The stages of tooth development are the bud, cap, and bell stages. A tooth germ consists of an enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac. The enamel organ produces enamel. The dental papilla produces dentin and pulp. The dental sac produces cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The bud stage forms little buds called enamel organs. The cap stage changes the bud shape to a cap form. The bell stage further develops into the early and late bell stages, which gives the tooth crown its final shape and forms the dental hard tissues.

1. Stages of tooth development
Amjad al.bleahid

2. Introduction
• The developmental stages are based on
the shape of the epithelial part
(ectodemal component) of the developing
tooth germ
• These stages are called the bud, cap & the
bell stages

3. A tooth germ consist of three
parts
1-An enamel organ, which is derived from
the oral ectoderm
2- A dental papilla, which is derived from
the ectomesenchyme
3-A dental sac, which is also derived from
ectomesenchyme

4. A) Enamel organ
1-Outer enamel epithelium
2-Inner enamel epithelium
3-The stellate reticulum

5. B) Dental papilla
• It is a condensation of the
ectomesenchyme at the epithelial
concavity (Cellular condensation)

6. c) Dental sac
• There is marginal condensation of the
ectomesenchyme surrounding the enamel
organ & dental papilla (Cellular condensation)

7. • The enamel organ produces enamel
• Dental papilla produces dentin & pulp
• Dental sac produces cementum, periodontal
ligament & alveolar bone

8. Stages of tooth development

9. • 1-Bud stage
• 2-cap stage
• 3-bell stage

10. 1-Bud stage
• At certain points along the dental lamina
• At the site of the future deciduous teeth
• The epithelial cells proliferate
to form little buds called
enamel organ which
grow into the ectomesenchyme

11. 2-Cap stage
• There is uneven growth of the bud, as the
outer margins grow faster than its center
which leads to change in the shape of the
tooth germ to be in a cap form

12. 3-Bell stage
• Continued uneven growth of the tooth
germ leads to the next stage of tooth
development, the bell stage give tow
stages :
• 1-Early bell stage
• 2-late bell stage

13. A) Early bell stage
(Histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation)
the tooth crown assumes its final shape

14. B) Late bell stage
• (appositional stage), this stage is
associated with the formation of dental
hard tissues

15. Review

16. • The enamel organ produces ……………
• Dental papilla produces ……………. & ……………
• Dental sac produce …………… , ……………… & ………………

21. References
• Avery, J.K., Daniel, J & Chiego, Jr: Essential of
Oral Histology and Embryology. A clinical
Approach 4th ed 2013
• Avery, J.K. : Oral development and
Histology, 3rd ed New York Thieme 2002

22. Thank you