This document contains summaries of various ophthalmic topics organized using an ABCD structure. Each section provides brief bullet points defining key terms related to drugs causing cataract, cryotherapy applications, treatments for neovascular glaucoma and uniocular diplopia, drugs causing nystagmus, treating Acanthamoeba keratitis, evaluating suspicious eyelid nevi, signs of congenital glaucoma, systemic associations of keratoconus, vortex keratopathy associations, and drugs to avoid in myasthenia gravis patients.

1. A, B, C, D, ….
By
Ahmed Alsherbeny
MD, CABOphth, MRCSEd Ophth, FRCS Ophth (Glasg), FICO

2. Drugs causing cataract
ABCD
Amiodarone
Busulfan
Chlorpromazine
Dexamethasone

3. Cryotherapy
" ABCD "
Adhesion (retinal breaks)
Blood vessels (PDR new vessels,
telangiectasia of Coat’s disease)
Ciliary body (cyclodestructive
procedures for glaucoma)
Cataract extraction (ICCE)
Destruction (lid and intraocular
tumors, trichiasis)

4. Neovascular Glaucoma ttt
ABCD
Atropine
B- blockers
Cidamex
Dexamethason

5. Uniocular diplopia
ABCD
Astigmatism
Behavioral: psychogenic
Cataract
Dislocated lens
/ iridoDialysis

6. Drugs causing nystagmus
ABCD
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Carbamezapine
Diazepam

7. Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis
A B C D E
• Aminoglycosides (neomycin)
• Biguanides (polyhexamethylene biguanide)
• Chlorhexidine
• Diamidines (Brolene)
• Econazole (Imidazoles)

8. Suspicious eyelid nevus
ABCDE
Asymmetry
Borders irregular
Color mottled
Diameter large
Enlargement over time

9. Signs of congenital glaucoma
A B C D D D E
Axial Myopia
Buphthalmos
Cloudy cornea
Descemet’s breaks (Haab’s stria)
Diameter of cornea enlarged
Disc cupping
Examination under GA

10. Systemic associations of keratoconus
ABCDEF
Atopy
Bones (osteogenesis imperfecta)
Crouzon’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Ehler’s Danlos syndrome
Fingers (Marfan’s)

11. Vortex Keratopathy associations
ABCDEF
Arthritis (diclofenac)
Breast Cancer (Tamoxifen)
Cardiac (amiodarone)
Dementia / Depression (Chlorpromazine)
Enzyme deficiency (see F)
Fabry's Disease “deficiency of the enzyme alpha galactosidase A”

12. Drugs to Avoid in MG
ABCD and P
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
Neuromuscular Blocker (curare, suxamethonium)
Chlorpromazine
Respiratory Depressants (morphine)
Procainamide
Penicillamine

13. Thank You