قازانج و خراپییەکانی کۆنکریت Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, such as ciment fondu. However, asphalt concrete, which is frequently used for road surfaces, is also a type of concrete, where the cement material is bitumen, and polymer concretes are sometimes used where the cementing material is a polymer. When aggregate is mixed together with dry Portland cement and water, the mixture forms a fluid mass that is easily molded into shape. The cement reacts chemically with the water and other ingredients to form a hard matrix that binds the materials together into a durable stone-like material that has many uses.[2] Often, additives (such as pozzolans or superplasticizers) are included in the mixture to improve the physical properties of the wet mix or the finished material. Most concrete is poured with reinforcing materials (such as rebar) embedded to provide tensile strength, yielding reinforced concrete. Famous concrete structures include the Hoover Dam, the Panama Canal, and the Roman Pantheon. The earliest large-scale users of concrete technology were the ancient Romans, and concrete was widely used in the Roman Empire. The Colosseum in Rome was built largely of concrete, and the concrete dome of the Pantheon is the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome.[3] Today, large concrete structures (for example, dams and multi-storey car parks) are usually made with reinforced concrete. After the Roman Empire collapsed, use of concrete became rare until the technology was redeveloped in the mid-18th century. Today, concrete is the most widely used man-made material (measured by tonnage).

1. Advantages and
Disadvantages of Concrete
Soran University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
11 June, 2015

2. Welcome
• Abdulla Kawkas
• Abdulaziz Ibrahim
• Sarchia Khursheed
• Wrya Sharif
• Shaida Abdulraheem
• Nechirwan Sabah
• Ashna Kamil
2
Civil
1
Group

3. Outline
1. Introduction
2. Advantages
2.1 Durability
2.2 Fire Resistance
3. Disadvantages
3.1 Cracking
4. Conclusion
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4. Introduction to Concrete
• Concrete is a major
materials that used for
various structural
purpose.
• Components of Concrete
• Uses of Concrete
• Types of Concrete
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5. Advantages
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6. Advantages of Concrete
• Concrete is economical.
• It is not as likely to rot, corrode, or decay as other
building materials.
• Concrete has the ability to be molded into any
desired shapes.
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7. Advantages of Concrete (cont.)
• fire-safe and able to withstand high temperatures.
• casting can occur on the work-site which reduces
cost.
• resistant to wind, water, rodents, and insects.
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8. Fire Resistance
• A fire-resistance rating typically
means the duration for which a
passivefire protection system can
withstand a standard fire
resistance test.
• The ability of a laboratory-
constructed assembly to contain
a fire in a carefully controlled test
setting for a specified period of
time.
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9. Fire Resistance (Cont.)
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• Concrete has a slow rate of heat
transfer, which means that
concrete walls in a home act as a
fire shield.
• concrete does not require any
additional fire-protection because
of its built-in resistance to fire.

10. Durability
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• Durability of concrete is ability to resist
weathering action, chemical attack,
and abrasion while maintaining its
desired engineering properties.
• Types of durability:
• Physical Durability: is against freezing
and thawing action, permeability of
water, temperature stress.
• Chemical Durability: is against alkali
aggregate reaction, sulphate attack,
chloride ingress, delay Enttringites
formation, corrosion of reinforcement.

11. • Factors that affect on the durability of concrete:
• Cement Content: Mix must be designed to ensure cohesion and prevent
segregation and bleeding.
• Compaction: The concrete as a whole contain voids can be caused by
inadequate compaction.
• Permeability: It can be noticed that higher permeability is usually caused by
higher porosity.
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Durability

12. Disadvantages
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13. Disadvantages of Concrete (cont.)
• Low tensile strength
• Low ductility
• Concrete is susceptible to cracking
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14. Cracking
• Cracks can occur when provisions to accommodate these movements are
not made in design and construction.
• Concrete elements that affect cracking:
• More amount of water
• More amount of cement
• Mineral composition
• Shape
• Surface Texture
• Shape
• Surface Texture
• Some admixtures may also affects cracking
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15. 15
Conclusion
• Today concrete is the most used building material.
• Concrete has a good durability.
• Concrete has a high fire resistance.
• Concrete has some disadvantages.
• Cracking is one of the drawback of concrete.

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Any Question!
Thank You!