Spinal cord diseases
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The spinal cord ends at the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra in adults. During fetal development, the spinal cord is initially as long as the vertebral column but becomes shorter as the column elongates faster than the cord after the third month. Diseases of the vertebrae are a common cause of spinal cord pathology in adults from fractures, infections, or secondary deposits. The spinal cord has 31 segments including 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral segments formed by fusion of vertebrae.
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Spinal cord diseases
- 2. 2 Where does the spinal cord end? Adult spinal cord - 45 cm long Originates at the medulla Ends at the conus medullaris www.medicinemcq.com
- 3. Fetal life 3 Until the third month of fetal life Spinal cord is as long as the vertebral canal After the third month of fetal life Vertebral column elongates faster than the spinal cord www.medicinemcq.com
- 4. Adults 4 Vertebral column is longer than the spinal cord Common cause of spinal cord disease Diseases of the vertebrae Fracture Infection Secondary deposits www.medicinemcq.com
- 11. Adults – L 1 11 Spinal cord ends at the lower level of first lumbar vertebral body Cervical enlargement Innervate the upper extremities Lumbar enlargement Innervate the lower limbs www.medicinemcq.com
- 12. Cauda equina (horse's tail) 12 Different growth rates of the cord and spine Vertebral column is longer than the cord Cord segments are above their corresponding vertebrae Lumbosacral region Nerve roots descend almost vertically below the cord to form the cauda equina www.medicinemcq.com
- 16. Spinal cord has 31 segments 16 8 cervical Only seven cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral Sacrum formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae Few small coccygeal www.medicinemcq.com
- 17. Each segment 17 Ventral (motor) root Exit from the vertebral column through intervertebral foramina Dorsal (sensory) root www.medicinemcq.com
- 19. Ventral (anterior) roots 19 Alpha motor neuron axons To the extrafusal striated muscle fibers Gamma motor neuron axons To the intrafusal muscle fibers www.medicinemcq.com
- 20. Dorsal (posterior) roots 20 Sensory Convey sensory information from the skin, joints, and muscles to the central nervous system www.medicinemcq.com
- 21. C1 to C7 spinal nerves 21 Exit above the same-numbered vertebral bodies C2 spinal nerve root exits above C2 vertebra C8 root Exits between vertebral bodies C7 and T1 All the subsequent spinal nerves exit below the same-numbered vertebral bodies. www.medicinemcq.com
- 23. SPINAL CORD LEVELS RELATIVE TO THE VERTEBRAL BODIES 23 Spinal Cord Level Upper cervical Lower cervical Upper thoracic Lower thoracic Lumbar Sacral Corresponding Vertebral Body Same as cord level 1 level higher 2 levels higher 2 to 3 levels higher T10-T12 T12-L1 www.medicinemcq.com
- 24. T4 SPINE 24 Level with the sixth CORD segment T12 S1cord segment www.medicinemcq.com
- 25. 25 Hallmark of spinal cord disease Loss of motor and sensory functions below the level of the lesion Loss of autonomic functions occurs below the level of the lesion Loss of urinary bladder tone Paralytic ileus www.medicinemcq.com
- 26. Horizontal level in the body 26 Sensory level Damage to the ascending spinothalamic tract Motor level (i.e., paraplegia or quadriplegia) Damage to the descending corticospinal and other motor tracts……….. For rest of the slides visit www.medicinemcq.com > Neurology www.medicinemcq.com