骨盤骨折の身体所見の診断性能のシステマチックレビューとメタ解析の下記の論文の解説です。
外傷患者に対して骨盤骨折の有無の身体所見を診察しますが、その診断性能(診断精度)についてシステマチックレビューを行いました。*医療関係者向け
Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for detecting pelvic fractures among blunt trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Emerg Surg. 2020
Okada Y, Nishioka N, Ohtsuru S, Tsujimoto Y.
Oct 2;15(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13017-020-00334-z.
PMID: 33008428
Okumura Y, Nishi D: Risk of recurrent overdose associated with prescribing patterns of psychotropic medications after nonfatal overdose. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 13: 653-665, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S128278
35. 標準的介⼊ (⾎栓予防) のデメリット
注射薬 (ヘパリン)
慎重な⽤量調整 (ビタミンk拮抗薬)
わずらわしい (医療機器)
35Lassen MR et al: N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 6;361(6):594-604.
36. ADVANCEー1,
⼈⼯膝関節置換術後の⾎栓予防
36
P : ⼈⼯膝関節置換術を施⾏予定の患者
I : 経⼝薬アピキサバンと注射プラセボ (試験的介⼊)
C : 注射薬エノキサパリンと経⼝プラセボ (標準的介⼊)
O : 深部静脈⾎栓症+⾮致死的肺塞栓+全死亡
T : 予定された治療期間 (術後10~14⽇)
Lassen MR et al: N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 6;361(6):594-604.
37. ①標準的介⼊のリスク差の推定
エノキサパリン vs プラセボ
37Wangge G et al: CMAJ. 2013 Feb 19;185(3):222-7.
P is betterS is better
PSεδ
Study
Random effects model
Heterogeneity: I-squared=59.1%, tau-squared=0.0098, p=0.0621
1986-Turpie
1992-Leclerc
1996-Kalodiki
1997-Samama
Events
6
11
12
11
Total
225
50
65
32
78
Standard
Events
21
37
13
28
Total
203
50
64
14
75
Placebo
-0.6-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Risk Difference
RD
-0.36
-0.30
-0.41
-0.55
-0.23
95%-CI
[-0.49; -0.23]
[-0.46; -0.14]
[-0.56; -0.26]
[-0.77; -0.34]
[-0.37; -0.10]
38. Study
Random effects model
Heterogeneity: I-squared=59.1%, tau-squared=0.0098, p=0.0621
1986-Turpie
1992-Leclerc
1996-Kalodiki
1997-Samama
Events
6
11
12
11
Total
225
50
65
32
78
Standard
Events
21
37
13
28
Total
203
50
64
14
75
Placebo
-0.6-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Risk Difference
RD
-0.36
-0.30
-0.41
-0.55
-0.23
95%-CI
[-0.49; -0.23]
[-0.46; -0.14]
[-0.56; -0.26]
[-0.77; -0.34]
[-0.37; -0.10]
②標準的介⼊のリスク差,
効果推定値の下限に設定
38Wangge G et al: CMAJ. 2013 Feb 19;185(3):222-7.
P is betterS is better
PSεδ
51. 事例,リスク差の例数設計
» Our sample size calculation was based on the primary efficacy
endpoint, all-cause mortality in the ITT population from first
dose of study drug to day 42. Roughly 255 patients per
group were required for an 80% power to demonstrate that
the upper limit of the 95% CI for a treatment difference was
10% or less (prespecified non-inferiority margin for this
endpoint). This calculation was based on a one-sided, large-
sample, normal-approximation and non-inferiority test at a
2·5% significance level. A 20% mortality rate was assumed
for both drugs in the primary efficacy population.
51Maertens JA et al: Lancet. 2016 Feb 20;387(10020):760-9.
53. 事例,平均値差の例数設計
» We calculated the sample size for a one-sided Student’s t test
with a significance level of 2·5% and a power of 80% based
on the clinically determined non-inferiority margin for a
difference in BMI of 0·75 kg/m², assuming a SD of 1·45
(appendix). This procedure led to a required sample size of
60 patients per group. Assuming a drop-out rate of 30%,[ref]
we calculated a sample size of 85 patients per treatment
group.
53Herpertz-Dahlmann B et al: Lancet. 2014 Apr 5;383(9924):1222-9.