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10 nanosensors
Nanobiosensors use biological elements on the nanoscale to detect target analytes. They incorporate a biological recognition element connected to a transducer that converts the biological interaction into an electrical or optical signal. Common recognition elements include antibodies, DNA, enzymes and whole cells. Transduction methods include electrical techniques like field effect transistors and electrochemical methods, as well as optical techniques like fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance. Nanowire and magnetic nanoparticle-based sensors are examples explored in the document. Potential applications include disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and point-of-care testing.
BIOSENSOR FOR VIRUS DETECTION
Saurav Saha from the Centre for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology proposes developing a biosensor for virus detection using gold nanorods. The document outlines the components and working principle of biosensors, including how an analyte interacts with the biological component and transducer to create an electronic signal. It then describes synthesizing gold nanorods, forming a self-assembled monolayer on a glass substrate, and conjugating antibodies to functionalize the surface for antigen detection and characterization. The goal is to create a biosensor using graphene oxide decorated with gold nanorod-antibody conjugates to detect viruses.
7a mri
1. The document discusses various nanoparticles (NPs) and their applications in medical imaging techniques such as X-ray CT, PET, and MRI. Gold NPs and iron oxide NPs are highlighted.
2. For MRI, iron oxide NPs can act as contrast agents by enhancing the relaxation of water protons. Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs consisting of a magnetite or maghemite core coated with dextran or polymers are promising MRI contrast agents.
3. The formation methods of various NPs are described, including controlling size and coating to influence properties like plasma half-life. Cationic liposome coated magnetite NPs have also been investigated for their cell membrane interaction and uptake.
Autoradiography
Autoradiography is a bioanalytical technique used to visualize the distribution of radioactive substances in a biological sample. It involves placing a radioactive sample in contact with a photographic emulsion, which is then exposed over time. This allows the emulsion to capture the radioactive emissions and create an image showing where in the sample the radioactivity is located. Autoradiography provides high sensitivity and can be used to study the localization and movement of radioactive tracers in tissues, cells, and even biomolecules.
10 nanosensors
Nanobiosensors can detect biomolecules on the nano-scale using biological recognition elements connected to transducers. They utilize various types of bio-receptors like antibodies, enzymes, cells that interact with target analytes. This interaction is then converted to optical, electrical, mechanical or magnetic signals via transducers. Nanobiosensors have applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety testing and more. Some examples include nanowire field effect transistors to detect viruses, graphene oxide immunosensors for disease biomarkers, and magnetic nanoparticle sensors for bacteria.
Near infrared spectroscopy 2
This document discusses near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and its potential for detecting vulnerable plaque. It provides background on NIR spectroscopy and how it works. The document also compares NIR spectroscopy to infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. It describes previous research that has used NIR spectroscopy to detect plaque characteristics. The document concludes that while NIR spectroscopy shows promise for this application, more research funding is still needed to fully realize its potential.
Research seminar
This document describes a research project utilizing gold nanoparticles, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for influenza virus detection. The project involves three parts: 1) Stabilizing monoclonal antibody conjugation to gold nanoparticles by optimizing pH and antibody concentration. 2) Screening antibodies for specificity and affinity to influenza viruses using a DLS assay. 3) Developing a homogeneous SERS-based assay for multiplexed influenza virus detection. The goal is to create a fast, accurate, quantitative, multiplexed, and point-of-care detection method for influenza viruses.
Nanosensor networks with electromagnetic wireless communication
This document discusses nanosensor networks with electromagnetic wireless communication. It begins by introducing nanotechnology and nanosensors, which can detect chemicals, infectious agents, and other phenomena at the nanoscale. It then discusses how networks of nanosensors could expand detection capabilities by covering larger areas. The document outlines two main communication approaches for nanosensors - molecular communication and nano-electromagnetic communication - and focuses on the latter. It describes potential architectures for integrated nanosensor devices and classifications of physical, chemical, and biological nanosensors based on the phenomena they measure.
Recommended
10 nanosensors
Nanobiosensors use biological elements on the nanoscale to detect target analytes. They incorporate a biological recognition element connected to a transducer that converts the biological interaction into an electrical or optical signal. Common recognition elements include antibodies, DNA, enzymes and whole cells. Transduction methods include electrical techniques like field effect transistors and electrochemical methods, as well as optical techniques like fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance. Nanowire and magnetic nanoparticle-based sensors are examples explored in the document. Potential applications include disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and point-of-care testing.
BIOSENSOR FOR VIRUS DETECTION
Saurav Saha from the Centre for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology proposes developing a biosensor for virus detection using gold nanorods. The document outlines the components and working principle of biosensors, including how an analyte interacts with the biological component and transducer to create an electronic signal. It then describes synthesizing gold nanorods, forming a self-assembled monolayer on a glass substrate, and conjugating antibodies to functionalize the surface for antigen detection and characterization. The goal is to create a biosensor using graphene oxide decorated with gold nanorod-antibody conjugates to detect viruses.
7a mri
1. The document discusses various nanoparticles (NPs) and their applications in medical imaging techniques such as X-ray CT, PET, and MRI. Gold NPs and iron oxide NPs are highlighted.
2. For MRI, iron oxide NPs can act as contrast agents by enhancing the relaxation of water protons. Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs consisting of a magnetite or maghemite core coated with dextran or polymers are promising MRI contrast agents.
3. The formation methods of various NPs are described, including controlling size and coating to influence properties like plasma half-life. Cationic liposome coated magnetite NPs have also been investigated for their cell membrane interaction and uptake.
Autoradiography
Autoradiography is a bioanalytical technique used to visualize the distribution of radioactive substances in a biological sample. It involves placing a radioactive sample in contact with a photographic emulsion, which is then exposed over time. This allows the emulsion to capture the radioactive emissions and create an image showing where in the sample the radioactivity is located. Autoradiography provides high sensitivity and can be used to study the localization and movement of radioactive tracers in tissues, cells, and even biomolecules.
10 nanosensors
Nanobiosensors can detect biomolecules on the nano-scale using biological recognition elements connected to transducers. They utilize various types of bio-receptors like antibodies, enzymes, cells that interact with target analytes. This interaction is then converted to optical, electrical, mechanical or magnetic signals via transducers. Nanobiosensors have applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety testing and more. Some examples include nanowire field effect transistors to detect viruses, graphene oxide immunosensors for disease biomarkers, and magnetic nanoparticle sensors for bacteria.
Near infrared spectroscopy 2
This document discusses near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and its potential for detecting vulnerable plaque. It provides background on NIR spectroscopy and how it works. The document also compares NIR spectroscopy to infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. It describes previous research that has used NIR spectroscopy to detect plaque characteristics. The document concludes that while NIR spectroscopy shows promise for this application, more research funding is still needed to fully realize its potential.
Research seminar
This document describes a research project utilizing gold nanoparticles, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for influenza virus detection. The project involves three parts: 1) Stabilizing monoclonal antibody conjugation to gold nanoparticles by optimizing pH and antibody concentration. 2) Screening antibodies for specificity and affinity to influenza viruses using a DLS assay. 3) Developing a homogeneous SERS-based assay for multiplexed influenza virus detection. The goal is to create a fast, accurate, quantitative, multiplexed, and point-of-care detection method for influenza viruses.
Nanosensor networks with electromagnetic wireless communication
This document discusses nanosensor networks with electromagnetic wireless communication. It begins by introducing nanotechnology and nanosensors, which can detect chemicals, infectious agents, and other phenomena at the nanoscale. It then discusses how networks of nanosensors could expand detection capabilities by covering larger areas. The document outlines two main communication approaches for nanosensors - molecular communication and nano-electromagnetic communication - and focuses on the latter. It describes potential architectures for integrated nanosensor devices and classifications of physical, chemical, and biological nanosensors based on the phenomena they measure.
Fast-Switching Structural Color to Revolutionize Low-Power Displays
Unlike high-power consuming conventional displays that emit light, reflective displays or the so-called “electronic paper” use ambient light and consume much less energy.
They lack behind, however, in color range and switching speed. Thus, electronic paper technology has been used predominantly for ebook readers and labels that are less demanding of these features.
A group of English and Swedish scholars joined forces to overcome the setbacks. In research published in August 2021 in Advanced Materials, a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal, they introduced a structural color technology that successfully achieved favorable video speed and image quality.
The wide color spectrum in conventional displays results from the combination of red, green, and blue (RGB)-filtered subpixels. Under the leadership of Andreas Dahlin from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of the Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, the researchers explored the potential of structural colors to generate the RGB subpixels in reflective displays.
Conventional color is a result of the absorption of light. If an object appears red, it means a dye or pigment absorbs all other colors besides red. Structural color, however, results from the reflection of light from complex colorless nanostructures. Some examples in the natural world include butterflies’ wings and opals. Colors produced by chemical pigments remain unchanged regardless of the angle from which they are viewed. The colors produced by the multi-layered nanostructures, on the other hand, are iridescent; they appear different from different angles. Thus, making structural colors highly suitable for creating colored subpixels.
It is important to note that the team did not use the widely popular liquid crystals. Instead, they used a broadband-absorbing polarization-insensitive electrochromic polymer to sustain a high level of reflectivity.
The researchers started with thin alumina or aluminum films, on top of which they arranged nanoparticles and added an ultrathin gold coating. The created metamaterials boasted a large surface area and increased optical contrast. To regulate the brightness and visibility, the team finished with an opacity-changing conjugate polymer top coating.
Nanosensors basics, design and applications
This document discusses nanosensors, including their definition, types, and applications. It describes four main types of nanosensors: optical nanosensors, bio-nanosensors, chemical nanosensors, and physical nanosensors. Specific examples are given for each type, such as proximity sensors for optical nanosensors. Applications discussed include PEPPLES for intracellular sensing, a twin-action nanosensor that responds to both metal ions and temperature, and a multimodal nanosensor capable of detecting multiple electromagnetic characteristics.
Ohm pres
The document discusses the application of nanotechnology in biosensors. It begins by defining nanotechnology and biosensors. Nanoparticles are gaining interest in biosensing applications due to their size-dependent properties. Standard procedures for detection are time-consuming, non-specific, costly, and require trained personnel. Nanoparticles can be used to develop micro/nanobiosensors that are fast, inexpensive, simple to use, efficient, and portable. Various types of nanoparticles and detection techniques using nanoparticles like fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and potentiometric analysis are then described.
1504ACS-UCSD Murphy-Brown-Pradel Abstract 150304 mm wt
Nonlinear multi-photon laser wave-mixing detection coupled with capillary electrophoresis provides an ultrasensitive method for analyzing malachite green, crystal violet, and their metabolites. This method offers zepto-mole detection sensitivity, excellent chemical selectivity and specificity, and high spatial resolution suitable for single-cell analysis. A 266 nm UV laser probes analytes in their native form while a visible laser probes labeled analytes. Coupling with capillary electrophoresis further enhances chemical selectivity. This portable, battery-powered method is suitable for a wide range of biomedical and environmental applications.
Nano electronics- role of nanosensors, pdf file
This document discusses nanosensors and their roles and applications in nanoelectronics. It describes how nanosensors can convey information about nanoparticles and have various medical and other uses. Some key applications of nanosensors discussed are in computers to make processors more powerful, in energy production to create more efficient solar cells, and in medical diagnostics to detect biomolecules in real time. Nanosensors are also discussed as having potential uses in chemical sensing by detecting various gas molecules and in detecting single molecules using nano-cantilevers. The document outlines several approaches for producing nanosensors, including top-down lithography, bottom-up assembly of individual atoms/molecules, and self-assembly of starter molecules.
Workshop Biosensor Brief
This document discusses characterization techniques for biosensors. It describes biosensors and immunosensors, and techniques used to characterize surfaces, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure roughness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine composition and contamination, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for molecular fingerprinting and distribution. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are discussed for functionalizing surfaces. Microcantilevers are also described as biological sensors operating in static or dynamic mode.
Bacterial growth
Bacteria can grow and divide very rapidly, every 20 minutes for some species under ideal conditions, or as slowly as every 100 years for bacteria in deep underground environments. The generation time, or doubling time, is the amount of time it takes for the number of bacterial cells to double in a culture. Optical density measurements using spectrophotometry is a common way to indirectly measure bacterial growth and calculate doubling times by tracking increases in turbidity over time. Direct microscopic counting and viability assays that measure colony forming units are other methods to directly measure bacterial cell numbers.
172 nir spectroscopy
This document discusses the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyze atherosclerotic plaques. It provides definitions of NIR spectroscopy and describes how it allows chemical analysis of plaques. Studies are cited that have used NIR spectroscopy to detect plaque components like lipid pools, thin fibrous caps, and inflammatory cells. The document discusses both advantages and disadvantages of using NIR spectroscopy for in vivo chemical analysis of plaques. It concludes that NIR spectroscopy shows potential for identifying vulnerable plaques but questions remain about its ability to distinguish plaque types in living patients.
Carbon nanotubes as Biosensors
This project aims to functionalize carbon nanotube (CNT) films with antibodies to improve their biocompatibility for use as cell culture platforms and biomedical applications. CNT films will be prepared using layer-by-layer deposition with polyelectrolytes and functionalized with antibodies via covalent attachment or physical adsorption. The films will be characterized using Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electrochemical analysis. Cell culture studies will investigate the ability of antibody-modified CNT films to support cell adhesion and proliferation. Overall, the project seeks to develop novel electrically conducting biomaterials for applications such as tissue regeneration.
SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR
This document discusses semiconductor quantum dots for electrochemical biosensors. It describes how biomolecules like glucose oxidase, hemoglobin, and myoglobin can be attached to quantum dots, either through covalent or non-covalent bonding, for use in various biosensors. Specific examples of quantum dot-based biosensors are provided that use (1) glucose oxidase and CdS quantum dots for glucose detection, (2) hemoglobin and CdS quantum dots for hydrogen peroxide detection, and (3) myoglobin attached to CdTe quantum dots supported on mesoporous carbon foam for hydrogen peroxide detection. The quantum dots facilitate direct electron transfer between the biomolecules and the electrode surface in these biosensors.
Nanosensors
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
Synthesis of zn o nanoparticles and electrodeposition of polypyrrolezno nanoc...
It is a bio sensor based presentation, this presentation done by Alagu devi dpt of Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Alagappa University
transmission electron microscopy
The document provides an overview of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It discusses how TEM works, the various components of a TEM, sample preparation techniques including fixation, dehydration and embedding, and imaging modes such as negative staining and shadow casting. TEM allows visualization of structures at the nanoscale and provides greater magnification than light microscopy. Proper sample preparation is crucial to obtain high quality images.
Tecniche
The document discusses using magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia cancer therapy. It notes that resistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment. Mild hyperthermia between 42-45°C can induce apoptosis in cancer cells without damaging normal tissues. The document then describes a new type of nanoparticle called RA IN (resistance-free apoptosis-inducing nanoparticle) that aims to overcome resistance. The RA IN contains two subunits - one to inhibit heat shock proteins that protect cancer cells from heat-induced apoptosis, and another magnetic nanoparticle subunit to generate localized heat with an external magnetic field to kill cancer cells through apoptosis.
Nanosensors for medicines
Nanosensors can detect physical stimuli on the nanoscale and are being developed for use in medicines. Common nanosensor materials include porous silicon, nanoparticles, and nanowires. Porous silicon has a nanostructured surface that can absorb and emit light, making it useful for optical sensing applications. Colorimetric gold nanosensors can detect medicines by measuring changes in localized surface plasmon resonance signals as nanoparticles aggregate or bind ligands on their surface. Nanoprobes like PEBBLE sensors can detect chemicals inside single living cells. Nanowire sensors functionalized with molecules like aminopropyltriethoxysilane can detect pH changes electrically. These nanosensors show potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Nanosensors for trace explosive detection
This document outlines a nanosensor for detecting nitroaromatic explosives like TNT. It begins with an introduction to nanobiosensors and describes different types of nanosensors including optical, chemical, physical, and biological nanosensors. It then discusses various nanomaterials that can be used for explosive detection sensors, including carbon nanomaterials, metals, and nanoparticles. As an application, it describes a hybrid nanosensor that uses both the electrochemical reduction of TNT and interactions with a conducting polymer to detect TNT vapors sensitively and selectively. Remaining challenges include developing sensors that can effectively sample and detect explosives in various environments while discriminating against interferents.
DNA-biosensors lecture 5
This lecture discusses DNA biosensors and biochips. It explains the principles of DNA biosensors, including nucleic acid hybridization and how perfect matches result in stable double-stranded DNA while mismatches result in weak hybridization. It also describes the different forms of DNA biosensors, such as electrodes and chips, as well as types including optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric. Finally, it outlines several methods for immobilizing DNA probes onto transducer surfaces, such as simple adsorption onto carbon, covalent linkage to gold via functionalized monolayers, or using biotinylated DNA and an avidin or streptavidin surface.
DNA biosensors
DNA biosensors use the principles of nucleic acid hybridization and have different forms including electrodes, chips, and crystals. There are three main types - optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. DNA probes can be immobilized onto transducer surfaces through simple adsorption onto carbon, covalent linkage to gold via alkanethiol monolayers, or using biotinylated DNA and avidin/streptavidin complexes on surfaces. The immobilization method depends on the surface and involves covalent coupling or functional group interactions.
Electron beam technology
it describes about electron beam characteristics and applications and it outlines the following topics introduction, E-beam processing, E-beam equipment and applications.
Chemical analysis via NIR spectroscopy
This document discusses the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for chemical analysis of feeds and foods. NIRS allows rapid, non-destructive testing of multiple components at once. It is faster and cheaper than traditional wet chemistry methods. NIRS works by measuring how organic compounds absorb near-infrared light. Absorption data is used to build calibration models that can then predict nutrient content of new samples. NIRS is advantageous as it provides real-time, multi-component analysis without chemicals or waste.
fluroscence spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy involves using ultraviolet light to excite electrons in molecules, causing them to emit visible light. The emitted light has a longer wavelength than the absorbed light. Fluorimeters are used to measure fluorescence, exciting samples at an absorption wavelength and measuring emission at a longer fluorescence wavelength. Fluorescence spectroscopy is useful for applications like determining fluorescent drugs in formulations, carrying out limit tests for fluorescent impurities, and studying drug-protein binding in bioanalysis.
Uv spectroscopy (Collected)
This document provides an overview of UV spectroscopy. It begins by discussing electronic transitions and the UV/visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. It then describes the spectroscopic process where samples are irradiated with UV light and an absorption spectrum is obtained. Selection rules and factors leading to band structure rather than discrete peaks are also covered. The document discusses UV instrumentation and sample handling considerations. It concludes by explaining Beer's Law and how absorbance is related to path length, concentration, and molar absorptivity.
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Fast-Switching Structural Color to Revolutionize Low-Power Displays
Unlike high-power consuming conventional displays that emit light, reflective displays or the so-called “electronic paper” use ambient light and consume much less energy.
They lack behind, however, in color range and switching speed. Thus, electronic paper technology has been used predominantly for ebook readers and labels that are less demanding of these features.
A group of English and Swedish scholars joined forces to overcome the setbacks. In research published in August 2021 in Advanced Materials, a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal, they introduced a structural color technology that successfully achieved favorable video speed and image quality.
The wide color spectrum in conventional displays results from the combination of red, green, and blue (RGB)-filtered subpixels. Under the leadership of Andreas Dahlin from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of the Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, the researchers explored the potential of structural colors to generate the RGB subpixels in reflective displays.
Conventional color is a result of the absorption of light. If an object appears red, it means a dye or pigment absorbs all other colors besides red. Structural color, however, results from the reflection of light from complex colorless nanostructures. Some examples in the natural world include butterflies’ wings and opals. Colors produced by chemical pigments remain unchanged regardless of the angle from which they are viewed. The colors produced by the multi-layered nanostructures, on the other hand, are iridescent; they appear different from different angles. Thus, making structural colors highly suitable for creating colored subpixels.
It is important to note that the team did not use the widely popular liquid crystals. Instead, they used a broadband-absorbing polarization-insensitive electrochromic polymer to sustain a high level of reflectivity.
The researchers started with thin alumina or aluminum films, on top of which they arranged nanoparticles and added an ultrathin gold coating. The created metamaterials boasted a large surface area and increased optical contrast. To regulate the brightness and visibility, the team finished with an opacity-changing conjugate polymer top coating.
Nanosensors basics, design and applications
This document discusses nanosensors, including their definition, types, and applications. It describes four main types of nanosensors: optical nanosensors, bio-nanosensors, chemical nanosensors, and physical nanosensors. Specific examples are given for each type, such as proximity sensors for optical nanosensors. Applications discussed include PEPPLES for intracellular sensing, a twin-action nanosensor that responds to both metal ions and temperature, and a multimodal nanosensor capable of detecting multiple electromagnetic characteristics.
Ohm pres
The document discusses the application of nanotechnology in biosensors. It begins by defining nanotechnology and biosensors. Nanoparticles are gaining interest in biosensing applications due to their size-dependent properties. Standard procedures for detection are time-consuming, non-specific, costly, and require trained personnel. Nanoparticles can be used to develop micro/nanobiosensors that are fast, inexpensive, simple to use, efficient, and portable. Various types of nanoparticles and detection techniques using nanoparticles like fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and potentiometric analysis are then described.
1504ACS-UCSD Murphy-Brown-Pradel Abstract 150304 mm wt
Nonlinear multi-photon laser wave-mixing detection coupled with capillary electrophoresis provides an ultrasensitive method for analyzing malachite green, crystal violet, and their metabolites. This method offers zepto-mole detection sensitivity, excellent chemical selectivity and specificity, and high spatial resolution suitable for single-cell analysis. A 266 nm UV laser probes analytes in their native form while a visible laser probes labeled analytes. Coupling with capillary electrophoresis further enhances chemical selectivity. This portable, battery-powered method is suitable for a wide range of biomedical and environmental applications.
Nano electronics- role of nanosensors, pdf file
This document discusses nanosensors and their roles and applications in nanoelectronics. It describes how nanosensors can convey information about nanoparticles and have various medical and other uses. Some key applications of nanosensors discussed are in computers to make processors more powerful, in energy production to create more efficient solar cells, and in medical diagnostics to detect biomolecules in real time. Nanosensors are also discussed as having potential uses in chemical sensing by detecting various gas molecules and in detecting single molecules using nano-cantilevers. The document outlines several approaches for producing nanosensors, including top-down lithography, bottom-up assembly of individual atoms/molecules, and self-assembly of starter molecules.
Workshop Biosensor Brief
This document discusses characterization techniques for biosensors. It describes biosensors and immunosensors, and techniques used to characterize surfaces, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure roughness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine composition and contamination, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for molecular fingerprinting and distribution. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are discussed for functionalizing surfaces. Microcantilevers are also described as biological sensors operating in static or dynamic mode.
Bacterial growth
Bacteria can grow and divide very rapidly, every 20 minutes for some species under ideal conditions, or as slowly as every 100 years for bacteria in deep underground environments. The generation time, or doubling time, is the amount of time it takes for the number of bacterial cells to double in a culture. Optical density measurements using spectrophotometry is a common way to indirectly measure bacterial growth and calculate doubling times by tracking increases in turbidity over time. Direct microscopic counting and viability assays that measure colony forming units are other methods to directly measure bacterial cell numbers.
172 nir spectroscopy
This document discusses the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyze atherosclerotic plaques. It provides definitions of NIR spectroscopy and describes how it allows chemical analysis of plaques. Studies are cited that have used NIR spectroscopy to detect plaque components like lipid pools, thin fibrous caps, and inflammatory cells. The document discusses both advantages and disadvantages of using NIR spectroscopy for in vivo chemical analysis of plaques. It concludes that NIR spectroscopy shows potential for identifying vulnerable plaques but questions remain about its ability to distinguish plaque types in living patients.
Carbon nanotubes as Biosensors
This project aims to functionalize carbon nanotube (CNT) films with antibodies to improve their biocompatibility for use as cell culture platforms and biomedical applications. CNT films will be prepared using layer-by-layer deposition with polyelectrolytes and functionalized with antibodies via covalent attachment or physical adsorption. The films will be characterized using Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electrochemical analysis. Cell culture studies will investigate the ability of antibody-modified CNT films to support cell adhesion and proliferation. Overall, the project seeks to develop novel electrically conducting biomaterials for applications such as tissue regeneration.
SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR
This document discusses semiconductor quantum dots for electrochemical biosensors. It describes how biomolecules like glucose oxidase, hemoglobin, and myoglobin can be attached to quantum dots, either through covalent or non-covalent bonding, for use in various biosensors. Specific examples of quantum dot-based biosensors are provided that use (1) glucose oxidase and CdS quantum dots for glucose detection, (2) hemoglobin and CdS quantum dots for hydrogen peroxide detection, and (3) myoglobin attached to CdTe quantum dots supported on mesoporous carbon foam for hydrogen peroxide detection. The quantum dots facilitate direct electron transfer between the biomolecules and the electrode surface in these biosensors.
Nanosensors
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
Synthesis of zn o nanoparticles and electrodeposition of polypyrrolezno nanoc...
It is a bio sensor based presentation, this presentation done by Alagu devi dpt of Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Alagappa University
transmission electron microscopy
The document provides an overview of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It discusses how TEM works, the various components of a TEM, sample preparation techniques including fixation, dehydration and embedding, and imaging modes such as negative staining and shadow casting. TEM allows visualization of structures at the nanoscale and provides greater magnification than light microscopy. Proper sample preparation is crucial to obtain high quality images.
Tecniche
The document discusses using magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia cancer therapy. It notes that resistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment. Mild hyperthermia between 42-45°C can induce apoptosis in cancer cells without damaging normal tissues. The document then describes a new type of nanoparticle called RA IN (resistance-free apoptosis-inducing nanoparticle) that aims to overcome resistance. The RA IN contains two subunits - one to inhibit heat shock proteins that protect cancer cells from heat-induced apoptosis, and another magnetic nanoparticle subunit to generate localized heat with an external magnetic field to kill cancer cells through apoptosis.
Nanosensors for medicines
Nanosensors can detect physical stimuli on the nanoscale and are being developed for use in medicines. Common nanosensor materials include porous silicon, nanoparticles, and nanowires. Porous silicon has a nanostructured surface that can absorb and emit light, making it useful for optical sensing applications. Colorimetric gold nanosensors can detect medicines by measuring changes in localized surface plasmon resonance signals as nanoparticles aggregate or bind ligands on their surface. Nanoprobes like PEBBLE sensors can detect chemicals inside single living cells. Nanowire sensors functionalized with molecules like aminopropyltriethoxysilane can detect pH changes electrically. These nanosensors show potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Nanosensors for trace explosive detection
This document outlines a nanosensor for detecting nitroaromatic explosives like TNT. It begins with an introduction to nanobiosensors and describes different types of nanosensors including optical, chemical, physical, and biological nanosensors. It then discusses various nanomaterials that can be used for explosive detection sensors, including carbon nanomaterials, metals, and nanoparticles. As an application, it describes a hybrid nanosensor that uses both the electrochemical reduction of TNT and interactions with a conducting polymer to detect TNT vapors sensitively and selectively. Remaining challenges include developing sensors that can effectively sample and detect explosives in various environments while discriminating against interferents.
DNA-biosensors lecture 5
This lecture discusses DNA biosensors and biochips. It explains the principles of DNA biosensors, including nucleic acid hybridization and how perfect matches result in stable double-stranded DNA while mismatches result in weak hybridization. It also describes the different forms of DNA biosensors, such as electrodes and chips, as well as types including optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric. Finally, it outlines several methods for immobilizing DNA probes onto transducer surfaces, such as simple adsorption onto carbon, covalent linkage to gold via functionalized monolayers, or using biotinylated DNA and an avidin or streptavidin surface.
DNA biosensors
DNA biosensors use the principles of nucleic acid hybridization and have different forms including electrodes, chips, and crystals. There are three main types - optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. DNA probes can be immobilized onto transducer surfaces through simple adsorption onto carbon, covalent linkage to gold via alkanethiol monolayers, or using biotinylated DNA and avidin/streptavidin complexes on surfaces. The immobilization method depends on the surface and involves covalent coupling or functional group interactions.
Electron beam technology
it describes about electron beam characteristics and applications and it outlines the following topics introduction, E-beam processing, E-beam equipment and applications.
Chemical analysis via NIR spectroscopy
This document discusses the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for chemical analysis of feeds and foods. NIRS allows rapid, non-destructive testing of multiple components at once. It is faster and cheaper than traditional wet chemistry methods. NIRS works by measuring how organic compounds absorb near-infrared light. Absorption data is used to build calibration models that can then predict nutrient content of new samples. NIRS is advantageous as it provides real-time, multi-component analysis without chemicals or waste.
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Fast-Switching Structural Color to Revolutionize Low-Power Displays
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1504ACS-UCSD Murphy-Brown-Pradel Abstract 150304 mm wt
1504ACS-UCSD Murphy-Brown-Pradel Abstract 150304 mm wt
SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR
SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR
Synthesis of zn o nanoparticles and electrodeposition of polypyrrolezno nanoc...
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fluroscence spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy involves using ultraviolet light to excite electrons in molecules, causing them to emit visible light. The emitted light has a longer wavelength than the absorbed light. Fluorimeters are used to measure fluorescence, exciting samples at an absorption wavelength and measuring emission at a longer fluorescence wavelength. Fluorescence spectroscopy is useful for applications like determining fluorescent drugs in formulations, carrying out limit tests for fluorescent impurities, and studying drug-protein binding in bioanalysis.
Uv spectroscopy (Collected)
This document provides an overview of UV spectroscopy. It begins by discussing electronic transitions and the UV/visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. It then describes the spectroscopic process where samples are irradiated with UV light and an absorption spectrum is obtained. Selection rules and factors leading to band structure rather than discrete peaks are also covered. The document discusses UV instrumentation and sample handling considerations. It concludes by explaining Beer's Law and how absorbance is related to path length, concentration, and molar absorptivity.
Circular dichroism spectroscopy seminar ppt
Circular dichroism spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light by chiral molecules. When light passes through an optically active substance, the left and right circular polarizations are absorbed to different extents. A CD spectrometer contains a light source, monochromator, polarizer, photoelastic modulator and detector. It measures the CD signal as a function of wavelength, providing information about secondary structure of proteins and nucleic acids. CD spectroscopy requires minimal sample amounts and can quickly analyze secondary structure without crystallization. It is useful for studying protein folding, ligand binding and environmental effects on structure.
Fluorimetry
The document discusses fluorescence spectroscopy. It defines fluorescence as emission of light that occurs when a substance absorbs light and returns to its ground state, emitting photons. Factors that affect fluorescence include the molecular structure, substituents, concentration, pH, temperature, and viscosity. Instrumentation for fluorescence spectroscopy includes a light source, filters, sample cells, and detectors such as photomultiplier tubes. Applications of fluorescence spectroscopy include determination of inorganic substances, use as fluorescent indicators, pharmaceutical analysis, and liquid chromatography.
Introduction To Spectroscopy
1. Infrared spectroscopy analyzes molecular vibrations and rotations that occur when molecules absorb infrared radiation.
2. Different types of molecular vibrations like stretching and bending occur at characteristic frequencies that can identify functional groups and molecular structure.
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- 1. SPECTROSCOPY Presented by: Ms. V. REVATHI AMBIKA, Lecturer in Physics
- 3. SPECTROSCOP Y Color can be related to spectroscopy. It is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. It is the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelenth or frequency.
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- 14. TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM) It is a microscopy technique, A beam of electrons is transmitted, An image is formed from the interaction, The image is magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as: a fluorescent screen, on a layer of photographic film, or to be detected by a sensor such as a CCD camera.
- 15. TOXICITY
- 16. HEAVY METAL - INTRODUCTION
- 17. PROPERTIES OF HEAVY METALS
- 18. • Study of the toxicity of nanomaterials. • Quantum size effects and large surface area to volume ratio, nanomaterials have unique properties compared with their larger counterparts. • Nanomaterials, even when made of inert elements like gold, become highly active at nanometer dimensions. • Sub-specialty of particle toxicology. • Nanoparticles (particles <100 nm diameter) which appear to have toxicity effects that are unusual and not seen with larger particles.
- 19. • It is the process in which GERMINATION a plant or fungus emerges from a seed or spore, respectively, and begins growth. • The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm.
- 20. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND SEED GERMINATION Water, Light, Temperature, Oxygen, Smoke
- 21. SEED GERMINATION
- 22. FACTORS AFFECTING SEED GERMINATION • Various plants require different variables • It depends on the individual seed variety • It is closely linked to the ecological conditions of a plant's natural habitat. • Future germination is affected by environmental conditions during seed formation; most often these responses are types of seed dormancy.
- 23. EDIBLE PLANTS
- 24. EDIBLE PLANTS PROTEIN STUDY • Plants are one of the major sources of proteins. Potentially, plants provide a cheap source of industrial enzymes, and biopharmaceuticals. • Proteins have considerable technological importance since they affect the stability and sensory quality of plant foods. • Research on bioactive peptide/proteins has been increasing including work on the development of pathogen resistant and antimicrobial compounds • The plants Arum maculatum, Portulaca oleracia Semicarpus anacardium, Carissa karandus, Cordia myxa, Solanum indicum and Chlorophytum comosum are widely available in the wild in many regions of Iran. These are consumed as fruits and vegetables.
- 25. EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON SEED GERMINATION Light can promote or inhibit germination. Sensitivity to light is important to seed banks and other ecological responses, providing a mechanism for optimal timing of seedling establishment. The photoreceptor for most types of seed responses is phytochrome
- 26. HIGH PROTEIN IN NUTS & SEEDS Peanut butter, 2 Tablespoons - 8 grams protein Almonds, ¼ cup – 8 grams Peanuts, ¼ cup – 9 grams Cashews, ¼ cup – 5 grams Pecans, ¼ cup – 2.5 grams Sunflower seeds, ¼ cup – 6 grams Pumpkin seeds, ¼ cup – 8 grams seeds – ¼ cup – 8 gram
- 28. Heavy metal contamination of soils is the major global environmental problem. It has increased considerably in last several years and a part is responsible for limiting the crop production.
- 29. Essential (Co and Ni) and non-essential (Pb, Cd and Cr). Cd and Pb are considered as the most toxic metals. Plants are affected by the increasing levels of these metals in the soil environment.
- 30. OUR AIM The aim of this present study is to assess the tolerance of pollutant elements (Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb) on visible foliar symptoms, tissue concentration and some biochemical parameters in sunflower or groundnut plants.