The document provides an overview of bridge construction, discussing various types of bridges (arch, truss, cable-stayed, suspension) and foundational concepts, including shallow and deep foundations. It also outlines common causes of bridge failures, highlighting issues such as design defects, poor maintenance, and unforeseen occurrences. Key examples of bridge types and notable failures are provided to illustrate these concepts.

1. Presentation
Course: Steel Structure
Instructor: Sir Waqar Ali
Class: BS CIVIL 7th semester

2. Bridge
Construction

3. •Ahmed Zakaria
•Maaz Naqvi
•Shahrukh Aqiq

4. What is a bridge?
Bridge is the structure
which covers a gap

6. Basic concepts of
bridges

7. • Beam
• Piers
• Cantilever
• Load
• Truss
• Stable
• Deform
Basic Concept of Bridges
• Span
• Force, Compression &
Tension

8. Basic Concept of Bridges

9. Basic Concept of Bridges

10. Basic Concept of Bridges

11. Types of Bridges

12. • Arch
• Truss
• Cantilever
• Cable-Stayed
• Suspension

13. • Keystone – the wedge-
shaped stone of an arch
that locks its parts
together
• Abutments – the
structures that support
the ends of the bridge
Arch Bridge

14. • Works by
Compression
Arch Bridge

15. Marsh Rainbow Arch, Riverton, KS
Railway Arch Bridge

16. • Piers – the vertical supporting structures
• Cables – thick steel ropes from which the
decking is suspended
• Decking – the supported roadway on a bridge
Cable Stayed Bridge

17. Cable Stayed Bridge
• Works by Tension AND Compression

18. Zakim Bridge, Boston

19. Suspension Bridges
• Similar to Cable-Stayed
• Different construction method

20. Suspension Bridges
• Works by Tension and Compression

21. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, CA

22. Other Types
Truss
Southern Pacific Railroad
Bridge, Tempe, AZ
Cantilever
Firth of Forth-Forth Rail
Bridge, Edinburgh,
Scotland

23. Now maaz

24. FOUNDATION
A foundation is the lowest and supporting layer of a structure

25. • Shallow Foundation
• Deep Foundation
Foundation are generally divided into two categories:

26. ShallowFoundation
•Pad Foundation
•Strap Foundation
•Raft Foundation
There are variety of shallow foundation types used in construction of
foundation columns .

27. Deep Foundation
Deep Foundation are those foundation in which the depth of the
foundation is very large in comparison to its width
Types of deep foundation
•Deep Strip
•Pile Foundation
•Pier Foundation
•Well Foundation

28. Pile Foundation
• Pile Foundation may be defined as a column
support type of foundation

29. Types of Pile
1. Bearing piles.
2. Friction piles.
3. Sheet piles.
4. Fender piles.
5. Anchor piles.

30. Bearing Pile
• Bearing Piles are those which are driven into
ground until the hard stratum is reached.

31. Friction piles
• These are the piles which bear the load of the
structure by its skin friction developing by soil
and the surrounding soil.

32. Sheet Piles
Sheet piling is an earth retention and excavation
support technique that retain soil

33. Fender Piles
• Harbor Piles excel when used in foundering
applications.

34. Anchor Piles.
• These are the piles which provide anchorage
against horizontal pulls and thrusts

35. Now shahrukh

36. Causes of
Bridges Failure

37. Reasons Why Bridge Collapse
10 Earth Quake

38. 09 Fire

39. 08 Train Crash

40. 07 Boat Impact
the Judge William Seeber Bridge in New Orleans in 1993. The bridge carried road traffic over a
canal, and a barge passing under the bridge struck a pier supporting the bridge and severed it.
Nearly 150 feet (46 meters) of bridge collapsed as a result

41. 06 Flood

42. The Quebec Bridge collapsed twice during
construction before finally being built
05 Construction Error

43. 04 Manufacturing Defects
03 Design Defects
Sometimes, bridges collapse due to
design flaws

44. 02 Poor maintenance
01 Odd occurrence
Some bridge collapses just can't be
explained at all.
A bridge carrying the Connecticut Turnpike
over the Mianus River collapsed in the middle
of the night in June 1983

46. ANY QUESTION?