Statistics Notes
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sdThere are two main types of data: primary and secondary. Primary data is collected directly by the researcher and is more accurate, but takes more time to collect. Secondary data is collected by others and is easier to obtain but less accurate. A population includes all individuals relevant to a study, while a sample is a subset of the population that is studied. Common data collection methods include interviews, questionnaires, and pilot surveys to test questions. Data can be quantitative, involving numerical values, or qualitative, involving non-numerical attributes. Quantitative data can be continuous, like heights, or discrete, like shoe sizes.
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Measures of central tendency ppt
This document discusses measures of central tendency, including the mean, median, and mode. It provides examples of calculating each measure using sample data sets. The mean is the average value calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of data points. The median is the middle value when data is ordered from lowest to highest. The mode is the most frequently occurring value. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating the mean, median, and mode from sets of numeric data.
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1) There are two ways to collect statistical data - a complete enumeration (census) or a sample survey. A sample is a portion of a population that is examined to estimate population characteristics.
2) Common sampling methods include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling.
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- The key purpose of Six Sigma is to make customers happier by meeting their requirements and reducing defects, while also increasing company profits through cost savings from quality improvements.
Chapter1
This document discusses the importance of statistics and introduces key concepts. It explains that statistics involves collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. It also defines important statistical terms like population, sample, variable, and different types of data. Frequency distributions are introduced as a way to organize categorical data by displaying the categories and associated frequencies or relative frequencies. An example frequency distribution is provided using vision correction data from a classroom example.
Business Statistics Chapter 1
The Course Aim, Purpose and Learning Outcomes
Course Aim and Purpose:
This course has aims provide a practical and approach to in the use of statistics in order for the students to gain an understanding about: -
Basic statistical theory
Management statistics used in different organizations; and
Statistical techniques used to undertake research.
Learning Outcomes:
It is intended for a student to gain an understanding: -
how to use computers to undertake statistical tasks
how to explore and understand data
How to display data.
how to investigate the relationship between variables.
about statistical confidence intervals
how to use and select basic statistical hypothesis tests
MATH 106 QUIZ 6NAME _____ _________________ Professor Dr. K.docx
MATH 106 QUIZ 6NAME: _____ _________________
Professor: Dr. Katiraie
INSTRUCTIONS
· The quiz is worth 100 points. There are 10 problems (each worth 10 points).
· This quiz is open book and open notes, unlimited time. This means that you may refer to your textbook, notes, and online classroom materials, but you may not consult anyone. You may take as much time as you wish, provided you turn in your quiz no later than the due date posted in our course schedule of the syllabus.
· You must show your work to receive full credit. If you do not show your work, you may earn only partial or no credit at the discretion of the professor. Please type your work in your copy of the quiz, or if you prefer, create a document containing your work. Scanned work is acceptable also. Be sure to include your name in the document.
Consult the Additional Information portion of the online Syllabus for options regarding the submission of your quiz. If you have any questions, please contact me by e-mail ([email protected] ).
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Refer to the histogram to answer the question.
1) The telephone company kept track of the calls for the correct time during a 24-hour period for two weeks. The results are shown in the histogram below.
What is the probability that a person will make 62 calls?
1) _______
A) 9/14
B) 1/2
C) 1/14
D) 2/7
E) none of the above
2) The telephone company kept track of the calls for the correct time during a 24-hour period for two weeks. The results are shown in the histogram below.
What percentage of people will make less than 61 calls?
2) _______
A) 21.43%
B) 92.86%
C) 28.43%
D) 35.71%
E) None of the above
Prepare a frequency distribution with a column for intervals and frequencies.
3) The following is the number of hours students studied per week on average. Use five intervals, starting with 0 - 4.
2 8 13 18 23 24 16 13 7 2
9 12 19 23 19 12 4 9 15 20
3) _________
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
None of the above
4)Construct cumulative frequency distribution that corresponds to the given frequency distribution.
4) _________
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
None of the above
5) The ages of the voters at a poll during a 20-minute period are listed below.
Use five intervals starting with
5) _______
35 29 48 63 64 38 21 23 41 68
61 42 43 47 33 37 46 27 23 30
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the above
6) Given the following information:
6) _______
Find the cumulative frequency distribution using the above frequencies.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the above
7) The students in Mrs. Logan's Spanish class received the following grades on a test. Use four intervals starting with 60 - 69.
7) _______
75 ...
problem
1. The document outlines the six main stages of the marketing research process: defining the problem, developing an approach, formulating a research design, collecting data, analyzing data, and preparing and presenting the report.
2. It discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data, including surveys, experiments, observation, and qualitative research techniques.
3. It also covers important considerations for marketing research such as questionnaire design, sampling, and ensuring samples are representative of the target population.
Measurement
The document discusses various concepts related to measurement and error including:
- Defining accuracy as closeness to the true value and precision as reproducibility of measurements.
- Types of errors such as determinate/systematic errors which can be corrected and indeterminate/random errors which average out with multiple trials.
- Assessing total error by treating a reference standard as a sample and calculating differences from the reference value.
- Expressing accuracy and precision using terms like mean, percent error, range, standard deviation, and percent coefficient of variation.
Basics stat ppt-types of data
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Data Collection, Sampling, Measurement Concept, Questionnaire Designing-Types
Business Research Methods: Data collection, Sampling, Measurement Concept, Questionnaire Designing-Types
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This document provides an introduction to surveys. It defines surveys as studies involving a sample of individuals selected from a larger population where variables are observed at a single point in time. It outlines key steps in designing a survey such as defining objectives, identifying the study population and variables, establishing a plan of analysis, determining sample size, choosing a sampling method, deciding on a data collection mode, and preparing for data analysis. It also discusses important considerations like ethical issues, response rates, and using survey results.
2012 data analysis
This document provides guidance on analyzing and reporting data from a research project. It discusses key steps in data analysis including organizing the raw data, conducting quantitative analysis such as comparing responses across demographic groups, and drawing conclusions. When reporting results, it emphasizes clearly stating the research objective and methodology, objectively reporting the data findings, and interpreting the implications of the results. Integrity in reporting is important, and unexpected findings should not be fabricated but rather used as an opportunity to improve future research.
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Learn how to transform from a mild-mannered online organizer into a true data-driven mastermind! What to track, how to test, and methods for creating a data-driven culture at your nonprofit.
Questionnaire Designing
The document provides guidance on designing questionnaires for scientific research and data collection. It discusses the basic requirements and qualities of an effective questionnaire such as clear objectives, appropriate sample size, unambiguous and unbiased questions, validity, reliability, and logical ordering of questions. It also compares different approaches like structured vs unstructured questions and modes of inquiry like face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and self-reported questionnaires. Key stages in designing a questionnaire include defining objectives, question types, pretesting, and ensuring questions are necessary, clear, and non-offensive.
Survey Design Ii 1204634497987472 5
This document provides a summary of key concepts in survey research and design in psychology. It covers the research process, survey construction, sampling, levels of measurement, and measurement error. Key points include defining the research problem and hypotheses, designing the survey, developing questions, response formats, sampling methods, pretesting the survey, and considering ethical issues. It also discusses types of questions, scales, biases, accuracy of recall, and comparing data collection methods.
Mb0050 research methodology (1)
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Data collection ppt @ bec doms
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Statistics Notes
- 1. Key GCSE Statistics Notes Primary Data: Data collected by person going to use it. Advantage: Accuracy known Disadvantage: Time consuming Secondary Data Data not collected by the person going to use it. Advantage: Easy to get/Cheap Disadvantage: Accuracy unknown
- 2. Key GCSE Statistics Notes Population: Everybody or everything that could be involved in the investigation. Census: Data about every member of the population Advantage: Unbiased/Accurate Disadvantage: Time consuming
- 3. Key GCSE Statistics Notes Sample: Only part of the population used in an investigation. Advantage: Less Time/Cheaper/Easier Disadvantage: Possibly biased
- 4. Key GCSE Statistics Notes Interview: Advantage: Detailed answers/Lots of questions asked Disadvantage: Expensive Questionnaire Advantage: Cheaper Disadvantage: Answers less detailed Possible poor response rate
- 5. Key GCSE Statistics Notes Pilot Survey: A small scale of the questionnaire to be used Advantage: Shows you likely responses Checks questions are suitable Allows you to tweak/alter /add questions if needed
- 6. Types of Data: Quantitative variables: Qualitative variables: These have numerical observations, such as shoe size (7, 8, 9, 7.5, 8.5) Height (178cm, 1.9m) and weight. Variables that have non-numerical observations, eg. Eye colour , Favourite food
- 8. Quantitative variables can be broken down further. Quantitative variables: Continuous data Discrete data … Are measured on a scale and can take any value eg. height The units of measurement (eg. CDs) cannot be split up; there is nothing between 1 CD and 2 CDs.
- 9. Decide whether or not the following are continuous or discrete: a) Shoe size: b) Gender: c) The numbers of chocolates in a box : d) T imes taken for athletes to run 100m: Discrete because can only take specific values, eg, 7, 8, 8.5. Cannot get a size 8.35 Discrete because can only be male or female. Discrete. Time is continuous Statistics