Student guide power systems for aix - virtualization i implementing virtualization

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2013
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM. 7.0
Introduction to partitioning

IBM Power Systems
After completing this unit, you should be able to:
• Describe the following terms:
– Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource
• Describe the following partition concepts:
– Dynamic logical partitioning
– Micro-partitioning
– Shared processor pool
– Virtual I/O
– Live Partition Mobility (LPM)
– Capacity on Demand (CoD)
• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)
• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor
• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions
• List references for IBM Power Systems partitioning information
Unit objectives

IBM Power Systems
• Partition:
• The allocation of one system’s resources to create logically
separate systems.
– An independent operating environment.
From one to many
What is a partition?

CPU,
memory, and I/O
Physical partition
Operating system Operating
system
CPU,
memory, and I/O
CPU,
memory, and I/O
Physical partition
SMP building block SMP building block
IBM Power Systems
• Physical partition:
– Resources are allocated in physical building blocks.
– Blocks contain groups of processors, memory, and I/O slots.
Interconnect
SMP building block
Physical partition

IBM Power Systems
• A partition is the allocation of system resources to create
logically separate systems within the same physical footprint.
• A logical partition exists when the isolation is implemented
with firmware:
– Not based on physical system building block
– Provides configuration flexibility
AIX 6.1 Linux AIX 7.1 IBM i
SYS1
1:00
Japan
SYS4
12:00
UK
SYS2
10:00
USA
SYS3
11:00
BrazilORD
Logical partition

IBM Power Systems
• Each partition has its own:
– Operating system
– Licensed internal code (LIC) and open firmware
– Console
– Resources
– Other things expected in a stand-alone operating system
environment, such as:
• Problem logs
• Data (libraries, objects, file systems)
• Performance characteristics
• Network identity
• Date and time
Partition characteristics

IBM Power Systems
• Resources are allocated to partitions:
– Memory allocated in units as small as the LMB size.
– Dedicated whole processors or shared processing units.
– Individual I/O slots.
• Including virtual devices
• Some resources can be shared:
– Virtual devices.
– Host Ethernet adapter.
• Some core system components are inherently shared.
S = I/O Slot
M = Memory
P = Processor
Partition resources
AIX
P P P P P
M M M
SSSS
Linux
P P
M M
SSSS
AIX
P P P
M M
SSSS

IBM Power Systems
• Flexibility to allocate resources depending on need.
• With DLPAR operations, resources can be moved, removed,
or added with a restarting the partition.
LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4
Processors
Memory
I/O slots
LPAR resource example

IBM Power Systems
• IBM POWER6 processor-based LPAR-capable systems:
– Entry, mid-range, and high-end servers
– IBM Power Systems
– Example models:
• IBM Power Blade Express servers
• IBM Power 520
• IBM Power 550
• IBM Power 560
• IBM Power 570
• IBM Power 575
• IBM Power 595
Visit http://www.ibm.com for latest list of models.
IBM POWER6 LPAR-capable systems

IBM Power Systems
• IBM POWER7 and POWER7+ processor-based LPAR-capable
systems:
– IBM Power Systems
– Example models:
• IBM BladeCenter PS700/701/702/PS703/PS704 Express
• IBM Flex System p260 and p460
• IBM Power 710
• IBM Power 720
• IBM Power 730
• IBM Power 740
• IBM Power 750
• IBM Power 755
• IBM Power 770
• IBM Power 775
• IBM Power 780
• IBM Power 795
Visit http://www.ibm.com for latest list of models.
IBM POWER7 and POWER7+ LPAR-capable
systems

IBM Power Systems
• Capacity management:
– Flexibility to allocate resources.
• Consolidation:
– Consolidate hardware, floor space, software licenses, support contracts, and in-house
support and operations.
– Efficient use of resources.
• Application isolation on a single frame:
– Separate workloads.
– Guaranteed resources.
– Data integrity.
• Merge production and test environments:
– Test on same hardware.
The ability to have virtual Ethernet and virtual I/O devices is
a benefit of using POWER5 and newer processor-based
systems.
Benefits of using partitions

IBM Power Systems
• Licensing is per operating system and is based on processing
power.
– Partial processor and shared processor pool features affect licensing.
• Third-party application provider licenses will vary.
IBM hardware
Operating systems
Other software
Software licensing

IBM Power Systems
• The POWER Hypervisor is firmware that provides:
– Virtual memory management:
• Controls page table and I/O access.
• Manages real memory addresses versus offset memory addresses.
– Virtual console support
– Security and isolation between partitions:
• Partitions allowed access only to resources allocated to them (enforced by the
POWER Hypervisor).
– Shared processor pool management
System hardware
(memory, processors, devices)
LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4
Security and
isolation barriers
POWER Hypervisor
POWER Hypervisor functions

IBM Power Systems
• The HMC provides:
– Virtual console windows.
– LPAR configuration and operation management.
– Capacity on demand (CoD) management.
– Service tools.
– Access to LPM function.
• PC-based console:
– Running custom Linux and Java applications.
– Remotely accessible.
– Connects to service processor over private or open network.
Desktop
Rack-mount
Hardware Management Console

IBM Power Systems
Non-VolatileRAM
HMC
Managed system
Ethernet
The big picture
AIX Linux
Partition 1 Partition 2
Hypervisor
Unassigned
resources
Processors
Memory
processor
I/O Slots LPAR
allocation
tables

IBM Power Systems
• Dynamic resource allocation
• Advanced processor concepts
• Virtual I/O
• Integrated Virtual Ethernet
• Active Memory Sharing
• Live Partition Mobility
• Capacity on demand
Advanced partition features

IBM Power Systems
• DLPAR is the ability to add, remove, or move resources between
partitions without restarting the partitions.
• Resources include:
– Processors, memory, and I/O slots.
– Add and remove virtual devices.
• Security and isolation between LPARs are not compromised.
– A partition sees its own resources plus other available virtual resources.
– Resources are reset when moved.
• Applications might or might not be DLPAR-aware.
DLPAR allows you to react to
changing resource needs.
Dynamic Logical Partitioning (DLPAR)

IBM Power Systems
1
Partition A Partition B
HMC command
Hypervisor
HMC
2
3 3
4
How DLPAR works

IBM Power Systems
LPARLPAR LPAR
Deconfigured
Inactive (CoD)
Physical
(Installed)
processor cores
Virtual
Logical
Shared
Dedicated
Processor concepts

IBM Power Systems
• Time sliced sub-processor allocations are dispatched
according to demand and entitled capacity.
– This example shows one 10 ms time slice, seven running partitions,
and four processors.
Physical
processors
Partition 1
Partition 2
Partition 3
Partition 4
Partition 5
Partition 6
Partition 7
P P P P
10ms
Shared processor pool
Micro-partitioning: Shared processor pool

IBM Power Systems
Physical
processor
cores
Physical shared processor pool
Shared processor pool0
Set of micro-partitions
LPAR3LPAR1
LPAR2
LPAR5
LPAR6
LPAR4
Shared processor pool1
Shared
Dedicated
LPAR
Shared processor pooln
LPAR
Up to 64
shared
processor
pools
Multiple shared processor pools

IBM Power Systems
• Each partition has virtual I/O slots.
– Configurable for each partition.
• Virtual slots have a virtual adapter instance.
– Serial, Ethernet, SCSI, or Fibre Channel.
• Virtual I/O slots can be dynamically added or removed just
like physical I/O slots.
– Cannot be dynamically moved to another partition.
Virtual I/O

IBM Power Systems
Hypervisor
Virtual
Ethernet
Virtual
switch
Physical
Ethernet
Layer 2
bridge
Virtual I/O server
partition
Client
partition
SCSI RDMA protocol
DMA
buffer
LVoirtguiacl Dailsk
disk
Server
adapter
Device
mapping
SCSI, SSA, FC physical
or logical disks
Client
adapter
Virtual
Ethernet
Virtual
Ethernet
Physical
network
Virtual I/O example

IBM Power Systems
• Also referred to as host Ethernet adapter:
– Included in many POWER6 and POWER7 system configurations.
• Provides network connectivity for LPARs without a Virtual I/O Server:
– Integrated high-speed Ethernet ports with hardware-assisted
virtualization capabilities.
– Offers virtualization support for Ethernet connections.
• Depending on the system model, multiple types are available:
– Two port 1 Gba
– Four port 1 Gba
– Two port 10 Gbb
– Two 10 Gbb and two 1 Gb portsa
• Connected to the GX+ bus:
–An LHEA must be created on the logical partition.
a = RJ45 b = fiber
Integrated Virtual Ethernet

IBM Power Systems
Physical
network
AIX
LPAR
Linux
LPAR
Physical
port
Layer 2 switch Layer 2 switch
ent ent eth
Physical
port
Physical
network
IVE example

IBM Power Systems
• Active Memory Sharing (AMS) allows multiple LPARs to
share a common pool of physical memory.
– AMS intelligently assigns memory from one partition to another based
on memory page demands.
• Optimizes memory utilization and provides flexible memory usage.
Paging devices
AMS shared
memory pool
Physical memory
Virtual
I/O
Server
POWER
Hypervisor
LPAR1 LPAR2 LPAR3
Active Memory Sharing

IBM Power Systems
• Active Memory Deduplication makes system memory usage smarter. It
minimizes the existence of identical memory chunks in main memory
space.
Memory structure with Active Memory Deduplication enabled
Active Memory Deduplication

IBM Power Systems
• Compresses in-memory data to fit
more data into memory:
– The physical memory requirements of
existing LPARs is reduced.
– Free memory capacity can be used to
create more LPARs.
• Increases a LPAR’s effective
memory capacity:
– Can increase the effective memory
capacity of a LPAR.
– Increases the memory available to a
workload.
AME
LPAR’s effective
memory capacity
Physical memoryPhysical memory
LPAR’s effective
memory capacity
Expanded
memory capacity
AME
System physical
memory
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
Active Memory Expansion
System physical
memory
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR LPAR LPAR
LPAR ….

P1 P2 P3 P1 P5
VIOS
VIOS
Server 2
HMC
IBM Power Systems
• Migration or movement of an LPAR from one physical server
to another.
• Useful for:
– Reducing the impact of planned outages and increasing application
availability.
– Workload balancing and consolidation.
– Relocation of workload to enable workload.
– Provision of new technology with no disruption to service (migration to
Server 1
Network
newer systems).
• Requirements:
– POWER6 or
POWER7 systems.
– LPAR must only have
virtual adapters.
Live Partition Mobility

IBM Power Systems
• Run x86 Linux applications on Power Systems servers along with your AIX and
Linux on Power applications.
• Simplifies migration of Linux on x86 applications:
– Runs most existing 32-bit x86 Linux applications with no application changes.
– Enables customers to realize the energy and administrative benefits associated with
consolidation.
• Is included with the purchase of PowerVM editions.
x86 Platforms
x86 Linux OS
Linux OS
app app
Linux OS
x86 Platforms
x86
Linux OS
Linux OS
Supported Linux OS AIX OS
Power Systems platform
PowerVM
Lx86
x86
Linux OS
app AIX OS
application
Power
Linux OS
application
PowerVM
x86 platforms
x86
app
Linux OS
Install and run
• No porting
• No recompile
• No changes
PowerVM Lx86

IBM Power Systems
Shared storage pools:
Provide distributed access to
storage resources using a
cluster. Shared storage pools
use files called logical units as
backup devices for virtualized
storage devices.
Benefits:
• Simplify the aggregation of large
numbers of disks across multiple
Virtual I/O Servers.
• Improve the utilization of the
available storage.
• Simplify administration tasks.
Shared storage pools

Thin provisioning with shared storage pools
IBM Power Systems
LPARs
Core Mgmt Storage Mgmt
Inventory Provision
Config Clone
IBM Systems Director
Snap
Migrate
Hypervisor
VIOS
Hypervisor
VIOS
Hypervisor
VIOS
Centralized
Virtual Server
Storage MgmtHealth
…
9 TB3.25TB*
* Actual amount of storage savings will vary widely.

IBM Power Systems
• Suspend: The ability to save a partition state (memory, NVRAM, VSP
state) on persistent storage, freeing server resources that were in use by
that partition.
• Resume: The additional ability to restore partition state to server
resources, and resuming operation of that partition and its applications
either on the same server or on a different server.
Suspend / Resume

IBM Power Systems
• Capacity upgrade on demand (CUoD)
– Permanent activation of processors or memory.
• Trial CoD
– No charge 30-day activation of processors or memory resources.
• On/Off CoD
– Ability to activate processor or memory resources temporarily.
• Utility CoD
– Additional processor capacity on a temporary basis within the shared
processor pool.
Add reserve
resources
• Capacity BackUp:
– Processors and memory temporarily
added to backup server.
– Prepaid for up to 90 days.
Capacity on Demand

IBM Power Systems
• PowerVM editions hardware features include the following components:
1
POWER7+ hardware with eFW760 required for 20 LPARs per core
2
IVM only supports a single Virtual I/O Server partition
PowerVM editions
PowerVM Editions Express Standard Enterprise
Maximum LPARs 3 per server 20 per core1
(up to 1000)
20 per core1
(up to 1000)
Management IVM IVM2, HMC IVM2, HMC
Virtual I/O Server   (dual)  (dual)
PowerVM Lx86   
Shared dedicated
capacity
  
Suspend / Resume  
Shared processor pools  
Active Memory Sharing 
Live Partition Mobility 

IBM Power Systems
Use this layout for all your drawing needsPart#1
Virtual
I/O Server
PPPPPP PPPP
PPPPPP PPP
MMMMM MMMM
P
MMM
Part#3
Linux
Part#4
IBM i
AAAA
MMM
AAAAAAAAAAA AAA
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
Part#2
AIX V7 LAN
Virtual LAN
Virtual I/O
O O O O O
S S S S S
M M M M M
A A
AIXV6/Linux
MM
AAA
M
Part#5
AIX V7
Part#6
AIX V6
AA
PPPPPP
Part#7-11
Virtual Ethernet
POWER Hypervisor
AIX 6
Kernel
Linux
Kernel
AIX 7
Kernel
AIX 7
Kernel
AIX 6
Kernel
i/OS
Kernel
HMC
Partitioning concepts summary

IBM Power Systems
• Provides support for LPARs without a physical HMC:
– Manages a single server.
• IVM software runs in the Virtual I/O Server partition.
– Provides a subset of HMC functionality.
• Hypervisor has been modified to enable VIOS to manage the partitioned
system without an HMC.
– Implicit rule of configuration and setup.
• It requires that the server not be partitioned.
• First operating system installed
must be the VIOS.
– Virtual I/O Server partition owns
all physical I/O.
• Client partitions can access
virtual optical, virtual disk,
virtual Ethernet, IVE, and console.
AIX Linux Linux
V7.1 RHEL6 SLES11
Virtual LAN
VIOS
IVM
Integrated Virtualization Manager
POWER Hypervisor

IBM Power Systems
Create plan for usage model and applications.
Plan resources for partitions.
Create and configure partitions.
Activate partitions and install operating systems.
1
2
3
4
5
Set up HMC and managed system.
6 Configure and test service applications.
LPAR configuration process

IBM Power Systems
• Documentation:
– http://www.ibm.com/support/publications/us/library/
– Software and hardware information centers available
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/eserver/
• LPAR and PowerVM information:
– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/virtualization/index.html
• IBM Redbooks:
– http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/
• Technical support web sites:
– http://www.ibm.com/support/
– http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/vios/home.html
– http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/power5cm/power7.html
• Linux web site:
– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/linux/
Web links might change over time.
LPAR references

IBM Power Systems
• IBM Power Systems hardware overview
• HMC
• System Planning Tool
• HMC maintenance
• System power management
• Configuring LPARs
• Dynamic resource allocation
AN11 course content

IBM Power Systems
• Advanced processor concepts
• Virtual I/O
• Virtual network configurations
• VSCSI configurations
• IVE
• Service management
AN30 course content

IBM Power Systems
1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.
2. What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical
partitioning?
a. Resource assignments are flexible.
b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.
c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.
3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?
a. All AIX 7 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based
systems are capable of dynamic resource allocations.
b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not
moved between partitions.
c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move
resources.
4. List the types of resources that are configured in partitions.
Checkpoint (1 of 2)

IBM Power Systems
1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.
The answer is True.
2. What is it that makes logical partitioning different from physical partitioning?
a. Resource assignments are flexible.
b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.
c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.
The answer is Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.
3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?
a. All AIX 7 partitions on POWER6 and POWER7 processor-based systems are
capable of dynamic resource allocations.
b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not moved between
partitions.
c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move resources.
The answer is All of them are true.
4. List the types of resources that are configured in partitions.
The answers are: Processors, memory, I/O slots (including the HEA).
Checkpoint solutions (1 of 2)

IBM Power Systems
5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources
that can be activated when you need them?
6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?
a. Better management of resources across operating environments
b. Isolate applications that were all running on one system
c. Better high availability solution
d. Manage operational costs by consolidating resources
7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to
partitions?
8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions,
configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles?
9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to
partitions?
Checkpoint (2 of 2)

IBM Power Systems
5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources that can be
activated when you need them?
The answer is Capacity on demand (CoD).
6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?
a. Better management of resources across operating environments
b. Isolate applications that were all running on one system
c. Better high availability solution
d. Manage operational costs by consolidating resources
The answers are: Better management of resources across operating
environments, Isolate applications that were all running on one system, and
Manage operational costs by consolidating resources.
7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions?
The answer is POWER Hypervisor.
8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD,
and provide access to virtual consoles?
The answer is HMC or IVM.
9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions?
The answer is Micro-partitioning.
Checkpoint solutions (2 of 2)

IBM Power Systems
Exercise

IBM Power Systems
Having completed this unit, you should be able to:
• Describe the following terms:
– Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource
• Describe the following partition concepts:
– Dynamic logical partitioning
– Micro-partitioning
– Shared processor pool
– Virtual I/O
– Live Partition Mobility (LPM)
– Capacity on Demand (CoD)
• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)
• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor
• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions
• List references for IBM Power Systems partitioning information
Unit summary

Student guide power systems for aix - virtualization i implementing virtualization

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