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Assessment in the Social Studies Curriculum

The document outlines guidelines for evaluating test papers in a social studies curriculum, focusing on the alignment of assessment items with learning objectives and competencies. It emphasizes content validity, appropriate assessment formats (paper-based vs. performance-based), and provides detailed examples of assessment tasks. Additionally, it discusses criteria for crafting quality assessment items and common pitfalls to avoid in test design.

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Assessment in the Social Studies Curriculum Carlo Magno, PhD, crlmgn@yahoo.com
Answer the question • You are tasked to check the test paper of one teacher. What are the specific things that you need to look for when checking the test?
Objectives • 1. Check the alignment between the learning competencies and the items contained in the assessment. • 2. Distinguish using paper and pencil or performance-based needed when creating assessment tasks. • 3. Follow the rules in writing types of items and performance-based tasks.
What to check?ContentValidity Check for alignment between the course objectives and the competency covered in the task Check if the assessment is appropriate with the form assessment task made (paper and pen vs. performance-based) Face Validity Minor: Rules in writing the tasks Minor: Syntax (grammar) Minor: Suitability for learners
Assessment Process Objectives in the syllabus Create Assessment tasks Content Validity Review assessment tasks Revision Data GatheringData Analysis Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Supervisor •Needs of students and society •Mission and vision of the school •National and International Standards •Existing programs
Task! • Objective: Naipakikita sa pamamagitan ng timeline ang mga pagbabago sa buhay at mga personal na gamit mula noong sanggol hanggang sa kasalukuyang edad. – Assessment task? • Objective: Nakagagawa ng payak na mapa mula sa tahanan patungo sa paaralan – Assessment Task? • Objective: Nailalarawan ang populasyon ng iba’t ibang pamayanan sa sariling lalawigan gamit ang bar graph – Assessment task? • Objective: Naihahambing ang mga paniniwala noon at ngayon upang maipakita ang mga nagbago at nagpapatuloy hanggang sa kasalukuyan – Assessment task?
How many assessment? • AP Grade 7, 2nd quarter 1. Napapahalagahan ang mga pilosopiya at relihiyon na naghubog ng sinaunang kabihasnang sa Asya 7. Nabibigyang kahulugan ang mga konsepto ng tradisyon, pilosopiya at relihiyon 2. Nasusuri ang paghubog, pag-unlad at kalikasan ng mga mga pamayanan at estado 8. Nasusuri ang mga mahahalagang pangyayari mula sa sinaunang kabihasnan (pamahalaan, edukasyon, teknolohiya etc.) 3. Nakakabuo ng mga kongklusyon hinggil sa pamumuhay ng mga sinaunang pamayanan 9. Natataya ang impluwensiya ng mga paniniwala sa kalagayang panlipunan,sining at kultura ng mga Asyano 4. Nabibigyang kahulugan ang konsepto ng kabihasnan 10. Nasusuri ang bahaging ginampanan ng mga pananaw, paniniwala at tradisyon 5. Napaghahambing ang mga sinaunang kabihasnan sa Asya (Sumer, Indus, Tsina) 11. Nasusuri ang mga kalagayang legal at tradisyon ng mga kababaihan 6. Napahahalagahan ang mga kaisipang pinagbatayan (sinocentrism, divine origin, devajara) sa pagkilala sa sinaunang kabihasnan 12. Napapahalagahan ang mga kontribusyon ng mga sinaunang lipunan ng Asya
Constructive Alignment  Objective: Natataya ang mga dahilan at epekto ng unang yugto ng imperyalismo at kolonisasyon sa Europa. (Understanding) Performance task: Sumulat ng sanaysay na ipinapakita ang mga dahilan ng dalawang European empires sa pagpapalawak ng kanilang territory sa Asia. Ipaliwana ng ang naging epekito ng pagpapalawak sa kanilang ekomomiya at kultura. • Objective: Naipaliliwanag ang konsepto ng pagkonsumo (Understanding) • Performance task: Isulat sa kwaderno ang kwaderno ang paliwanag kug bakit kailangang magkonsumo at paano ito makakatulong sa mga negosyo.  Objective: Natutukoy ang mga paghahanda na nararapat gawin sa harap ng mga kalamidad (recalling) • Test item: Biglang nagkaroon ng lindol. Ikaw at ang iyong mga kamag aral ay kasalukuyan nagkaklase. Ano ang una ninyong gagawin ayon sa tuntunin ng Distaster Risk Reduction? (options provided)
Matching Items with Criterion Item • Instruction: Indicate whether the matching of the objective and item is suitable. • 1. Objective: Naipaliliwanag ang iba’t ibang uri ng kalamidad na nararanasan sa komunidad at sa bansa. • Criterion item: Ililista ng guro sa pisara ang iba’t ibang kalamidad na natatamasa sa Pilipinas. Isusulat ng mga magaaral kung ano ang nangyayari sa bawat kalamidad at sasabihin ang mga pinsalang maidudulot nito. Sasabihin din ang mga bagay na maaring gawin. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
Matching Items with Criterion Item • 2. Objective: Natutukoy ang mga ahensiya ng pamahalaan na responsable sa kaligtasan ng mamamayan sa panahon ng kalamidad. • Criterion Item: Ibigay ang kahulugan ng mga sumusunod na akronim: PAG-ASA, PhIVolcS, DENR • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
Matching Items with Criterion Item • 3. Objective: Nakabubuo ng mga mungkahi upang malutas ang suliranin ng unemployment • Criterion Item: Sumulat ng sanaysay at ipaliwanag kung bakit nagkakaroon ng suliranin sa kakulagan ng trabaho sa Pilipinas. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
Matching Items with Criterion Item • 4. Objective: Nailalarawan ang kalagayan ng Pilipinas na nasa “Pacific Ring of Fire” at ang implikasyon nito. • Criterion item: Anu anong mga kalamidad ang maaring maganap sa Pilipinas na kasama sa Pacific ring of fire. Ilarwan ang mga pangyayaring ito. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
Matching Items with Criterion Item • 5. Objective: Nakabubuo ng konklusyon na ang matalinong pangangasiwa ng likas na yaman • Criterion Item: Gumawa ng slogan at sumulat ng mensahe kung paano maaalagaan ang mga likas na yaman. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
Observe the two sets of objectives • Natutukoy ang iba pang tao na naglilingkod at ang kanilang kahalagahan sa komunidad • Natutukoy ang mga natural na kalamidad o sakunang madalas maganap sa sariling komunidad • Natutukoy ang mga pangyayaring nagbigay daan sa digmaan ng mga Pilipino laban sa Estados Unidos • Nakabubuo ng interpretasyon ng kapaligiran at karatig na mga lalawigan ng rehiyon gamit ang mapa • Nakakalahok sa mga proyekto o mungkahi na nagpapaunlad o nagsusulong ng natatanging • Nasasabi ang mga wastong gawain/ pagkilos sa tahanan at paaralan sa panahon ng kalamidad
Paper and pen vs. Performance-based tasks • Format: binary, multiple choice, matching type, short answer • Measure discreet skills (cognitive) • Group administration • Format: demonstrations, performances, actual work (authentic) • Measure complex integrated skills (cognitive, psychomotor, affect) • Individual or several groups
Determine if the objectives will require paper and pen or performance-based task • 1. State the domain and range of a given function • 2. Solve systems of linear equations in two variables by the graphical method • 3. Draw the slope of the given equation • 4. Simplify complex fractions • 5. Deliver a speech to persuade people to donate for the orphanage • 6. Multiply and divide rational algebraic expression • 7. List hazards of working with chemicals • 8. Classify the properties of substances as to physical or chemical and extrinsic or intrinsic • 9. Cite evidence of chemical changes • 10. Present ways to prevent walls from easily cracking during earthquakes
Paper and pencil assessment • Binary type – remembering - understanding • Matching type - remembering • Multiple choice – remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating • Supply type - remembering
Binary Type • 1. Avoid the use of “specific determiners” • FAULTY: No picture-no sound in a television set may indicate a bad 5U4G. • IMPROVED: A bad 5U4G tube in a television set will result in no picture sound. Why is the item faulty?
Binary Type • 2. Base true-false items upon statements that are absolutely true or false, without qualifications or exceptions. • FAULTY: World War II was fought in Europe and the Far East. • IMPROVED: The primary combat locations in terms of military personnel during World War II were Europe and the Far East. Why is the item faulty?
Binary Type • 3. Avoid negative stated items when possible and eliminate all double negatives. • FAULTY: It is not frequently observed that copper turns green as a result of oxidation. • IMPROVED: Copper will turn green upon oxidizing. Why is the item faulty?
Binary Type • 4. Use quantitative and precise rather than qualitative language where possible. • FAULTY: Many people voted for Gloria Arroyo in the 2003 Presidential election. • IMPROVED: Gloria Arroyo received more than 60 percent of the popular votes cast in the Presidential election of 2003. Why is the item faulty?
Binary Type • 5. Avoid stereotypic and textbook statements. • FAULTY: From time to time efforts have been made to explode the notion that there may be a cause-and- effect relationship between arboreal life and primate anatomy. • IMPROVED: There is a known relationship between primate anatomy and arboreal life. Why is the item faulty?
Binary Type • 6. Avoid making the true items consistently longer than the false items. • 7. Avoid the use of unfamiliar or esoteric language. • FAULTY: According to some peripatetic politicos, the raison d’etre for capital punishment is retribution. • IMPROVED: According to some politicians, justification for the existence of capital punishment can be traced to the Biblical statement, “An eye for an eye.” Why is the item faulty?
Binary Type • 8. Avoid complex sentences with many dependent clauses. • FAULTY: Jane Austen, an American novelist born in 1790, was a prolific writer and is best known for her novel Pride and Prejudice, which was published in 1820. • IMPROVED: Jane Austen is best known for her novel Pride and prejudice. Why is the item faulty?
Binary Type • 9. It is suggested that the crucial elements of an item be placed at the end of the statement. • FAULTY: Oxygen reduction occurs more readily because carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin faster than oxygen does. • IMPROVED: Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs because carbon monoxide dissolves delicate lung tissue. Why is the item faulty?
Matching Type Match List A with List B. You will be given one point for each correct match. List A List B a. cotton gin a. Eli Whitney b. reaper b. Alexander Graham Bell c. wheel c. David Brinkley d. TU54G tube d. Louisa May Alcott e. steamboat e. None of these •Directions failed to specify the basis for matching •List are enumerated identically •Responses not listed logically •Lacks homogeneity •Equal number of elements •Use of “None of the above” Why is the item faulty?
Matching Type IMPROVED: Famous inventions are listed in the left-hand column and inventors in the right-hand column below. Place the letter corresponding to the inventor in the space next to the invention for which he s famous. Each match is worth 1 point, and “None of these” may be the correct answer. Inventors may be used more than once. Inventions Inventors __ 1. steamboat a. Alexander Graham-Bell __ 2. cotton skin b. Robert Fulton __ 3. sewing machine c. Elias Howe __ 4. reaper d. Cyrus McCormick e. Eli Whitney
Multiple Choice 1. Salvador Dali is a. a famous Indian. b. important in international law. c. known for his surrealistic art. d. the author of many avant-garde plays. •It is recommended that the stem be a direct question. •The stem should pose a clear, define, explicit, and singular problem. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: With which one of the fine arts is Salvador Dali associated? a. surrealistic painting b. avant-garde theatre c. polytonal symphonic music d. impressionistic poetry
Multiple Choice 2. Milk can be pasteurized at home by a. heating it to a temperature of 130o b. Heating it to a temperature of 145o c. Heating it to a temperature of 160o d. Heating it to a temperature of 175o •Include in the stem any words that might otherwise be repeated in each response. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: The minimum temperature that can be used to pasteurize milk at home is: a. 130oC b. 145oC c. 160oC d. 175oC
Multiple Choice 3. Although the experimental research, particularly that by Hansmocker must be considered equivocal and assumptions viewed as too restrictive, most testing experts would recommend as the easiest method of significantly improving paper-and-pencil achievement test reliability to a. increase the size of the group being tested. b. increase the differential weighting of items. c. increase the objective of scoring. d. increase the number of items. e. increase the amount of testing time. Items should be stated simply and understandably, excluding all nonfunctional words from stem and alternatives. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Assume a 10-item, 10-minute paper- and-pencil multiple choice achievement test has a reliability of .40. The easiest way of increasing the reliability to .80 would be to increased a. group size b. scoring objectivity c. differential item scoring weights d. the number of items e. testing time
Multiple Choice 4. None of the following cities is a state capital except a. Bangor b. Los Angeles c. Denver d. New Haven •Avoid negatively stated items Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Which of the following cities is a state capital? a. Bangor b. Los Angeles c. Denver d. New Haven
Multiple Choice 5. Who wrote Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire? a. J. K. Rowling b. Manny Paquiao c. Lea Salonga d. Mark Twain •If possible the alternatives should be presented in some logical, numerical, or systematic order. •Response alternatives should be mutually exclusive. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Who wrote Penrod? a. J. K. Rowling b. J. R. R. Tolkien c. V. Hugo d. L. Carrol
Multiple Choice 6. Which of the following statements makes clear the meaning of the word “electron”? a. An electronic tool b. Neutral particles c. Negative particles d. A voting machine e. The nuclei of atoms •Make all responses plausible and attractive to the less knowledgeable and skillful student. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Which of the following phrases is a description of an “electron”? a. Neutral particle b. Negative particle c. Neutralized proton d. Radiated particle e. Atom nucleus
Multiple Choice 7. What is the area of a right triangle whose sides adjacent to the right angle are 4 inches long respectively? a. 7 b. 12 c. 25 d. None of the above •The response alternative “None of the above” should be used with caution, if at all. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: What is the area of a right triangle whose sides adjacent to the right angle are 4 inches and 3 inches respectively? a. 6 sq. inches b. 7 sq. inches c. 12 sq. inches d. 25 sq. inches e. None of the above
Multiple Choice 8. As compared with the American factory worker in the early part of the 19th century, the American factory worker at the close of the century a. was working long hours b. received greater social security benefits c. was to receive lower money wages d. was less likely to belong to a labor union. e. became less likely to have personal contact with employers Make options grammatically parallel to each other and consistent with the stem. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: As compared with the American factory worker in the early part of the century, the American factory worker at the close of the century a. worked longer hours. b. had more social security. c. received lower money wages. d. was less likely to belong to a labor union e. had less personal contact with his employer
Multiple Choice 9. The “standard error of estimate’ refer to a. the objectivity of scoring. b. the percentage of reduced error variance. c. an absolute amount of possible error. d. the amount of error in estimating criterion scores. Avoid such irrelevant cues as “common elements” and “pat verbal associations.” Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: The “standard error of estimate” is most directly related to which of the following test characteristic? a. Objectivity b. Reliability c. Validity d. Usability e. Specificity
Multiple Choice 10. What name is given to the group of complex organic compounds that occur in small quantities in natural foods that are essential to normal nutrition? a. Calorie b. Minerals c. Nutrients d. Vitamins In testing for understanding of a term or concept, it is generally preferable to present the term in the stem and alternative definitions in the options. Why is the item faulty?
Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Which of the following statements is the best description of a vitamin?
Short Answer Type 1. Require short, definite, clear-cut, and explicit answers FAULTY: Earnest Hemingway wrote______ IMPROVED: The Old Man and the Sea was written by _______. Who wrote The Old man and the Sea? Why is the item faulty?
Short Answer Type 2. Avoid multimutilated statements FAULTY: _____ pointed out in ____ the freedom of thought in America was seriously hampered by ___, ____, & __. IMPROVED: That freedom of thought in America was seriously hampered by social pressures toward conformity was pointed out in 1830 by ______. Why is the item faulty?
Short Answer Type • 3. If several equal answers equal credit should be given to each one. • 4. Specify and announce in advance whether scoring will take spelling into account.
Short Answer Type 5. In testing for comprehension of terms and knowledge of definition, it is often better to supply the term and require a definition than to provide a definition and require the term. FAULTY: What is the general measurement term describing the consistency with which items in a test measure the same thing? IMPROVED: Define “internal consistency reliability.” Why is the item faulty?
Short Answer Type 6. It is generally recommended that in completion items the blanks come at the end of the statement. FAULTY: A (an) ________ is the index obtained by dividing a mental age score by chronological age and multiplying by 100. IMPROVED: The index obtained by dividing a mental age score by chronological age and multiplying by 100 is called a (an) ________ Why is the item faulty?
Short Answer Type 7. Minimize the use of textbook expressions and stereotyped language. FAULTY: The power to declare war is vested in ______ IMPROVED: Which national legislative body has the authority to declare war? Why is the item faulty?
Short Answer Type 8. Specify the terms in which the response is to be given. FAULTY: Where does the Security Council of the United Nations hold its meeting? IMPROVED: In what city of the United States does the Security Council of the United Nations hold its meeting? FAULTY: If a circle has 4-inch diameter, its area is_____ IMPROVED: A circle has 4-inch diameter. Its area in square inches correct to two decimal places, is _____ Why is the item faulty?
Short Answer Type 9. In general, direct questions are preferable to incomplete declarative sentences. FAULTY: Gold was discovered in California in the year ___ IMPROVED: In what year was gold discovered in California? Why is the item faulty?
Short Answer Type 10. Avoid extraneous clues to the correct answer FAULTY: A fraction whose denominator is greater than its numerator is a _____ IMPROVED: Fractions whose denominator are greater than their numerators are called _____ Why is the item faulty?
• Ability to Recognize the Relevance of Information 57
• Ability to Recognize Warranted and Unwarranted Generalizations 58
• Ability to Recognize Inferences 59
• Ability to Interpret Experimental Findings 60
• Ability to Apply Principles 61
• Ability to Recognize Assumptions 62
Reading comprehension • Bem (1975) has argued that androgynous people are “better off” than their sex-typed counterparts because they are not constrained by rigid sex-role concepts and are freer to respond to a wider variety of situations. Seeking to test this hypothesis, Bem exposed masculine, feminine, and androgynous men and women to situations that called for independence (a masculine attribute) or nurturance (a feminine attribute). The test for masculine independence assessed the subject’s willingness to resist social pressure by refusing to agree with peers who gave bogus judgments when rating cartoons for funniness (for example, several peers might say that a very funny cartoon was hilarious). Nurturance or feminine expressiveness, was measured by observing the behavior of the subject when left alone for ten minutes with a 5-month old baby. The result confirmed Bem’s hypothesis. Both the masculine sex- typed and the androgynous subjects were more independent (less conforming) on the ‘independence” test than feminine sex-typed individuals. Furthermore, both the feminine and the androgynous subjects were more “nurturant” than the masculine sex-typed individuals when interacting with the baby. Thus, the androgynous subjects were quite flexible, they performed as masculine subjects did on the “feminine” task. 63 35. What is the independent variable in the study? a. Situations calling for independence and nurturance b. Situation to make the sex type react c. Situations to make the androgynous be flexible d. Situations like sex type, androgynous and sex role concepts 36. What are the levels of the IV? a. masculine attribute and feminine attribute b. rating cartoons and taking care of a baby c. independence and nurturance d. flexibility and rigidity
Interpreting Diagrams Instruction. Study the following illustrations and answer the following questions. Figure 1 64 Pretest Posttest 101. Which group received the treatment? a. group A b. group B b. c. none of the above 102. Why did group B remain stable across the experiment? a. there is an EV b. there is no treatment c. there is the occurence of ceiling effect 103. What is the problem at the start of the experiment? a. the groups are nonequivalent b. the groups are competing with each other c. the treatment took place immediately
Workshop 1 • Work in groups. • Write one learning competency taken from the curriculum guide and write one item to match the objective. • Ensure that the items is aligned with the learning competency • Conditions: Skills should cover understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluation, use multiple choice • Organize the presentation in a table: • Group presentation and feedback will follow.
Characteristics of performance-based assessment • Students perform, create, construct, produce, or do something. • Deep understanding and/or reasoning skills are needed and assessed. • Involves sustained work, [often days and weeks]. • Calls on students to explain, justify, and defend. • Performance is directly observable. • Involves engaging in ideas of importance and substance. • Relies on trained assessor’s judgments for scoring • Multiple criteria and standards are prespecified and public • There is no single correct answer. • If authentic, the performance is grounded in real world contexts and constraints.
Learning Targets • Skills – Communication and presentation skills – Ex: Speaking 1. Speaking clearly, expressively, and audibly a. Using voice expressively b. Speaking articulately and pronouncing words correctly c. Using appropriate vocal volume 2. Presenting ideas with appropriate introduction, development, and conclusion 1. Presenting ideas in an effective order 2. Providing a clear focus on the central idea 3. Providing signal words, internal summaries, and transitions
Learning Targets 3. Developing ideas using appropriate support materials a) Being clear and using reasoning processes b) Clarifying, illustrating, exemplifying, and documenting ideas 4. Using nonverbal cues a. Using eye contact b. Using appropriate facial expressions, gestures, and body movement 5. Selecting language to a special purpose a. Using language and conventions appropriate for the audience
Learning Targets • Psychomotor skills – Fine motor: cutting papers with scissors, drawing a line tracing, penmanship, coloring drawing, connecting dots – Gross motor: Walking, jumping, balancing, throwing, skipping, kicking – Complex: Perform a swing golf, operate a computer, drive a car, operate a microscope – Visual: Copying, finding letters, finding embedded figures, identifying shapes, discrimination – Verbal and auditory: identify and discriminate sounds, imitate sounds, pronounce carefully, blend vowels
Learning Targets • Products – Write promotional materials – Report on a foreign country – Playing a new song
Variation of authenticity Relatively authentic Somewhat authentic Authentic Identify the materials used in dressing a wound Give the steps in dressing a wound Dresses the wound of a patient Tell the use of a thermometer Records temperature in a chart Uses the thermometer on a patient and records it. Explain the steps on taking blood pressure Show how to take the blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer Get the blood pressure of a patient.
Complexity of task • Restricted-type task – Narrowly defined and require brief responses – Task is structured and specific – Ex: • Construct a bar graph from data provided • Demonstrate a shorter conversation in French about what is on a menu • Read an article from the newspaper and answer questions • Flip a coin ten times. Predict what the next ten flips of the coin will be, and explain why. • Listen to the evening news on television and explain if you believe the stories are biased. • Construct a circle, square, and triangle from provided materials that have the same circumference.
Constructing Performance Based tasks • Extended-type task – Complex and elaborate – Often include collaborative work with small group of students. – Requires the use of a variety of information – Examples: • Design a playhouse and estimate cost of materials and labor • Plan a trip to another country: Include the budget and itinerary, and justify why you want to visit certain places • Conduct a historical reenactment (e. g. impeachment trial of ERAP) • Diagnose and repair a car problem • Design an advertising campaign for a new or existing product
Identifying Performance Task Description • Prepare a task description • Listing of specifications to ensure that essential if criteria are met • Includes the ff.: – Content and skill targets to be assessed – Description of student activities • Group or individual • Help allowed – Resources needed – Teacher role – Administrative process – Scoring procedures
Performance-based Task Question Prompt • Task prompts and questions will be based on the task descriptions. • Clearly identifies the outcomes, outlines what the students are encourage dot do, explains criteria for judgment.
Performance Criteria • What you look for in student responses to evaluate their progress toward meeting the learning target. • Dimensions of traits in performance that are used to illustrate understanding, reasoning, and proficiency. • Start with identifying the most important dimensions of the performance • What distinguishes an adequate to an inadequate demonstration of the target?
Example of Criteria • Learning target: – Students will be able to write a persuasive paper to encourage the reader to accept a specific course of action or point of view. • Criteria: – Appropriateness of language for the audience – Plausibility and relevance of supporting arguments. – Level of detail presented – Evidence of creative, innovative thinking – Clarity of expression – Organization of ideas
Example of a task Prompt:
6. Nailalarawan ang mga yamang likas ng Asya KASANAYAN :
A. Proyekto na Gagawin Bubuo ng isang pangkat na may limang mag- aaral para makalikha ng “Travel Brochure”. Naglalaman ito ng mga larawan ng Likas na Yaman na matatagpuan sa kontinente ng Asya . Matatagpuan din dito ang ialng mahalagang impormasyon na naglalarawan patungkol sa Likas na Yaman sa Asya. -Yamang Lupa -Yamang Tubig
• B. Mga Inaasahang Gagawin • Pangangalap ng mga datos at 5 hangang 6 na larawan ng mga likas na yaman. Mga materyales na gagamitin (cardboard, folder, coloring materials, colored paper, paste/glue, impormasyon sa website ng kinuhanan ng larawan, gunting, interview atbp.) • Gamit ang impormasyon mula sa websites o interview, ilalarawan ng mga mag-aaral ang mga sumusunod sa brochure: – Mga lugar na makikita dito – Paano ito puntahan – Mga makikita sa lugar na ito – Mga maaring tirahan at kainin • Ang paglalarawan ay isa o dalwwang pangungusap lamang sa bawat larawan na ilalagay sa brochure.
C. Pamantayan sa Pagmamarka 1. Kaalaman sa mga likas na yaman ng Asya. 2. Malinaw na mga larawan 3. Tamang paglalarawan ng mga larawan
Rating Scales • Indicate the degree to which a particular dimension is present. • Three kinds: – Numerical – Qualitative – Combined Qualitative and Quantitative
Rating Scale • Numerical Scale – Numbers of a continuum to indicate different level of proficiency in terms of frequency or quality Example: Complete Understanding 5 4 3 2 1 No understanding Clear organization 5 4 3 2 1 No organization Fluent reader 5 4 3 2 1 Emerging reader
Rating Scale • Qualitative scale – Uses verbal descriptions to indicate student performance. – Provides a way to check the whether each dimension was evidenced. • Type A: Indicate different gradations of the dimension • Type B: Checklist
Rating Scale • Example of Type A: – Minimal, partial, complete – Never, seldom, occasionally, frequently, always – Consistent, sporadically, rarely – None, some, complete – Novice, intermediate, advance, superior – Inadequate, needs improvement, good excellent – Excellent, proficient, needs improvement – Absent, developing, adequate, fully developed – Limited, partial, thorough – Emerging, developing, achieving – Not there yet, shows growth, proficient – Excellent, good, fair, poor
Rating Scale • Example of Type A: Checklist
Rating Scale • Holistic scale – The category of the scale contains several criteria, yielding a single score that gives an overall impression or rating Example level 4: Sophisticated understanding of text indicated with constructed meaning level 3: Solid understanding of text indicated with some constructed meaning level 2: Partial understanding of text indicated with tenuous constructed meaning level 1: superficial understanding of text with little or no constructed meaning
Example holistic scale
Analytic scale • Analytic Scale – One in which each criterion receives a separate score. Example Criteria Outstanding 5 4 Competent 3 Marginal 2 1 Creative ideas Logical organization Relevance of detail Variety in words and sentences Vivid images
Rubrics • When scoring criteria are combined with a rating scale, a complete scoring guideline is produced or rubric. • A scoring guide that uses criteria to differentiate between levels of student proficiency.
Example of a rubric
• Rubrics should answer the following questions: – By what criteria should performance be judged? – Where should we look and what should we look for to judge performance success? – What does the range in the performance quality look like? – How do we determine validity, reliability, and fairly what scores should be given and what that score means? – How should the different levels of quality be described and distinguished from one another? Rubric
Workshop • Work in groups and create a performance task for one objective. • Ensure that the performance task is aligned with the learning competency • Organize the presentation in using the following: – Learning competency – Describe the final output – Describe what the students will do – List the criteria • Group presentation and feedback will follow.
crlmgn@yahoo.com 0917 607 08 23

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Assessment in the Social Studies Curriculum

  • 1.
    Assessment in the SocialStudies Curriculum Carlo Magno, PhD, crlmgn@yahoo.com
  • 2.
    Answer the question •You are tasked to check the test paper of one teacher. What are the specific things that you need to look for when checking the test?
  • 3.
    Objectives • 1. Checkthe alignment between the learning competencies and the items contained in the assessment. • 2. Distinguish using paper and pencil or performance-based needed when creating assessment tasks. • 3. Follow the rules in writing types of items and performance-based tasks.
  • 4.
    What to check?ContentValidity Checkfor alignment between the course objectives and the competency covered in the task Check if the assessment is appropriate with the form assessment task made (paper and pen vs. performance-based) Face Validity Minor: Rules in writing the tasks Minor: Syntax (grammar) Minor: Suitability for learners
  • 5.
    Assessment Process Objectives in thesyllabus Create Assessment tasks Content Validity Review assessment tasks Revision Data GatheringData Analysis Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Supervisor •Needs of students and society •Mission and vision of the school •National and International Standards •Existing programs
  • 6.
    Task! • Objective: Naipakikitasa pamamagitan ng timeline ang mga pagbabago sa buhay at mga personal na gamit mula noong sanggol hanggang sa kasalukuyang edad. – Assessment task? • Objective: Nakagagawa ng payak na mapa mula sa tahanan patungo sa paaralan – Assessment Task? • Objective: Nailalarawan ang populasyon ng iba’t ibang pamayanan sa sariling lalawigan gamit ang bar graph – Assessment task? • Objective: Naihahambing ang mga paniniwala noon at ngayon upang maipakita ang mga nagbago at nagpapatuloy hanggang sa kasalukuyan – Assessment task?
  • 7.
    How many assessment? •AP Grade 7, 2nd quarter 1. Napapahalagahan ang mga pilosopiya at relihiyon na naghubog ng sinaunang kabihasnang sa Asya 7. Nabibigyang kahulugan ang mga konsepto ng tradisyon, pilosopiya at relihiyon 2. Nasusuri ang paghubog, pag-unlad at kalikasan ng mga mga pamayanan at estado 8. Nasusuri ang mga mahahalagang pangyayari mula sa sinaunang kabihasnan (pamahalaan, edukasyon, teknolohiya etc.) 3. Nakakabuo ng mga kongklusyon hinggil sa pamumuhay ng mga sinaunang pamayanan 9. Natataya ang impluwensiya ng mga paniniwala sa kalagayang panlipunan,sining at kultura ng mga Asyano 4. Nabibigyang kahulugan ang konsepto ng kabihasnan 10. Nasusuri ang bahaging ginampanan ng mga pananaw, paniniwala at tradisyon 5. Napaghahambing ang mga sinaunang kabihasnan sa Asya (Sumer, Indus, Tsina) 11. Nasusuri ang mga kalagayang legal at tradisyon ng mga kababaihan 6. Napahahalagahan ang mga kaisipang pinagbatayan (sinocentrism, divine origin, devajara) sa pagkilala sa sinaunang kabihasnan 12. Napapahalagahan ang mga kontribusyon ng mga sinaunang lipunan ng Asya
  • 8.
    Constructive Alignment  Objective:Natataya ang mga dahilan at epekto ng unang yugto ng imperyalismo at kolonisasyon sa Europa. (Understanding) Performance task: Sumulat ng sanaysay na ipinapakita ang mga dahilan ng dalawang European empires sa pagpapalawak ng kanilang territory sa Asia. Ipaliwana ng ang naging epekito ng pagpapalawak sa kanilang ekomomiya at kultura. • Objective: Naipaliliwanag ang konsepto ng pagkonsumo (Understanding) • Performance task: Isulat sa kwaderno ang kwaderno ang paliwanag kug bakit kailangang magkonsumo at paano ito makakatulong sa mga negosyo.  Objective: Natutukoy ang mga paghahanda na nararapat gawin sa harap ng mga kalamidad (recalling) • Test item: Biglang nagkaroon ng lindol. Ikaw at ang iyong mga kamag aral ay kasalukuyan nagkaklase. Ano ang una ninyong gagawin ayon sa tuntunin ng Distaster Risk Reduction? (options provided)
  • 9.
    Matching Items withCriterion Item • Instruction: Indicate whether the matching of the objective and item is suitable. • 1. Objective: Naipaliliwanag ang iba’t ibang uri ng kalamidad na nararanasan sa komunidad at sa bansa. • Criterion item: Ililista ng guro sa pisara ang iba’t ibang kalamidad na natatamasa sa Pilipinas. Isusulat ng mga magaaral kung ano ang nangyayari sa bawat kalamidad at sasabihin ang mga pinsalang maidudulot nito. Sasabihin din ang mga bagay na maaring gawin. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
  • 10.
    Matching Items withCriterion Item • 2. Objective: Natutukoy ang mga ahensiya ng pamahalaan na responsable sa kaligtasan ng mamamayan sa panahon ng kalamidad. • Criterion Item: Ibigay ang kahulugan ng mga sumusunod na akronim: PAG-ASA, PhIVolcS, DENR • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
  • 11.
    Matching Items withCriterion Item • 3. Objective: Nakabubuo ng mga mungkahi upang malutas ang suliranin ng unemployment • Criterion Item: Sumulat ng sanaysay at ipaliwanag kung bakit nagkakaroon ng suliranin sa kakulagan ng trabaho sa Pilipinas. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
  • 12.
    Matching Items withCriterion Item • 4. Objective: Nailalarawan ang kalagayan ng Pilipinas na nasa “Pacific Ring of Fire” at ang implikasyon nito. • Criterion item: Anu anong mga kalamidad ang maaring maganap sa Pilipinas na kasama sa Pacific ring of fire. Ilarwan ang mga pangyayaring ito. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
  • 13.
    Matching Items withCriterion Item • 5. Objective: Nakabubuo ng konklusyon na ang matalinong pangangasiwa ng likas na yaman • Criterion Item: Gumawa ng slogan at sumulat ng mensahe kung paano maaalagaan ang mga likas na yaman. • Is the item Suitable? ___ Yes ____ No ____Can’t tell
  • 14.
    Observe the twosets of objectives • Natutukoy ang iba pang tao na naglilingkod at ang kanilang kahalagahan sa komunidad • Natutukoy ang mga natural na kalamidad o sakunang madalas maganap sa sariling komunidad • Natutukoy ang mga pangyayaring nagbigay daan sa digmaan ng mga Pilipino laban sa Estados Unidos • Nakabubuo ng interpretasyon ng kapaligiran at karatig na mga lalawigan ng rehiyon gamit ang mapa • Nakakalahok sa mga proyekto o mungkahi na nagpapaunlad o nagsusulong ng natatanging • Nasasabi ang mga wastong gawain/ pagkilos sa tahanan at paaralan sa panahon ng kalamidad
  • 15.
    Paper and penvs. Performance-based tasks • Format: binary, multiple choice, matching type, short answer • Measure discreet skills (cognitive) • Group administration • Format: demonstrations, performances, actual work (authentic) • Measure complex integrated skills (cognitive, psychomotor, affect) • Individual or several groups
  • 16.
    Determine if theobjectives will require paper and pen or performance-based task • 1. State the domain and range of a given function • 2. Solve systems of linear equations in two variables by the graphical method • 3. Draw the slope of the given equation • 4. Simplify complex fractions • 5. Deliver a speech to persuade people to donate for the orphanage • 6. Multiply and divide rational algebraic expression • 7. List hazards of working with chemicals • 8. Classify the properties of substances as to physical or chemical and extrinsic or intrinsic • 9. Cite evidence of chemical changes • 10. Present ways to prevent walls from easily cracking during earthquakes
  • 17.
    Paper and pencilassessment • Binary type – remembering - understanding • Matching type - remembering • Multiple choice – remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating • Supply type - remembering
  • 18.
    Binary Type • 1.Avoid the use of “specific determiners” • FAULTY: No picture-no sound in a television set may indicate a bad 5U4G. • IMPROVED: A bad 5U4G tube in a television set will result in no picture sound. Why is the item faulty?
  • 19.
    Binary Type • 2.Base true-false items upon statements that are absolutely true or false, without qualifications or exceptions. • FAULTY: World War II was fought in Europe and the Far East. • IMPROVED: The primary combat locations in terms of military personnel during World War II were Europe and the Far East. Why is the item faulty?
  • 20.
    Binary Type • 3.Avoid negative stated items when possible and eliminate all double negatives. • FAULTY: It is not frequently observed that copper turns green as a result of oxidation. • IMPROVED: Copper will turn green upon oxidizing. Why is the item faulty?
  • 21.
    Binary Type • 4.Use quantitative and precise rather than qualitative language where possible. • FAULTY: Many people voted for Gloria Arroyo in the 2003 Presidential election. • IMPROVED: Gloria Arroyo received more than 60 percent of the popular votes cast in the Presidential election of 2003. Why is the item faulty?
  • 22.
    Binary Type • 5.Avoid stereotypic and textbook statements. • FAULTY: From time to time efforts have been made to explode the notion that there may be a cause-and- effect relationship between arboreal life and primate anatomy. • IMPROVED: There is a known relationship between primate anatomy and arboreal life. Why is the item faulty?
  • 23.
    Binary Type • 6.Avoid making the true items consistently longer than the false items. • 7. Avoid the use of unfamiliar or esoteric language. • FAULTY: According to some peripatetic politicos, the raison d’etre for capital punishment is retribution. • IMPROVED: According to some politicians, justification for the existence of capital punishment can be traced to the Biblical statement, “An eye for an eye.” Why is the item faulty?
  • 24.
    Binary Type • 8.Avoid complex sentences with many dependent clauses. • FAULTY: Jane Austen, an American novelist born in 1790, was a prolific writer and is best known for her novel Pride and Prejudice, which was published in 1820. • IMPROVED: Jane Austen is best known for her novel Pride and prejudice. Why is the item faulty?
  • 25.
    Binary Type • 9.It is suggested that the crucial elements of an item be placed at the end of the statement. • FAULTY: Oxygen reduction occurs more readily because carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin faster than oxygen does. • IMPROVED: Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs because carbon monoxide dissolves delicate lung tissue. Why is the item faulty?
  • 26.
    Matching Type Match ListA with List B. You will be given one point for each correct match. List A List B a. cotton gin a. Eli Whitney b. reaper b. Alexander Graham Bell c. wheel c. David Brinkley d. TU54G tube d. Louisa May Alcott e. steamboat e. None of these •Directions failed to specify the basis for matching •List are enumerated identically •Responses not listed logically •Lacks homogeneity •Equal number of elements •Use of “None of the above” Why is the item faulty?
  • 27.
    Matching Type IMPROVED: Famousinventions are listed in the left-hand column and inventors in the right-hand column below. Place the letter corresponding to the inventor in the space next to the invention for which he s famous. Each match is worth 1 point, and “None of these” may be the correct answer. Inventors may be used more than once. Inventions Inventors __ 1. steamboat a. Alexander Graham-Bell __ 2. cotton skin b. Robert Fulton __ 3. sewing machine c. Elias Howe __ 4. reaper d. Cyrus McCormick e. Eli Whitney
  • 28.
    Multiple Choice 1. SalvadorDali is a. a famous Indian. b. important in international law. c. known for his surrealistic art. d. the author of many avant-garde plays. •It is recommended that the stem be a direct question. •The stem should pose a clear, define, explicit, and singular problem. Why is the item faulty?
  • 29.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Withwhich one of the fine arts is Salvador Dali associated? a. surrealistic painting b. avant-garde theatre c. polytonal symphonic music d. impressionistic poetry
  • 30.
    Multiple Choice 2. Milkcan be pasteurized at home by a. heating it to a temperature of 130o b. Heating it to a temperature of 145o c. Heating it to a temperature of 160o d. Heating it to a temperature of 175o •Include in the stem any words that might otherwise be repeated in each response. Why is the item faulty?
  • 31.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Theminimum temperature that can be used to pasteurize milk at home is: a. 130oC b. 145oC c. 160oC d. 175oC
  • 32.
    Multiple Choice 3. Althoughthe experimental research, particularly that by Hansmocker must be considered equivocal and assumptions viewed as too restrictive, most testing experts would recommend as the easiest method of significantly improving paper-and-pencil achievement test reliability to a. increase the size of the group being tested. b. increase the differential weighting of items. c. increase the objective of scoring. d. increase the number of items. e. increase the amount of testing time. Items should be stated simply and understandably, excluding all nonfunctional words from stem and alternatives. Why is the item faulty?
  • 33.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Assumea 10-item, 10-minute paper- and-pencil multiple choice achievement test has a reliability of .40. The easiest way of increasing the reliability to .80 would be to increased a. group size b. scoring objectivity c. differential item scoring weights d. the number of items e. testing time
  • 34.
    Multiple Choice 4. Noneof the following cities is a state capital except a. Bangor b. Los Angeles c. Denver d. New Haven •Avoid negatively stated items Why is the item faulty?
  • 35.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Whichof the following cities is a state capital? a. Bangor b. Los Angeles c. Denver d. New Haven
  • 36.
    Multiple Choice 5. Whowrote Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire? a. J. K. Rowling b. Manny Paquiao c. Lea Salonga d. Mark Twain •If possible the alternatives should be presented in some logical, numerical, or systematic order. •Response alternatives should be mutually exclusive. Why is the item faulty?
  • 37.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Whowrote Penrod? a. J. K. Rowling b. J. R. R. Tolkien c. V. Hugo d. L. Carrol
  • 38.
    Multiple Choice 6. Whichof the following statements makes clear the meaning of the word “electron”? a. An electronic tool b. Neutral particles c. Negative particles d. A voting machine e. The nuclei of atoms •Make all responses plausible and attractive to the less knowledgeable and skillful student. Why is the item faulty?
  • 39.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Whichof the following phrases is a description of an “electron”? a. Neutral particle b. Negative particle c. Neutralized proton d. Radiated particle e. Atom nucleus
  • 40.
    Multiple Choice 7. Whatis the area of a right triangle whose sides adjacent to the right angle are 4 inches long respectively? a. 7 b. 12 c. 25 d. None of the above •The response alternative “None of the above” should be used with caution, if at all. Why is the item faulty?
  • 41.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Whatis the area of a right triangle whose sides adjacent to the right angle are 4 inches and 3 inches respectively? a. 6 sq. inches b. 7 sq. inches c. 12 sq. inches d. 25 sq. inches e. None of the above
  • 42.
    Multiple Choice 8. Ascompared with the American factory worker in the early part of the 19th century, the American factory worker at the close of the century a. was working long hours b. received greater social security benefits c. was to receive lower money wages d. was less likely to belong to a labor union. e. became less likely to have personal contact with employers Make options grammatically parallel to each other and consistent with the stem. Why is the item faulty?
  • 43.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Ascompared with the American factory worker in the early part of the century, the American factory worker at the close of the century a. worked longer hours. b. had more social security. c. received lower money wages. d. was less likely to belong to a labor union e. had less personal contact with his employer
  • 44.
    Multiple Choice 9. The“standard error of estimate’ refer to a. the objectivity of scoring. b. the percentage of reduced error variance. c. an absolute amount of possible error. d. the amount of error in estimating criterion scores. Avoid such irrelevant cues as “common elements” and “pat verbal associations.” Why is the item faulty?
  • 45.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: The“standard error of estimate” is most directly related to which of the following test characteristic? a. Objectivity b. Reliability c. Validity d. Usability e. Specificity
  • 46.
    Multiple Choice 10. Whatname is given to the group of complex organic compounds that occur in small quantities in natural foods that are essential to normal nutrition? a. Calorie b. Minerals c. Nutrients d. Vitamins In testing for understanding of a term or concept, it is generally preferable to present the term in the stem and alternative definitions in the options. Why is the item faulty?
  • 47.
    Multiple Choice IMPROVED: Whichof the following statements is the best description of a vitamin?
  • 48.
    Short Answer Type 1.Require short, definite, clear-cut, and explicit answers FAULTY: Earnest Hemingway wrote______ IMPROVED: The Old Man and the Sea was written by _______. Who wrote The Old man and the Sea? Why is the item faulty?
  • 49.
    Short Answer Type 2.Avoid multimutilated statements FAULTY: _____ pointed out in ____ the freedom of thought in America was seriously hampered by ___, ____, & __. IMPROVED: That freedom of thought in America was seriously hampered by social pressures toward conformity was pointed out in 1830 by ______. Why is the item faulty?
  • 50.
    Short Answer Type •3. If several equal answers equal credit should be given to each one. • 4. Specify and announce in advance whether scoring will take spelling into account.
  • 51.
    Short Answer Type 5.In testing for comprehension of terms and knowledge of definition, it is often better to supply the term and require a definition than to provide a definition and require the term. FAULTY: What is the general measurement term describing the consistency with which items in a test measure the same thing? IMPROVED: Define “internal consistency reliability.” Why is the item faulty?
  • 52.
    Short Answer Type 6.It is generally recommended that in completion items the blanks come at the end of the statement. FAULTY: A (an) ________ is the index obtained by dividing a mental age score by chronological age and multiplying by 100. IMPROVED: The index obtained by dividing a mental age score by chronological age and multiplying by 100 is called a (an) ________ Why is the item faulty?
  • 53.
    Short Answer Type 7.Minimize the use of textbook expressions and stereotyped language. FAULTY: The power to declare war is vested in ______ IMPROVED: Which national legislative body has the authority to declare war? Why is the item faulty?
  • 54.
    Short Answer Type 8.Specify the terms in which the response is to be given. FAULTY: Where does the Security Council of the United Nations hold its meeting? IMPROVED: In what city of the United States does the Security Council of the United Nations hold its meeting? FAULTY: If a circle has 4-inch diameter, its area is_____ IMPROVED: A circle has 4-inch diameter. Its area in square inches correct to two decimal places, is _____ Why is the item faulty?
  • 55.
    Short Answer Type 9.In general, direct questions are preferable to incomplete declarative sentences. FAULTY: Gold was discovered in California in the year ___ IMPROVED: In what year was gold discovered in California? Why is the item faulty?
  • 56.
    Short Answer Type 10.Avoid extraneous clues to the correct answer FAULTY: A fraction whose denominator is greater than its numerator is a _____ IMPROVED: Fractions whose denominator are greater than their numerators are called _____ Why is the item faulty?
  • 57.
    • Ability toRecognize the Relevance of Information 57
  • 58.
    • Ability toRecognize Warranted and Unwarranted Generalizations 58
  • 59.
    • Ability toRecognize Inferences 59
  • 60.
    • Ability toInterpret Experimental Findings 60
  • 61.
    • Ability toApply Principles 61
  • 62.
    • Ability toRecognize Assumptions 62
  • 63.
    Reading comprehension • Bem(1975) has argued that androgynous people are “better off” than their sex-typed counterparts because they are not constrained by rigid sex-role concepts and are freer to respond to a wider variety of situations. Seeking to test this hypothesis, Bem exposed masculine, feminine, and androgynous men and women to situations that called for independence (a masculine attribute) or nurturance (a feminine attribute). The test for masculine independence assessed the subject’s willingness to resist social pressure by refusing to agree with peers who gave bogus judgments when rating cartoons for funniness (for example, several peers might say that a very funny cartoon was hilarious). Nurturance or feminine expressiveness, was measured by observing the behavior of the subject when left alone for ten minutes with a 5-month old baby. The result confirmed Bem’s hypothesis. Both the masculine sex- typed and the androgynous subjects were more independent (less conforming) on the ‘independence” test than feminine sex-typed individuals. Furthermore, both the feminine and the androgynous subjects were more “nurturant” than the masculine sex-typed individuals when interacting with the baby. Thus, the androgynous subjects were quite flexible, they performed as masculine subjects did on the “feminine” task. 63 35. What is the independent variable in the study? a. Situations calling for independence and nurturance b. Situation to make the sex type react c. Situations to make the androgynous be flexible d. Situations like sex type, androgynous and sex role concepts 36. What are the levels of the IV? a. masculine attribute and feminine attribute b. rating cartoons and taking care of a baby c. independence and nurturance d. flexibility and rigidity
  • 64.
    Interpreting Diagrams Instruction. Studythe following illustrations and answer the following questions. Figure 1 64 Pretest Posttest 101. Which group received the treatment? a. group A b. group B b. c. none of the above 102. Why did group B remain stable across the experiment? a. there is an EV b. there is no treatment c. there is the occurence of ceiling effect 103. What is the problem at the start of the experiment? a. the groups are nonequivalent b. the groups are competing with each other c. the treatment took place immediately
  • 65.
    Workshop 1 • Workin groups. • Write one learning competency taken from the curriculum guide and write one item to match the objective. • Ensure that the items is aligned with the learning competency • Conditions: Skills should cover understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluation, use multiple choice • Organize the presentation in a table: • Group presentation and feedback will follow.
  • 66.
    Characteristics of performance-based assessment •Students perform, create, construct, produce, or do something. • Deep understanding and/or reasoning skills are needed and assessed. • Involves sustained work, [often days and weeks]. • Calls on students to explain, justify, and defend. • Performance is directly observable. • Involves engaging in ideas of importance and substance. • Relies on trained assessor’s judgments for scoring • Multiple criteria and standards are prespecified and public • There is no single correct answer. • If authentic, the performance is grounded in real world contexts and constraints.
  • 67.
    Learning Targets • Skills –Communication and presentation skills – Ex: Speaking 1. Speaking clearly, expressively, and audibly a. Using voice expressively b. Speaking articulately and pronouncing words correctly c. Using appropriate vocal volume 2. Presenting ideas with appropriate introduction, development, and conclusion 1. Presenting ideas in an effective order 2. Providing a clear focus on the central idea 3. Providing signal words, internal summaries, and transitions
  • 68.
    Learning Targets 3. Developingideas using appropriate support materials a) Being clear and using reasoning processes b) Clarifying, illustrating, exemplifying, and documenting ideas 4. Using nonverbal cues a. Using eye contact b. Using appropriate facial expressions, gestures, and body movement 5. Selecting language to a special purpose a. Using language and conventions appropriate for the audience
  • 69.
    Learning Targets • Psychomotorskills – Fine motor: cutting papers with scissors, drawing a line tracing, penmanship, coloring drawing, connecting dots – Gross motor: Walking, jumping, balancing, throwing, skipping, kicking – Complex: Perform a swing golf, operate a computer, drive a car, operate a microscope – Visual: Copying, finding letters, finding embedded figures, identifying shapes, discrimination – Verbal and auditory: identify and discriminate sounds, imitate sounds, pronounce carefully, blend vowels
  • 70.
    Learning Targets • Products –Write promotional materials – Report on a foreign country – Playing a new song
  • 71.
    Variation of authenticity Relativelyauthentic Somewhat authentic Authentic Identify the materials used in dressing a wound Give the steps in dressing a wound Dresses the wound of a patient Tell the use of a thermometer Records temperature in a chart Uses the thermometer on a patient and records it. Explain the steps on taking blood pressure Show how to take the blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer Get the blood pressure of a patient.
  • 72.
    Complexity of task •Restricted-type task – Narrowly defined and require brief responses – Task is structured and specific – Ex: • Construct a bar graph from data provided • Demonstrate a shorter conversation in French about what is on a menu • Read an article from the newspaper and answer questions • Flip a coin ten times. Predict what the next ten flips of the coin will be, and explain why. • Listen to the evening news on television and explain if you believe the stories are biased. • Construct a circle, square, and triangle from provided materials that have the same circumference.
  • 73.
    Constructing Performance Basedtasks • Extended-type task – Complex and elaborate – Often include collaborative work with small group of students. – Requires the use of a variety of information – Examples: • Design a playhouse and estimate cost of materials and labor • Plan a trip to another country: Include the budget and itinerary, and justify why you want to visit certain places • Conduct a historical reenactment (e. g. impeachment trial of ERAP) • Diagnose and repair a car problem • Design an advertising campaign for a new or existing product
  • 74.
    Identifying Performance Task Description •Prepare a task description • Listing of specifications to ensure that essential if criteria are met • Includes the ff.: – Content and skill targets to be assessed – Description of student activities • Group or individual • Help allowed – Resources needed – Teacher role – Administrative process – Scoring procedures
  • 75.
    Performance-based Task Question Prompt •Task prompts and questions will be based on the task descriptions. • Clearly identifies the outcomes, outlines what the students are encourage dot do, explains criteria for judgment.
  • 76.
    Performance Criteria • Whatyou look for in student responses to evaluate their progress toward meeting the learning target. • Dimensions of traits in performance that are used to illustrate understanding, reasoning, and proficiency. • Start with identifying the most important dimensions of the performance • What distinguishes an adequate to an inadequate demonstration of the target?
  • 77.
    Example of Criteria •Learning target: – Students will be able to write a persuasive paper to encourage the reader to accept a specific course of action or point of view. • Criteria: – Appropriateness of language for the audience – Plausibility and relevance of supporting arguments. – Level of detail presented – Evidence of creative, innovative thinking – Clarity of expression – Organization of ideas
  • 78.
    Example of atask Prompt:
  • 79.
    6. Nailalarawan ang mgayamang likas ng Asya KASANAYAN :
  • 80.
    A. Proyekto naGagawin Bubuo ng isang pangkat na may limang mag- aaral para makalikha ng “Travel Brochure”. Naglalaman ito ng mga larawan ng Likas na Yaman na matatagpuan sa kontinente ng Asya . Matatagpuan din dito ang ialng mahalagang impormasyon na naglalarawan patungkol sa Likas na Yaman sa Asya. -Yamang Lupa -Yamang Tubig
  • 81.
    • B. MgaInaasahang Gagawin • Pangangalap ng mga datos at 5 hangang 6 na larawan ng mga likas na yaman. Mga materyales na gagamitin (cardboard, folder, coloring materials, colored paper, paste/glue, impormasyon sa website ng kinuhanan ng larawan, gunting, interview atbp.) • Gamit ang impormasyon mula sa websites o interview, ilalarawan ng mga mag-aaral ang mga sumusunod sa brochure: – Mga lugar na makikita dito – Paano ito puntahan – Mga makikita sa lugar na ito – Mga maaring tirahan at kainin • Ang paglalarawan ay isa o dalwwang pangungusap lamang sa bawat larawan na ilalagay sa brochure.
  • 82.
    C. Pamantayan saPagmamarka 1. Kaalaman sa mga likas na yaman ng Asya. 2. Malinaw na mga larawan 3. Tamang paglalarawan ng mga larawan
  • 83.
    Rating Scales • Indicatethe degree to which a particular dimension is present. • Three kinds: – Numerical – Qualitative – Combined Qualitative and Quantitative
  • 84.
    Rating Scale • NumericalScale – Numbers of a continuum to indicate different level of proficiency in terms of frequency or quality Example: Complete Understanding 5 4 3 2 1 No understanding Clear organization 5 4 3 2 1 No organization Fluent reader 5 4 3 2 1 Emerging reader
  • 85.
    Rating Scale • Qualitativescale – Uses verbal descriptions to indicate student performance. – Provides a way to check the whether each dimension was evidenced. • Type A: Indicate different gradations of the dimension • Type B: Checklist
  • 86.
    Rating Scale • Exampleof Type A: – Minimal, partial, complete – Never, seldom, occasionally, frequently, always – Consistent, sporadically, rarely – None, some, complete – Novice, intermediate, advance, superior – Inadequate, needs improvement, good excellent – Excellent, proficient, needs improvement – Absent, developing, adequate, fully developed – Limited, partial, thorough – Emerging, developing, achieving – Not there yet, shows growth, proficient – Excellent, good, fair, poor
  • 87.
    Rating Scale • Exampleof Type A: Checklist
  • 88.
    Rating Scale • Holisticscale – The category of the scale contains several criteria, yielding a single score that gives an overall impression or rating Example level 4: Sophisticated understanding of text indicated with constructed meaning level 3: Solid understanding of text indicated with some constructed meaning level 2: Partial understanding of text indicated with tenuous constructed meaning level 1: superficial understanding of text with little or no constructed meaning
  • 89.
  • 90.
    Analytic scale • AnalyticScale – One in which each criterion receives a separate score. Example Criteria Outstanding 5 4 Competent 3 Marginal 2 1 Creative ideas Logical organization Relevance of detail Variety in words and sentences Vivid images
  • 91.
    Rubrics • When scoringcriteria are combined with a rating scale, a complete scoring guideline is produced or rubric. • A scoring guide that uses criteria to differentiate between levels of student proficiency.
  • 92.
  • 93.
    • Rubrics shouldanswer the following questions: – By what criteria should performance be judged? – Where should we look and what should we look for to judge performance success? – What does the range in the performance quality look like? – How do we determine validity, reliability, and fairly what scores should be given and what that score means? – How should the different levels of quality be described and distinguished from one another? Rubric
  • 94.
    Workshop • Work ingroups and create a performance task for one objective. • Ensure that the performance task is aligned with the learning competency • Organize the presentation in using the following: – Learning competency – Describe the final output – Describe what the students will do – List the criteria • Group presentation and feedback will follow.
  • 95.