Peter Eisenman is an American architect known for his deconstructivist works. He was born in 1932 in New Jersey and received degrees from Cornell, Columbia, and Cambridge universities. He first rose to prominence as part of the New York Five group of architects. Eisenman's works are characterized by disconcerting forms and angles that reject functionalism. Notable works include the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin and the University of Phoenix Stadium in Arizona. The stadium features a retractable natural grass field and is the first fully retractable roof stadium in North America built at an incline.

1. PETER EISENMAN
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
SHEIKH TANZEEL(D-15-AR-35)
EBAD-ULLAH KHAN(D-15-AR-40)

2. INTRODUCTION
 BORN ON AUGUST 11,1932
 BIRTH PLACE:NEWARK, NEW
JERSEY
 ATTENDED COLUMBIA HIGH
SCHOOL, NEW JERSEY
 COMPLETED B.ARCH FROM
CORNELL UNIVERSITY FOLLOWED
BY M.ARCH FROM COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY
 ALSO, ACQUIRED M.A AND Ph.D.
DEGREES FROM CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY

3. CAREER
 HE FIRST ROSE TO PROMINENCE AS A MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK FIVE
(A GROUP OF FIVE ARCHITECTS) : EISENMAN, CHARLES GWATHMEY, JOHN
HEJDUK, RICHARD MEIER, MICHAEL GRAVES
 THESE ARCHITECTS’ WORK AT THAT TIME WAS CONSIDERED A
REWORKING OF THE IDEAS OF LE CORBUSIER
 LATER ON EISENMAN BECAME MORE AFFILIATED TO DECONSTRUCTIVISM

4. PHILOSOPHY OF PETER EISENMAN
 HE REJECTED THE FUNCTIONAL CONCEPT OF MODERNISM BY DESIGNING
STAIRWAYS THAT LED NOWHERE OR COLUMNS THAT DID NOT FUNCTION
AS SUPPORT
 HIS WORKS WERE CHARACTERIZED BY DISCONCERTING FORMS, ANGLES
AND MATERIALS
 ACCORDING TO EISENMAN, WHEN YOU CAN SENSE THE
INCOMPLETENESS OF A FINISHED STRUCTURE, IT IS A PARADOXICAL
EXPERIENCE. IF THE PARTS THAT MAKE UP A WHOLE ARE IN CONFLICT,
THE SENSATION OF THE INCOMPLETE CONTESTS THE FACT THAT THE
STRUCTURE IS, IN FACT, A FINISHED AND FULLY ENCLOSED SPACE

5. WORKS
• MEMORIAL TO THE MURDERED JEWS OF EUROPE, BERLIN
• GREATER COLUMBUS CONVENTION CENTRE, COLUMBUS, OHIO
• WEXNER CENTRE OF THE ARTS, COLUMBUS, OHIO
• HOUSE VI (FRANK RESIDENCE), CONNECTICUT
• CITY OF CULTURE OF GALICIA, SPAIN
• UNIVERSITY OF PHONEIX STADIUM

7. UNIVERSITY OF PHONEIX STADIUM
Former names: Cardinals Stadium (August–September 2006)
Location: Glendale, Arizona
Coordinates: 33°31′39″N 112°15′45″W
Parking: 14,000 on-site parking spaces
Owner: Arizona Sports and Tourism Authority
Capacity:63,400 (expandable to 72,200; standing room to at least
78,600
Surface:Tifway 419 Hybrid Bermuda Grass
Broke ground: April 12, 2003
Opened: August 1, 2006
Construction cost: $455 million($541 million in 2017 dollars)
Architect: Eisenman Architects
Structural engineer: TLCP Structural, Inc. (bowl)
Walter P Moore to a design by Buro Happold (roof)

8. CONCEPT
 University of Phoenix Stadium was designed to be a truly multi-purpose facility with
the ability to host football, basketball, soccer, concerts, consumer shows,
motorsports, rodeos and corporate events.
 The outside shape of the stadium represents a barrel cactus, a very typical plant from
the desert where it’s located. That’s the way the architect found to relate such a huge
building with such a characteristic environment as the desert of Arizona can be.
 The building features alternating sections of shimmering metal panels intended to
reflect the shifting desert light alongside magnificent vertical glass slots allowing
patrons a spectacular view of the horizon from any level of the exterior. There are 21
vertical slots on the exterior wall of the stadium.

9. University of Phoenix Stadium is a multi-purpose football stadium located
in Glendale, Arizona, west of Phoenix. It is the home of the Arizona
Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) and the annual Fiesta
Bowl. It replaced Tempe's Sun Devil Stadium as the Valley of the Sun's
main outdoor stadium. The stadium is adjacent to the Gila River
Arena and it features the first fully retractable natural grass playing
surface built in the United States on top of an Air Field Systems drainage
system. An opening on one side of the stadium allows the playing field to
move to the exterior of the building, allowing the entire natural turf
playing surface to be exposed to daylight and also allowing the floor of the
stadium to be used for any other purpose (such as seating for concerts)
without damaging the turf.

10. INNOVATION
 University of Phoenix Stadium was the first in North America with both a
retractable roof and retractable field. The roll-out natural grass playing
field weighs nearly 20 million pounds and travels a distance of 740 feet in
less than an hour. The field allows football to be played on natural grass
indoors – a feature that has to be given special consideration in the desert
climate. It remains outside the stadium in the sun until game day, getting
the maximum amount of sunshine and nourishment, while eliminating
humidity problems inside the stadium and providing unrestricted access
to the stadium floor for events and staging.
 The facility also boasts the first completely retractable roof in North
America to operate at an incline. Rolling on the same type of steel rail as
the retractable field, the roof panels have a combined weight of one
million pounds and travel 180 feet in 12 minutes.

12. SPACES
 Approximately 63,400 permanent seats, expandable to 72,200 seats
 88 luxury lofts (Three party lofts), approximately 7,400 Club Seats, Two
(2) 39,000 square foot Club Lounges
 160,000 square feet of contiguous exhibit space, 20,000 square feet of
meeting room space
 2 high resolution video scoreboards
 77 Public Restrooms (30 Men’s, 35 Women’s and 12 Family)
 47 Concession stands operated by Center plate
 10 Number of elevators for public use in stadium
 18 Number of escalators for public use in stadium

14.  The stadium seating capacity can be expanded by 9,600 for "mega-events"
such as college bowls, NFL Super Bowls, etc. by adding risers and ganged,
portable "X-frame" folding seats. The endzone area on the side of the
facility where the mobile turf moves in and out of the facility can be
expanded to accommodate the additional ticketholders.
 There are no obstructed view seats in the stadium. There are visible areas
in the upper deck of the end zone where seats could have been put in but
were not due to the giant super columns supporting the roof structure.
 The 25 acres (100,000 m2) surrounding the stadium is called Sportsman's
Park. Included within the Park is an 8-acre (32,000 m2) landscaped
tailgating area called the Great Lawn.

15. STRUCTURE

16. PARKING SPACE
 The stadium has approximately 14,000 on-site parking spaces (plus 12,000
adjacent spaces),located in numerous lots that surround the stadium's
2,000 disabled parking spaces. The design improvement, featured for
example in a Discovery program about this stadium, is zoning. Parking
spaces for guests are zoned with preferred leaving directions, to achieve
the fastest possible movement of traffic.

17. “The real architecture only exists in the drawings and the real building
exists outside the drawing. Architecture and the buildings are not the
same.”
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