This document discusses various eye conditions that commonly present in the upper eyelid or superior region of the eye. It notes that capillary haemangioma most frequently presents in the upper eyelid. Plexiform neurofibromas typically cause an S-shaped deformity of the upper eyelid in neurofibromatosis type 1. Nodular squamous cell carcinoma commonly appears as a hard nodule within the upper tarsal plate. Laser iridotomy often targets a site under the upper eyelid between 11 and 1 o'clock. Several other conditions mentioned also have predilections for the superior or upper areas of the orbit.

1. ↑↑ ↑↑ ↑↑ !!
By
Ahmed Alsherbeny
MSc. Ophth , FICO , MRCSEd Ophth , FRCS Ophth (Glasg(

2. Upper

3. Capillary haemangioma , most frequently
presents in the upper eyelid

4. Plexiform neurofibromas typically present in
childhood as a manifestation of neurofibromatosis
type 1 with a characteristic S-shaped deformity
of the upper eyelid

5. Nodular SGC presents as a discrete,
hard nodule, most commonly within the
upper tarsal plate

6. Merkel cell carcinoma , A violaceous,
well-demarcated nodule with intact
overlying skin is seen, most frequently
involving the upper eyelid

7. Laser iridotomy, Many practitioners
target a site under the upper eyelid
between 11 and 1 o’clock

8. High

9. A refractive
error of more
than −6 dioptres
constitutes a
common definition
of high myopia,
in which axial
length is usually
greater than 26
mm

10. In choroidal neavus,
Ultrasonography shows a localized
flat or slightly elevated lesion with
high internal acoustic reflectivity

11. Superior

12. Nerves passing through superior orbital
fissure
Live Free To See No Insult At All
Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Superior division of 3rd nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Inferior division of 3rd nerve
Abducens nerve

13. Superior eye muscles (superior rectus &
superior oblique) are supplied by
conralateral nucleus

14. Temporal Lobe Lesions
Visual field defect consists of a
contralateral superior homonymous
quadrantanopia (‘pie in the sky’) because the
inferior fibres of the radiations

15. Oculomotor nerve
Superior division innervates the levator and
superior rectus muscles.

16. Marfan’s syndrome; Bilateral ectopia
lentis (80%); subluxation is most
frequently superotemporal. The zonule
is frequently intact so that
accommodation is retained

17. A superficial orbital dermoid cyst
presents in infancy with a painless
nodule, most commonly located in the
superotemporal and occasionally the
superonasal part of the orbit.

18. Rhabdomyosarcoma; The tumour is most commonly
superonasal or superior, but may arise anywhere in
the orbit, including inferiorly

19. Lattice is most commonly bilateral,
temporal and superior.

20. an acutely symptomatic RD should be operatively
repaired urgently, particularly if the macula is as yet
uninvolved. Other factors that may increase the urgency
of intervention include the presence of a superior or
large break, from which SRF is likely to spread more
rapidly, and advanced syneresis as in myopia

21. Lower nasal optic nerve fibres traverse the chiasm
inferiorly and anteriorly, hence the upper temporal
quadrants of both visual fields are affected first
by most expanding pituitary lesions, giving a
bitemporal superior quadrantanopia progressing to
the classic chiasmal visual field lesion, a
bitemporal hemianopia

22. Up

23. Upbeat nystagmus is a vertical nystagmus with the fast phase beating
upwards in all positions; causes include posterior fossa lesions, drugs
and Wernicke encephalopathy.

24. Hyper

25. Hypertelorism
in which there
is wide bony
separation of
the orbit

26. Type I : Spring catarrh
Type II : Cicatricial Pemphegoid
Type III : Steven Johnson Syndrome
Type IV : Phlycten
Hypersensetivity reactions in ophthalmology

27. Hypermetropia associated diseases
- AMD
- Leber’s congenital amaurosis
- Angle closure glaucoma
- Retinoschesis

28. Trabecular hyperpigmentation
PIGMENT
Pseudoexfoliation & Pigment dispersion syndrome
Iritis
Glaucoma (Post angle closure Glaucoma)
Melanosis of angle (oculodermal melanosis)
Endocrine (Diabetes & Addison’s Syndrome)
Naevus (Cogan-reese syndrome)
Trauma

29. Hyperchromia

30. Macro

31. Retinal artery macroaneurysm
localized dilatation of a retinal
arteriole; it has a predilection for
older hypertensive (75%) women.

32. Macropsia (increase in image size) is
due to crowding together of foveal
cones

33. Retinal macrovessel
This is an aberrant blood vessel, often larger than
normal and usually a vein, located in the posterior
pole; it may cross the fovea and horizontal raphe.
Areas of capillary non-perfusion and foveal cysts
may be seen. The anomaly is non-progressive and is
usually associated with good vision.

34. Thank You