Standards-based assessment (SBA) focuses on measuring students' mastery of specific academic standards. It requires aligning assessments closely with the required competencies in the standards. The process involves defining what competencies will be measured, developing assessments based on a table of specifications that maps items to competencies, and ensuring constructive alignment between competencies and assessment tasks. Scoring is done based on whether students can demonstrate the competencies, and results are used formatively to provide feedback and guide instruction to help students learn. The goal of SBA is to focus more on learning the defined competencies and ensure all students achieve quality work meeting 21st century skills.