This document discusses SPSS and types of errors associated with hypothesis testing. It describes how SPSS works, including starting the program, the interface, and steps for data entry and analysis. It then defines type 1 and type 2 errors in hypothesis testing. Type 1 errors occur when a null hypothesis is rejected when it is true, while type 2 errors occur when a null hypothesis is accepted when it is false.

1. SUBMITTED BY
SHAFEEK.S
SPSS AND TYPES OF ERRORS
ASSOSCIATED WITH HYPOTHESIS
TESTING

2. SPSS(STATISTICAL PACKAGES IN
SOCIAL SCIENCES)
Spss for windows is a relatively
comprehensive statistical analysis package
for use in Economics Business and Research.
The spss program is started in different ways
depending on the installation in computer.
The program is started from window by
simply double clicking on the appropriate
icon or choosing it from a menu of options.

3. • Icon is a small picture that represents an
object such as program.
 Once the program is finished ‘Loading’,the
screen will show
1. At the very top –”untitled_spssdatasettings”
2. Second line contains the words,’file’,’edit’
and so on. This is menu bar.
3. Third line contains a row of little pictures
known as ‘Tool bar’.
4. The remainder of the screen occupied by one
or more window entering data and
displaying output.

4. STEPS FOR APPLICATION OF SPSS
Data entry and naming variables.
Specifying the statistical analysis.
Examining and manipulating output.

5. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 ERRORS
In any test of hypothesis the decision is to accept
or to reject a null hypothesis.
The decision is based on the information supplied
by the sample data.
There are four possibilities of the decision are:-
1. Accepting a null hypothesis when it is true
2. Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is false
3. Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true
4. Accepting a null hypothesis when it is false.

6. Thus the cases 1,2 are correct and the
cases 3,4 are errors.
The last cases are respectively known as
type1 and type 2 errors.
Type 1 errors  rejecting H0 when H0 is
true.
Type 2 errors accepting H0 when H0 is
false.