you will get knowledge about the ptosis, its different types, its examination, its measurement, its treatment in detail.
different eyelid muscles such as LPS, Orbicularis oculi and frontalis are also explained.
you will get knowledge about the ptosis, its different types, its examination, its measurement, its treatment in detail.
different eyelid muscles such as LPS, Orbicularis oculi and frontalis are also explained.
Ptosis is known as the drooping of the upper eyelid, and the patient usually presents with the complaint of the defect in vision and cosmesis. It can be congenital or acquired, or it can be neurogenic, myogenic, aponeurotic, mechanical, or traumatic in origin.
Ptosis: Clinical Anatomy, Diagnosis and Management Orangzeb Khatri
A descriptive and authentic ppt on lid anatomy, ptosis: its clinical evaluation and management taken from Yanoff, Kanski, and Oxford Ophthalmology. videos and photos are included. made from scratch, no slide is copied from any other ppt.
The lecture concern the eyelids and contain the following subjects and medical terms:
* Anatomy
* Congenital ptosis
* blepharophimosis
* *Epicanthus
* Ptosis syndrome
* amblyopia (Lazy eye)
* Strabismus and its types(Hypertropia, Hypotropia, Esotropia, Exotropia )
* The Fasanella-Servat procedure(video) for correcting upper ptosis
* levator resection(video) another procedure for correting ptosis
* Acquired ptosis and its ptosis
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
3. Ptosis (from Greek Ptosis -to "fall") is drooping or falling
of the upper eyelid below its normal position. "lazy eye"
4. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Primary muscle for lid elevation.
Supplied by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve.
Arises from the back of the orbit and extends forwards over the
cone of eye muscles.
Inserts into the eyelid and the tarsal plate, a fibrous semicircular
structure which gives the upper eyelid its shape.
10. Clincal Features
Dominent inheritance
Moderate to severe symmetrical ptosis
Short horizontal palpebral aperture
Telecanthus (lateral displacement of medial canthus)
Epicanthus inversus (lower lid fold larger than upper)
Poorly developed nasal bridge
and hypoplasia of superior orbital
rims
11. 4. Congenital synkinetic ptosis
(Marcus Gunn jaw winking ptosis).
In this condition there occurs retraction of the
ptotic lid with jaw movements i.e., with
stimulation of ipsilateral pterygoid muscle.
12. Usually unilateral
Types :
1. Neurogenic
Third nerve paralysis
Due to reduced sympathetic innervation (Horner
syndrome – ptosis, anhydrosis and miosis)
16. 3. Mysthenia Gravis
Signs – bilateral ptosis, increases by prolonged
fixation or attempt to look up , external
ophthalmoplegia – partial or complete
Conformation by edrophonium injection test
17. 1. Post Operative ptosis due to disinsertion of
Levator Palpebrae Superioris aponeurosis
from ant surface of tarsal plate.
2. Posttraumatic Dehiscence or Disinsertion
3. Involutional (snile) ptosis due to weakness.
Clincal sign
High fold with good Levator palpebrae superioris
function.
18. High upper lid crease Good levator function
Deep sulcusAbsent upper lid crease
Mild
Severe
19. Ptosis is caused by the gravitational effect
of a mass or by scarring
Tumour or inflammation weight down the lid
22. False impression of ptosis may be caused
by the following
1. Lack of support of the lids by the globe
may be due to an orbital volume deficit
associated with an artificial eye
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. 1. Diagnosis is based on
history
examination,
eye measurements,
clinical and laboratory tests and
imaging studies
2. Treatment
28. 1. Age of onset
2. Duration
3. One/both eye
4. Associated history
5. Diplopia
6. Dysphagia
7. Muscle weakness
8. Vision
9. Jaw movements
10.Abnormal ocular
movements
11.Abnormal head
posture
12.Previous history
13.Trauma
14.Poisoning
15.Bleeding tendency
16.Previous photographs
17.Family history
29. NORMAL POSITION OF EYELID
Usually 1-2mm below the limbus
Vertical Palpebral fissures are normally 9-12mm.
Check for
1. Unilateral or bilateral , Complete or incomplete
2. Ocular motility
3. Visual acuity
4. Pupillary examination
5. Chin elevation
31. Normal – 9-
10mm in
primary gaze
Seen in up gaze,
down gaze and
primary gaze
Amount of
ptosis =
difference in
palpebral
apertures in
unilateral ptosis
or Difference
from normal in
bilateral ptosis
32.
33.
34. MRD 2
The distance from the central pupillary light reflex to the lower
eyelid margin with the eye in primary gaze.
The MRD1 plus the MRD2 should equal the palpebral fissure
measurement
35. Lid excursion is a measure of the levator function. The
frontalis action is blocked by keeping the thumb tightly
over the upper brow and asking the patient to look up
from down gaze and measuring the amount of upper
lid excursion at the center of the lid.
36.
37. Is the distance from the
crease to lid margin
Normal – 8 to 10mm in
primary gaze
An absent lid crease is often
accompanied by poor levator
function.
If a lid crease is present but
is higher than normal and if
a deeper upper lid sulcus is
found on that side, note
these as signs of a levator
aponeurosis disinsertion.
38. Patients with Minimal
ptosis (2 mm or less)
2.5 or 10% phenylephrine
is instilled in the affected
eye or eyes
The patient is reexamined 5
minutes later.
The MRD1 is rechecked in
the affected and unaffected
eyes .
A rise in the MRDl of 1.5
mm or greater is
considered a positive
test. This indicates that
Müller's muscle is viable
39. Non Surgical
Surgical
Herrings Law
Muscles that elevate the eyelids get the same
innervation
The lid with minimal ptosis droops more following
the correction of greater ptotic side
Important for prediction of post op results
43. Surgical management depends upon the type of ptosis
and levator function
Indications
Complete ptosis
Chin up positioning
Severe ptosis causing amblyopia
Contraindications
Poor orbicularis muscle function
Loss of blink reflex
Corneal sensitivity
Keratitis sicca