was tired.