This document discusses a study of a sustainable sanitation system for Yadgir City in India using GIS and remote sensing. It aims to design a technically and financially self-sustainable sanitation infrastructure system. The study area is described, including population projections showing expected growth. Current sewage collection and treatment is evaluated. Proposed treatment involves stabilization ponds to treat sewage in an energy efficient and economical manner. Treated effluent would be used for agriculture. Maps show catchment areas and contours. Population growth rates are projected and estimated sewage generation is calculated. The tributary river is found to be 83% contaminated by sewage, demonstrating the need for improved sanitation infrastructure.
IRJET - Groundwater Quality Analysis using GISIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed groundwater quality in Guruvayur, Kerala, India using GIS. Water samples from 7 locations were collected and tested for parameters like pH, TDS, EC, alkalinity and chloride. Spatial distribution maps of these parameters were generated using GIS which showed higher contaminant levels in coastal areas likely due to saltwater intrusion. An overall water quality index was also calculated for each sample. While sample quality was within permissible limits, the study concluded groundwater quality management could be improved through measures like well covers and rainwater harvesting to recharge aquifers. GIS provided an effective method to analyze and map groundwater quality across the study area.
IRJET- Study of Biofiltration System and its ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on biofiltration systems and their applications. It discusses vermifiltration, which uses earthworms to treat wastewater. Four efficient earthworm species were identified - Red tiger worm, African Night crawler, Indian blue worm, and Red worm. The document also describes a case study of a biofiltration treatment plant in Sahakarnagar, Pune that uses the Tiger biofiltration technology to treat 5 lakh liters of greywater per day. Standards for wastewater disposal are provided. The conclusion is that vermifiltration can help solve water scarcity problems by reusing wastewater, and adding a granular activated carbon layer could increase treatment
The document summarizes a study that analyzed changes in wetlands and their ecosystem services in the cities of Kolkata and Nagpur, India between 2000 and 2013 using satellite imagery and field surveys. It found significant losses of wetland areas in both cities due to urbanization and changes in land use. Though many wetlands still provide a variety of important ecosystem services, conservation policies are needed to protect the remaining wetlands from further losses.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Study of Bioreactors for Biological Treatment of WastewaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study comparing the efficiency of two bioreactors - Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR) and Biocord - for biological wastewater treatment. A pilot wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 1600 litres per day was set up using each bioreactor. Samples from the influent and effluent were tested for parameters like BOD, COD, TSS, TN and pH. The results showed that the Biocord bioreactor achieved higher removal rates for all parameters, ranging from 80-95% removal compared to 50-90% for MBBR. It was also observed that more biomass attached to the Biocord, reducing the footprint needed. Therefore,
Prediction of biodegradability ratios in wastewater treatment plant of Skhira...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— In this note, our study was carried out by physico-chemical monitoring in terms of organic matter. The mean objective is to evaluate the performance of the Skhirat wastewater treatment plant based on the ratios COD/BOD and BOD/COD in order to know the degree of biodegradability and to make the decision about the treatment model to choose. In fact, the performances acquired in terms of COD and BOD are respectively of the order of 87.26% and 88.35%; what is significant downstream of this station that we take advantage of to irrigate several green spaces by saving all conventional water resources. In addition, the organic material is easily biodegradable with ratios of COD/BOD and BOD/COD respectively of about 2.05 and 0.49. This allows us to adopt an appropriate biological treatment by design and sizing suitable structures.
An Ex-Ante Evaluation for Solid Waste Treatment Facilities using LCCAcivej
The application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in infrastructure facilities projects has been
marginalised so far especially in real-life projects. In many cases, the significance of this tool is not the
end result by itself but the improvements that can be made to the infrastructure facility design during and
as a result of the LCCA model development. This paper presents lessons-learnt from analysing and
developing a LCCA model for an actual integrated municipal solid waste management infrastructure
facility using the anaerobic treatment technology and recycling. The development of the LCCA model for
the facility involved several distinctive steps such as system analysis and disintegration, maintenance and
operation cost data acquisition, identifying relevant performance indicators for each operation that can be
utilized in tandem with the LCCA model, setting up serviceability threshold for each operation. In addition
to model development description, the paper highlights the requirements needed and the impediments that
may be encountered when developing LCCA model for solid waste management facilities. At the end, the
paper concludes with providing recommendations for decision makers and researchers in this field based
on the experience gained from the model development.
An Ex-Ante Evaluation for Solid Waste Treatment Facilities using LCCAcivejjour
The application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in infrastructure facilities projects has been marginalised so far especially in real-life projects. In many cases, the significance of this tool is not the end result by itself but the improvements that can be made to the infrastructure facility design during and as a result of the LCCA model development. This paper presents lessons-learnt from analysing and developing a LCCA model for an actual integrated municipal solid waste management infrastructure facility using the anaerobic treatment technology and recycling. The development of the LCCA model for the facility involved several distinctive steps such as system analysis and disintegration, maintenance and operation cost data acquisition, identifying relevant performance indicators for each operation that can be utilized in tandem with the LCCA model, setting up serviceability threshold for each operation. In addition to model development description, the paper highlights the requirements needed and the impediments that may be encountered when developing LCCA model for solid waste management facilities. At the end, the paper concludes with providing recommendations for decision makers and researchers in this field based on the experience gained from the model development.
IRJET - Groundwater Quality Analysis using GISIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed groundwater quality in Guruvayur, Kerala, India using GIS. Water samples from 7 locations were collected and tested for parameters like pH, TDS, EC, alkalinity and chloride. Spatial distribution maps of these parameters were generated using GIS which showed higher contaminant levels in coastal areas likely due to saltwater intrusion. An overall water quality index was also calculated for each sample. While sample quality was within permissible limits, the study concluded groundwater quality management could be improved through measures like well covers and rainwater harvesting to recharge aquifers. GIS provided an effective method to analyze and map groundwater quality across the study area.
IRJET- Study of Biofiltration System and its ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on biofiltration systems and their applications. It discusses vermifiltration, which uses earthworms to treat wastewater. Four efficient earthworm species were identified - Red tiger worm, African Night crawler, Indian blue worm, and Red worm. The document also describes a case study of a biofiltration treatment plant in Sahakarnagar, Pune that uses the Tiger biofiltration technology to treat 5 lakh liters of greywater per day. Standards for wastewater disposal are provided. The conclusion is that vermifiltration can help solve water scarcity problems by reusing wastewater, and adding a granular activated carbon layer could increase treatment
The document summarizes a study that analyzed changes in wetlands and their ecosystem services in the cities of Kolkata and Nagpur, India between 2000 and 2013 using satellite imagery and field surveys. It found significant losses of wetland areas in both cities due to urbanization and changes in land use. Though many wetlands still provide a variety of important ecosystem services, conservation policies are needed to protect the remaining wetlands from further losses.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Study of Bioreactors for Biological Treatment of WastewaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study comparing the efficiency of two bioreactors - Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR) and Biocord - for biological wastewater treatment. A pilot wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 1600 litres per day was set up using each bioreactor. Samples from the influent and effluent were tested for parameters like BOD, COD, TSS, TN and pH. The results showed that the Biocord bioreactor achieved higher removal rates for all parameters, ranging from 80-95% removal compared to 50-90% for MBBR. It was also observed that more biomass attached to the Biocord, reducing the footprint needed. Therefore,
Prediction of biodegradability ratios in wastewater treatment plant of Skhira...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— In this note, our study was carried out by physico-chemical monitoring in terms of organic matter. The mean objective is to evaluate the performance of the Skhirat wastewater treatment plant based on the ratios COD/BOD and BOD/COD in order to know the degree of biodegradability and to make the decision about the treatment model to choose. In fact, the performances acquired in terms of COD and BOD are respectively of the order of 87.26% and 88.35%; what is significant downstream of this station that we take advantage of to irrigate several green spaces by saving all conventional water resources. In addition, the organic material is easily biodegradable with ratios of COD/BOD and BOD/COD respectively of about 2.05 and 0.49. This allows us to adopt an appropriate biological treatment by design and sizing suitable structures.
An Ex-Ante Evaluation for Solid Waste Treatment Facilities using LCCAcivej
The application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in infrastructure facilities projects has been
marginalised so far especially in real-life projects. In many cases, the significance of this tool is not the
end result by itself but the improvements that can be made to the infrastructure facility design during and
as a result of the LCCA model development. This paper presents lessons-learnt from analysing and
developing a LCCA model for an actual integrated municipal solid waste management infrastructure
facility using the anaerobic treatment technology and recycling. The development of the LCCA model for
the facility involved several distinctive steps such as system analysis and disintegration, maintenance and
operation cost data acquisition, identifying relevant performance indicators for each operation that can be
utilized in tandem with the LCCA model, setting up serviceability threshold for each operation. In addition
to model development description, the paper highlights the requirements needed and the impediments that
may be encountered when developing LCCA model for solid waste management facilities. At the end, the
paper concludes with providing recommendations for decision makers and researchers in this field based
on the experience gained from the model development.
An Ex-Ante Evaluation for Solid Waste Treatment Facilities using LCCAcivejjour
The application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in infrastructure facilities projects has been marginalised so far especially in real-life projects. In many cases, the significance of this tool is not the end result by itself but the improvements that can be made to the infrastructure facility design during and as a result of the LCCA model development. This paper presents lessons-learnt from analysing and developing a LCCA model for an actual integrated municipal solid waste management infrastructure facility using the anaerobic treatment technology and recycling. The development of the LCCA model for the facility involved several distinctive steps such as system analysis and disintegration, maintenance and operation cost data acquisition, identifying relevant performance indicators for each operation that can be utilized in tandem with the LCCA model, setting up serviceability threshold for each operation. In addition to model development description, the paper highlights the requirements needed and the impediments that may be encountered when developing LCCA model for solid waste management facilities. At the end, the paper concludes with providing recommendations for decision makers and researchers in this field based on the experience gained from the model development.
A novel fuzzy rule based system for assessment of ground water potability: A ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a novel fuzzy rule-based system to assess groundwater potability in South India. Groundwater samples were collected from 24 districts in Karnataka and analyzed for 8 water quality parameters. A fuzzy logic approach was used to convert parameter concentrations into fuzzy membership values. Analytic hierarchy process was applied to assign weights to parameters. Rules were generated to classify water samples into one of four potability categories. The system found that 51.78% of samples from the 24 districts were not suitable for consumption based on their salt contents. A knowledge base and inference engine were developed as the main components of the fuzzy rule-based system.
Development of a GIS-Based System for Management of Water Distribution Networ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a GIS-based system to manage the water distribution network for Achara Layout in Enugu, Nigeria. The system was created using data on the water pipelines, parcel boundaries, and customer attributes collected from government agencies. The data was processed in ArcGIS to create basemaps and a database. Queries were used to analyze service issues, finding that 50.7% of customers have access to water while 27.73% have no access and 21.57% have non-functional connections. The management system will help improve service delivery, maintenance planning, and revenue collection for the water agency.
Reuse Options of Reclaimed Waste Water in Chennai Cityijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
IRJET- Automatic Separation of Municipal Waste using PLC and Smart HopperIRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic system for separating municipal waste using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and smart hopper. The system separates waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. Municipal waste is poured into a special hopper controlled by a PLC. The hopper adds water and stirs the waste before separating out non-biodegradable items using a sweeper. Biodegradable waste is then placed on a conveyor belt to further remove small metal pieces for recycling purposes. The system aims to efficiently separate 70-80% of municipal waste with minimum human intervention for composting and recycling applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET - Physico-Chemical Analysis of Ground Water of Bhathat Block of Gorakhp...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the physicochemical properties of groundwater samples collected from 13 locations in the Bhathat Block of Gorakhpur District, India. The parameters tested include pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, and fluoride. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques like inverse distance weighted interpolation were used to map the spatial distribution of water quality. The water quality index was calculated to evaluate the overall quality of water. Most parameters were within acceptable limits according to BIS standards, though some locations had higher levels of nitrates and fluorides. The study aims to assess groundwater quality in the region and identify polluted areas to enable remedial measures.
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
Monitoring crop consumptive water use by applying recent remote sensing techniques has become a topic of research interest in water resources management and planning. In irrigated agriculture, conventional methods of estimating water use are costly. This study aims at estimate the relationship between tobacco crop evapotranspiration (ETcrop) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the crop development stage at Chedgelow irrigated farm in Zimbabwe. Tobacco ETcrop was estimated as a product of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc). The Penman-Monteith model was applied to estimate ETo using climate data from Kutsaga research station, some 2 km away from the farm. Kc values were extracted from FAO tables. Five cloud-free MODIS images for the month of October in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2007 were processed extract the NDVI values using ILWIS GIS. The results show significant (p = 0.000) differences between tobacco NDVI values over the years studied. The results also show a strong and significant positive relationship (r2 = 0.8061, p = 0.047) between ETcrop estimated using Penman Monteith model and NDVI. Research findings show that satellite derived NDVI is a good and reliable predictor of tobacco crop water evapotranspiration. Therefore, remotely sensed NDVI can be used to monitor crop water use in irrigated tobacco fields in areas where resources do not permit field measurements.
Artificial intelligence based control approach for membrane bioreactor in sew...eSAT Journals
Abstract Membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, which have increasingly been employed for the last 15 years and which play an important role in wastewater treatment. It is the continuation of the fundamental contribution of sewage water treatment, which is extended and complemented in various aspects. In this project an advanced control approach is made to bring desired purification for sewage water. The major challenge in controlling MBR is the large amount of uncertainty present in the process models, in the unknown inflow conditions, and in the limited measurement information. Hence, controller development is driven by the necessity to structure uncertainty, to attenuate its harmful effects, and to exploit it wherever possible. Such a control method is model based predictive controller. The frame work for the model-based control of membrane bioreactors (MBR) is developed, which aims at the economical optimization of MBR operation Keywords: MBR, NMPC, Optimization.
Author: R. Mahender Kumar
Title: Rice Systems Comparisons - Agronomic Effects and GHG Emissions
Presented at: The 5th International Rice Congress (SRI research side event)
Venue: Sands Expo and Convention Centre, Singapore
Date: October 16, 2018
This document outlines a student project to plan and design a stormwater drainage system in Mbogwe, Geita, Tanzania. The project aims to address flooding issues during rainy seasons by designing an open channel drainage system over 1.2 km from the accumulation point to a discharge area. Methodology includes determining peak discharge using the Rational Method, topographical surveying, hydraulic design of the open channel using Manning's equation, and assessing water quality for potential rice cultivation. The student provides background on the area and problem statement, objectives, scope of work, significance, literature review, methodology, schedule, budget, and references.
IRJET- Assessment of Groundwater Quality in & Around Ranebennur Taluk, Ha...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed groundwater quality in Ranebennur Taluk, Haveri District, India using GIS. Water samples from 20 locations were collected and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters according to WHO standards. A water quality index was calculated and spatial variation maps were generated in ArcGIS. The study found that most sample locations had water quality that was very poor or unfit for drinking according to the water quality index. The study concluded that groundwater in the region requires precautionary actions before drinking to prevent health effects and recommended continued monitoring, regulations, and further GPR and geophysical studies.
Zero water discharge for sustainable development an investigation of a pigmen...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The pigment industry is one of the most important industries in India. Its biggest impact on the environment is related to primary water consumption and wastewater discharge. Reuse of wastewaters represents an economical and ecological challenge for the chemical sector. In this research, a 3000 m3/month traditional WWTP plant has been investigated and also suggested for installation of tertiary treatment for zero water discharge for a sustainable development. The results showed that the average recycling of water per month were about 80%. The cost excluded for the treatment by the means of electrical energy and by other means; but the recycling of water by removal of effluents with tertiary treatment can save the cost of purchase of fresh water. It is also observed that the environmental safety can be achieved by reducing the acidic contaminated waste water flow to the environment.
IRJET- Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting System in Dilkap College Ca...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that implemented a rainwater harvesting system at the Dilkap College campus in India. The system collects rainwater from rooftops and open spaces using gutters and downpipes. The water is filtered using a dual intensity filter before entering a stormwater drain with velocity control. It then percolates through a ring well system into the underground water table, recharging an existing bore well. The system was designed to meet the campus' daily water demand of over 1,000 cubic meters and make use of the area's high annual rainfall to provide a sustainable water source and conserve groundwater resources. Soil testing was conducted to determine appropriate filter media and the ability of the local soil to infiltrate water for
Improving the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Systems to Enhance Water ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses improving wastewater treatment systems to enhance water quality and sustainability. It describes how wastewater treatment involves a multi-stage process to remove contaminants and make the water suitable for reuse. This includes preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using bacteria to break down organic matter, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced purification. The document also examines various techniques used for industrial and domestic wastewater treatment and their benefits, such as using algae, membranes, and immobilized microbes.
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an EcocityIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing an eco-city in India through sustainable waste management. It analyzes the current solid waste management process and issues in India. The key points are:
1) India's increasing urbanization is leading to higher waste generation and unsustainability. The eco-city concept aims to create more sustainable cities through principles like renewable energy, green spaces, and efficient resource use.
2) Hoshangabad, India is proposed as a study area. It currently faces waste management problems like improper segregation and landfill dumping.
3) The document outlines the steps in solid waste management according to Indian laws - generation, segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal. It aims to
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AT AMBAJIIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing and optimizing the water distribution system in Ambaji, India. The study used EPANET software to develop a water distribution network model and analyze the existing system. The population of Ambaji was projected for the next three decades using three methods. Head loss, pressure, and elevation were analyzed at various nodes in the system. The findings revealed less head loss, which is important for maintaining constant pressure. The designed network aims to provide a suitable distribution system with minimal head loss, maximum pressure, and efficient pipe diameters to meet future population growth.
IRJET- Review on Economical Water Treatment PlantIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the need for economical water treatment plants in villages in India, as many villages still do not have access to treated water.
2) It proposes a design for an economical water treatment plant that uses a natural coagulant called Polyglu. The process involves flocculation, filtration, and disinfection to purify water in a low-cost manner.
3) Review of existing literature on water treatment plant design and performance is provided, highlighting studies on optimizing conventional treatment plants, incorporating variability in plant design, and advanced treatment techniques. The conclusion is that economical water treatment options are needed to provide clean water to more villages in India and reduce waterborne diseases.
IRJET- Study of Bioreactors for Biological Treatment of WastewaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study comparing the efficiency of two types of bioreactors - moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) and biocord reactors - for the biological treatment of wastewater. A pilot wastewater treatment plant was set up in India using each bioreactor type to test their performance. Samples from the influent and effluent of each system were analyzed to determine the most economical and effective bioreactor for removing biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids from the wastewater. The results of these tests helped identify which bioreactor was best suited for wastewater treatment implementation purposes.
A novel fuzzy rule based system for assessment of ground water potability: A ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a novel fuzzy rule-based system to assess groundwater potability in South India. Groundwater samples were collected from 24 districts in Karnataka and analyzed for 8 water quality parameters. A fuzzy logic approach was used to convert parameter concentrations into fuzzy membership values. Analytic hierarchy process was applied to assign weights to parameters. Rules were generated to classify water samples into one of four potability categories. The system found that 51.78% of samples from the 24 districts were not suitable for consumption based on their salt contents. A knowledge base and inference engine were developed as the main components of the fuzzy rule-based system.
Development of a GIS-Based System for Management of Water Distribution Networ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a GIS-based system to manage the water distribution network for Achara Layout in Enugu, Nigeria. The system was created using data on the water pipelines, parcel boundaries, and customer attributes collected from government agencies. The data was processed in ArcGIS to create basemaps and a database. Queries were used to analyze service issues, finding that 50.7% of customers have access to water while 27.73% have no access and 21.57% have non-functional connections. The management system will help improve service delivery, maintenance planning, and revenue collection for the water agency.
Reuse Options of Reclaimed Waste Water in Chennai Cityijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
IRJET- Automatic Separation of Municipal Waste using PLC and Smart HopperIRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic system for separating municipal waste using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and smart hopper. The system separates waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. Municipal waste is poured into a special hopper controlled by a PLC. The hopper adds water and stirs the waste before separating out non-biodegradable items using a sweeper. Biodegradable waste is then placed on a conveyor belt to further remove small metal pieces for recycling purposes. The system aims to efficiently separate 70-80% of municipal waste with minimum human intervention for composting and recycling applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET - Physico-Chemical Analysis of Ground Water of Bhathat Block of Gorakhp...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the physicochemical properties of groundwater samples collected from 13 locations in the Bhathat Block of Gorakhpur District, India. The parameters tested include pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, and fluoride. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques like inverse distance weighted interpolation were used to map the spatial distribution of water quality. The water quality index was calculated to evaluate the overall quality of water. Most parameters were within acceptable limits according to BIS standards, though some locations had higher levels of nitrates and fluorides. The study aims to assess groundwater quality in the region and identify polluted areas to enable remedial measures.
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
Monitoring crop consumptive water use by applying recent remote sensing techniques has become a topic of research interest in water resources management and planning. In irrigated agriculture, conventional methods of estimating water use are costly. This study aims at estimate the relationship between tobacco crop evapotranspiration (ETcrop) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the crop development stage at Chedgelow irrigated farm in Zimbabwe. Tobacco ETcrop was estimated as a product of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc). The Penman-Monteith model was applied to estimate ETo using climate data from Kutsaga research station, some 2 km away from the farm. Kc values were extracted from FAO tables. Five cloud-free MODIS images for the month of October in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2007 were processed extract the NDVI values using ILWIS GIS. The results show significant (p = 0.000) differences between tobacco NDVI values over the years studied. The results also show a strong and significant positive relationship (r2 = 0.8061, p = 0.047) between ETcrop estimated using Penman Monteith model and NDVI. Research findings show that satellite derived NDVI is a good and reliable predictor of tobacco crop water evapotranspiration. Therefore, remotely sensed NDVI can be used to monitor crop water use in irrigated tobacco fields in areas where resources do not permit field measurements.
Artificial intelligence based control approach for membrane bioreactor in sew...eSAT Journals
Abstract Membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, which have increasingly been employed for the last 15 years and which play an important role in wastewater treatment. It is the continuation of the fundamental contribution of sewage water treatment, which is extended and complemented in various aspects. In this project an advanced control approach is made to bring desired purification for sewage water. The major challenge in controlling MBR is the large amount of uncertainty present in the process models, in the unknown inflow conditions, and in the limited measurement information. Hence, controller development is driven by the necessity to structure uncertainty, to attenuate its harmful effects, and to exploit it wherever possible. Such a control method is model based predictive controller. The frame work for the model-based control of membrane bioreactors (MBR) is developed, which aims at the economical optimization of MBR operation Keywords: MBR, NMPC, Optimization.
Author: R. Mahender Kumar
Title: Rice Systems Comparisons - Agronomic Effects and GHG Emissions
Presented at: The 5th International Rice Congress (SRI research side event)
Venue: Sands Expo and Convention Centre, Singapore
Date: October 16, 2018
This document outlines a student project to plan and design a stormwater drainage system in Mbogwe, Geita, Tanzania. The project aims to address flooding issues during rainy seasons by designing an open channel drainage system over 1.2 km from the accumulation point to a discharge area. Methodology includes determining peak discharge using the Rational Method, topographical surveying, hydraulic design of the open channel using Manning's equation, and assessing water quality for potential rice cultivation. The student provides background on the area and problem statement, objectives, scope of work, significance, literature review, methodology, schedule, budget, and references.
IRJET- Assessment of Groundwater Quality in & Around Ranebennur Taluk, Ha...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed groundwater quality in Ranebennur Taluk, Haveri District, India using GIS. Water samples from 20 locations were collected and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters according to WHO standards. A water quality index was calculated and spatial variation maps were generated in ArcGIS. The study found that most sample locations had water quality that was very poor or unfit for drinking according to the water quality index. The study concluded that groundwater in the region requires precautionary actions before drinking to prevent health effects and recommended continued monitoring, regulations, and further GPR and geophysical studies.
Zero water discharge for sustainable development an investigation of a pigmen...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The pigment industry is one of the most important industries in India. Its biggest impact on the environment is related to primary water consumption and wastewater discharge. Reuse of wastewaters represents an economical and ecological challenge for the chemical sector. In this research, a 3000 m3/month traditional WWTP plant has been investigated and also suggested for installation of tertiary treatment for zero water discharge for a sustainable development. The results showed that the average recycling of water per month were about 80%. The cost excluded for the treatment by the means of electrical energy and by other means; but the recycling of water by removal of effluents with tertiary treatment can save the cost of purchase of fresh water. It is also observed that the environmental safety can be achieved by reducing the acidic contaminated waste water flow to the environment.
IRJET- Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting System in Dilkap College Ca...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that implemented a rainwater harvesting system at the Dilkap College campus in India. The system collects rainwater from rooftops and open spaces using gutters and downpipes. The water is filtered using a dual intensity filter before entering a stormwater drain with velocity control. It then percolates through a ring well system into the underground water table, recharging an existing bore well. The system was designed to meet the campus' daily water demand of over 1,000 cubic meters and make use of the area's high annual rainfall to provide a sustainable water source and conserve groundwater resources. Soil testing was conducted to determine appropriate filter media and the ability of the local soil to infiltrate water for
Improving the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Systems to Enhance Water ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses improving wastewater treatment systems to enhance water quality and sustainability. It describes how wastewater treatment involves a multi-stage process to remove contaminants and make the water suitable for reuse. This includes preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using bacteria to break down organic matter, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced purification. The document also examines various techniques used for industrial and domestic wastewater treatment and their benefits, such as using algae, membranes, and immobilized microbes.
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an EcocityIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing an eco-city in India through sustainable waste management. It analyzes the current solid waste management process and issues in India. The key points are:
1) India's increasing urbanization is leading to higher waste generation and unsustainability. The eco-city concept aims to create more sustainable cities through principles like renewable energy, green spaces, and efficient resource use.
2) Hoshangabad, India is proposed as a study area. It currently faces waste management problems like improper segregation and landfill dumping.
3) The document outlines the steps in solid waste management according to Indian laws - generation, segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal. It aims to
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AT AMBAJIIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing and optimizing the water distribution system in Ambaji, India. The study used EPANET software to develop a water distribution network model and analyze the existing system. The population of Ambaji was projected for the next three decades using three methods. Head loss, pressure, and elevation were analyzed at various nodes in the system. The findings revealed less head loss, which is important for maintaining constant pressure. The designed network aims to provide a suitable distribution system with minimal head loss, maximum pressure, and efficient pipe diameters to meet future population growth.
IRJET- Review on Economical Water Treatment PlantIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the need for economical water treatment plants in villages in India, as many villages still do not have access to treated water.
2) It proposes a design for an economical water treatment plant that uses a natural coagulant called Polyglu. The process involves flocculation, filtration, and disinfection to purify water in a low-cost manner.
3) Review of existing literature on water treatment plant design and performance is provided, highlighting studies on optimizing conventional treatment plants, incorporating variability in plant design, and advanced treatment techniques. The conclusion is that economical water treatment options are needed to provide clean water to more villages in India and reduce waterborne diseases.
IRJET- Study of Bioreactors for Biological Treatment of WastewaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study comparing the efficiency of two types of bioreactors - moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) and biocord reactors - for the biological treatment of wastewater. A pilot wastewater treatment plant was set up in India using each bioreactor type to test their performance. Samples from the influent and effluent of each system were analyzed to determine the most economical and effective bioreactor for removing biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids from the wastewater. The results of these tests helped identify which bioreactor was best suited for wastewater treatment implementation purposes.
A REVIEW PAPER ON LOW COST SEWAGE TREATMENT BY ROOTZONE TECHNOLOGY FOR RESIDE...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the use of root zone technology (RZT) as a low-cost alternative for sewage treatment, especially for small towns. It reviews literature on using constructed wetlands and reed beds to treat sewage. A pilot study was conducted using reactors planted with different species to treat sewage from Herle, India. The results showed that RZT was effective at reducing pollutants like BOD, COD, and nutrients. It was found to be a more cost-effective option than conventional treatment plants, making it suitable for small communities that cannot afford expensive options.
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the performance of the urban water sector in Surat City, India using a sustainability index approach. A sustainability index was calculated based on social, economic, environmental, and engineering criteria. Data was collected from the Surat Municipal Corporation and experts were interviewed. The results showed that Surat City has a moderate sustainability index of 0.396. The engineering criteria scored lowest at 0.031, indicating room for improvement in that area. The study provides information on weaknesses in the system and approaches to enhance sustainability of urban water management in Surat City.
Study of Solid Waste Management Using Geospatial Tools for Ichalkaranji CityIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Ichalkaranji City, India using geospatial tools. The study aims to assess the current solid waste management system and compare it to national standards. Geospatial tools like GIS are used to analyze waste generation and infrastructure by administrative ward. Current generation is about 100-125 metric tons per day. Households and commercial establishments account for most waste. The analysis finds room for improving waste collection, segregation, transportation, and disposal. Better planning and management using these tools can help ensure clean urban environments.
IRJET- Identification of Ground Water Contamination Sources in City Envir...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using GIS and remote sensing techniques to identify sources of groundwater contamination in urban environments.
2) Water samples were collected from various locations around Madurai District, India and analyzed for parameters like pH, hardness, chlorine, etc.
3) An interpolation technique was used to create groundwater quality maps from the sample data and visualize spatial patterns of water quality.
Municipal Solid Waste Management; Air Pollution and its’ ImpactIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on air pollution from municipal solid waste management sites in Bailadila, India between February and December 2021. The study measured particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and greenhouse gases (GHG) at waste sources and downwind locations. PM2.5 levels ranged from 50.7 to 89.6 μg/m3 at sources and 69.54 to 95.79 μg/m3 downwind, exceeding national standards. GHG levels were within standards. Higher pollution was recorded in February to June than October to December. The study concludes the ambient air quality at the sites poses health risks and emission control is necessary.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting systems. It begins with an introduction describing rainwater harvesting as the collection and storage of rainwater for later use. It then discusses related work on rainwater harvesting projects at universities. The methodology section outlines the components of a rainwater harvesting system and methods for storing harvested rainwater. Results are presented on water levels from monitoring wells before and after monsoon seasons from 2002-2011. Finally, conclusions state that rainwater harvesting can help solve water scarcity issues and save energy from well pumping while providing household water.
Utilization of Existing Water Sources for Irrigation Purposes-Case Study of K...IRJET Journal
1) The village of Kheware in India faces water scarcity issues that limit farmers to only one crop per year due to unreliable water sources.
2) A study was conducted to analyze Kheware's current water situation including surface and groundwater sources as well as rainfall patterns and village water demand.
3) The study found that an existing percolation tank and groundwater sources like wells provide some water but levels drop significantly in summer, while adequate rainfall runs off without being captured for future use.
Real Time Water Quality Monitoring and Management SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed real-time water quality monitoring and management system using IoT technology. The system will monitor pH levels and total dissolved solids (TDS) in tap water using sensors connected to an Arduino board. It will provide users with information about water quality through a graphical interface. The system aims to help conserve water resources and limit usage. It will use low-cost hardware, including an Arduino Uno board, pH and TDS sensors, and an ESP8266 WiFi module for network connectivity. This will allow real-time monitoring of household water quality and management of water usage.
IRJET- Solid Waste Management of Raichur TownIRJET Journal
- The document analyzes the solid waste management system of Raichur town in India, which has a population of around 234,073.
- It finds that around 93 tons of solid waste is generated in the town per day. The waste consists mainly of organic matter (71.16%) and the per capita waste generation is 0.35 kg/day.
- The moisture content of the solid waste was analyzed through sampling and was found to range from 20-33% on average, depending on the waste composition.
Non Revenue Water Reduction- A Tool for Achiving 24x7 Water SupplyIOSR Journals
The availability of water at cheaper rates promotes the wasteful use of water. People give little or no
attention towards conservation of water. For sustenance of any water supply scheme it is essential that
revenue collected should be sufficient to maintain O & M cost and further development activities. Presently
there is major portion of Non Revenue Water (NRW) in the developing countries and there is urgent need to
curb it for efficient functioning of water supply schemes
IRJET- Assessing Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality using GIS Tec...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed the spatial variability of groundwater quality in Nadia District, West Bengal using GIS techniques. Groundwater quality data was collected from 166 sites during pre- and post-monsoon periods. Spatial distribution maps of water quality parameters were created using inverse distance weighting and natural neighbor interpolation techniques. A water quality index (WQI) map was also developed by integrating six key parameters and assigning weights based on drinking water standards. The WQI for most blocks in the district ranged from very poor to poor quality in both monsoon periods. Due to declining drinking water quality, efforts are needed to improve public health awareness at the household level.
IRJET- Pollution Assessment of Water Bodies in Muvattupuzha Muncipality A...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed water quality in Muvattupuzha Municipality, Kerala, India after floods in 2018 using geographic information systems (GIS). Water samples from 30 locations were collected and analyzed for parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, and chlorides. A water quality index was calculated using a weighted arithmetic method. GIS software was used to create spatial maps of parameter distributions using kriging interpolation. The study found kriging performed better for mapping variations in water quality and identified poor water quality in some areas.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the environmental impact of groundwater quality around the Vellalore dumping yard in Coimbatore, India. It finds that parameters like total dissolved solids, hardness, chlorides, fluorides, turbidity and alkalinity exceed permissible limits, indicating the groundwater is unsuitable for human use. A water quality index was calculated using a weighted arithmetic method and found the water quality rating around the dumping yard ranges from poor to very poor. A health survey also found higher rates of diseases like asthma, fever and dysentery among people living near the landfill site, suggesting environmental pollution is negatively impacting human health in the area.
Similar to Study of Sustainable Sanitation System for Yadgir City using GIS and Remote Sensing (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia