Space Rocks
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Asteroids and comets pose a collision risk to Earth that could cause widespread devastation. Astronomers monitor near-earth asteroids to watch for potential threats. While asteroids orbit mainly between Mars and Jupiter, some come close to Earth and collisions have occurred in the past, including one event 66 million years ago that may have contributed to the extinction of dinosaurs. Monitoring asteroids is important for planetary defense.
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Asteroids
Asteroids are small rocky or metallic bodies that orbit the sun and range in size from meters to over 500 km wide. They are found predominantly in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres is the largest asteroid at 940 km in diameter. Asteroids are classified according to their composition, with C-type asteroids being the most common at 75% and consisting of carbon and dust. It is believed that an asteroid impact was responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors
Asteroids are rocky fragments that orbit the sun in ellipses, with the largest being Ceres. They are located mainly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are small icy bodies that have highly elliptical orbits, originating from the Oort Cloud beyond Pluto. They develop a coma and tail when near the sun due to sublimating ice. Famous comets include Halley's Comet which returns every 76 years and Comet Hale-Bopp which returns every 5-10 years. Meteoroids are small rocky bodies that burn up as meteors in Earth's atmosphere, with some remnants surviving as meteorites on the ground.
Comets, asteroids & meteors
Comets and asteroids are remnants from the formation of the solar system. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud and are icy bodies, while asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt and are rocky fragments. Both have irregular shapes and sizes ranging from 1-100 km. Comets have highly elliptical orbits with periods of 75 years to millions of years, while asteroids have more rounded orbits with periods of 1-100 years. When a meteoroid from space enters the atmosphere, it becomes a meteor or "shooting star"; any fragments that reach the ground are called meteorites.
Star Powerpoint
Stars are formed from clouds of dust and gas collapsing under gravity. They spend most of their life fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores, glowing from the heat and pressure of nuclear fusion. When stars run out of fuel to burn in their cores, they die - smaller stars may become white dwarfs, while larger stars explode as supernovae. The material from exploded stars then disperses to form new dust clouds, starting the next generation of star formation.
Constellations
1) On a clear night, the unaided human eye can see about 6,000 stars, though light pollution limits this to a few hundred in urban/suburban areas.
2) Constellations originally referred to patterns of the brightest stars representing mythological figures, though today they are defined regions of the sky regardless of star brightness.
3) The apparent motion of stars is caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis and revolution around the Sun, making some stars appear to rise and set daily or be visible only seasonally.
Moon Phases
The Moon orbits Earth and reflects sunlight, which causes its phases to appear to change over the course of a lunar month as the illuminated portion changes from new to full and back to new. The Moon's gravitational pull, combined with the Sun's, causes two high and two low ocean tides each day. The greatest difference between high and low tides occurs during full Moons and new Moons, when their combined gravitational pulls reinforce each other.
Comets
The document discusses comets and provides key information about their composition, structure, and orbits. It notes that comets are mostly made up of ice and dust, forming tails when close to the sun. Comets can have either long or short orbital periods, with long-period comets originating from the distant Oort Cloud and short-period comets from the Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune. The nucleus and coma are identified as the main parts of a comet. Famous comets mentioned include Halley's Comet and Comets Hale-Bopp and Hyakutake.
Meteor, meteoroid and meteorites
This document discusses meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites. It begins by asking readers if they have seen a shooting star and clarifying that a shooting star is actually a meteor. It then defines meteoroids as broken up rocks and dust from comets, asteroids, the Moon or Mars. When meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it heats up and burns, creating a meteor. Any fragment that survives this entry and reaches the ground is called a meteorite. The document differentiates these terms and shows where meteoroid, meteor and meteorite would be located. It includes a daily checkup quiz and assignment to research superstitious beliefs about space objects.
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Asteroids
Asteroids are small rocky or metallic bodies that orbit the sun and range in size from meters to over 500 km wide. They are found predominantly in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres is the largest asteroid at 940 km in diameter. Asteroids are classified according to their composition, with C-type asteroids being the most common at 75% and consisting of carbon and dust. It is believed that an asteroid impact was responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors
Asteroids are rocky fragments that orbit the sun in ellipses, with the largest being Ceres. They are located mainly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are small icy bodies that have highly elliptical orbits, originating from the Oort Cloud beyond Pluto. They develop a coma and tail when near the sun due to sublimating ice. Famous comets include Halley's Comet which returns every 76 years and Comet Hale-Bopp which returns every 5-10 years. Meteoroids are small rocky bodies that burn up as meteors in Earth's atmosphere, with some remnants surviving as meteorites on the ground.
Comets, asteroids & meteors
Comets and asteroids are remnants from the formation of the solar system. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud and are icy bodies, while asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt and are rocky fragments. Both have irregular shapes and sizes ranging from 1-100 km. Comets have highly elliptical orbits with periods of 75 years to millions of years, while asteroids have more rounded orbits with periods of 1-100 years. When a meteoroid from space enters the atmosphere, it becomes a meteor or "shooting star"; any fragments that reach the ground are called meteorites.
Star Powerpoint
Stars are formed from clouds of dust and gas collapsing under gravity. They spend most of their life fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores, glowing from the heat and pressure of nuclear fusion. When stars run out of fuel to burn in their cores, they die - smaller stars may become white dwarfs, while larger stars explode as supernovae. The material from exploded stars then disperses to form new dust clouds, starting the next generation of star formation.
Constellations
1) On a clear night, the unaided human eye can see about 6,000 stars, though light pollution limits this to a few hundred in urban/suburban areas.
2) Constellations originally referred to patterns of the brightest stars representing mythological figures, though today they are defined regions of the sky regardless of star brightness.
3) The apparent motion of stars is caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis and revolution around the Sun, making some stars appear to rise and set daily or be visible only seasonally.
Moon Phases
The Moon orbits Earth and reflects sunlight, which causes its phases to appear to change over the course of a lunar month as the illuminated portion changes from new to full and back to new. The Moon's gravitational pull, combined with the Sun's, causes two high and two low ocean tides each day. The greatest difference between high and low tides occurs during full Moons and new Moons, when their combined gravitational pulls reinforce each other.
Comets
The document discusses comets and provides key information about their composition, structure, and orbits. It notes that comets are mostly made up of ice and dust, forming tails when close to the sun. Comets can have either long or short orbital periods, with long-period comets originating from the distant Oort Cloud and short-period comets from the Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune. The nucleus and coma are identified as the main parts of a comet. Famous comets mentioned include Halley's Comet and Comets Hale-Bopp and Hyakutake.
Meteor, meteoroid and meteorites
This document discusses meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites. It begins by asking readers if they have seen a shooting star and clarifying that a shooting star is actually a meteor. It then defines meteoroids as broken up rocks and dust from comets, asteroids, the Moon or Mars. When meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it heats up and burns, creating a meteor. Any fragment that survives this entry and reaches the ground is called a meteorite. The document differentiates these terms and shows where meteoroid, meteor and meteorite would be located. It includes a daily checkup quiz and assignment to research superstitious beliefs about space objects.
Comets, asteroids, and meteors
This document summarizes the key differences between comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud, are composed of ice and frozen gases, and have highly elliptical orbits. Asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter, are composed of silicates and metals, and have more rounded orbits. Meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere and become meteors as they burn up, with fragments that survive impact becoming meteorites. Studying the composition of comets, asteroids, and meteorites provides clues about the early solar system and impacts that affected Earth.
Constellation
Constellations are groupings of stars that appear to form patterns in the night sky. Ancient cultures like the Babylonians and Greeks studied constellations and used them to mark seasons and in their myths and religions. Today, 88 constellations are recognized by astronomers, including Ursa Major, Orion, and Scorpius. Certain constellations like Ursa Major can be seen all year from any location in the northern hemisphere and are called circumpolar, while others like Orion are only visible during certain seasons.
Earthquake waves and types of faults caused by earthquake
unstable movement of ground is known as earthquake . Earthquake is transferred by waves known as Primary waves and secondary waves.
Effect of earthquake includes faults. There are three types of faults caused by earthquake .
Comets
This document discusses comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets are dirty balls of ice that develop tails when passing near the sun. Asteroids are large chunks of rock and metal that orbit the sun. When asteroids and comet fragments enter Earth's atmosphere, they are called meteoroids. Most burn up and are seen as meteors, also known as shooting stars. If fragments survive entry and reach the ground, they are called meteorites. Large impacts from asteroids or comets in the past have created craters and possibly contributed to mass extinctions like the dinosaurs.
The Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It has no atmosphere and its surface is marked by craters and dust. The same side always faces Earth. The Moon's diameter is about one quarter that of Earth and it has lower gravity and density than Earth. Temperatures vary greatly from 130°C during the day to -110°C at night. Large flat plains called maria cover parts of the near side, formed by ancient lava flows. Craters and long valleys called rilles are also features of its surface. The Moon orbits Earth about every 27 days in a cycle linked to eclipses.
Asteroids - Comets - Meteoroids
Asteroids, comets, and meteoroids are small rocky or icy bodies that orbit the sun. Thousands of asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are remnants of early planet formation. Comets are composed of ice and dust and have highly elliptical orbits, forming tails as they near the sun due to heating. When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere, they burn up and are seen as meteors or shooting stars. Those that survive are called meteorites and sometimes leave impact craters. Analysis of meteorites provides clues about early solar system formation and even the origin of life.
Meteors, Comets, and Asteroids
Comets are icy, dusty objects that orbit the Sun. They are composed of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. When a comet approaches the Sun, its ice warms and sublimates into gas, forming a coma - a fuzzy cloud around the comet. Solar wind and radiation pressure cause the coma to form two tails - a blue ion tail and a white dust tail. Comets can be short-period or long-period depending on the shape and size of their orbits.
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This document discusses constellations from both a mythological and scientific perspective. It begins by defining constellations as groups of stars that appear to form patterns from Earth's point of view, though the stars are not physically close. Many constellations derive from figures in Greek mythology. The document then discusses how the night sky appears different depending on one's location and viewpoint. It concludes by noting that while constellations were meaningful for ancient cultures, modern astrophysics has revealed stars to be just a small part of a much larger universe.
Characteristics of Stars
Stars are giant balls of gas, mostly hydrogen, that undergo nuclear fusion. They vary in characteristics like color, temperature, size, brightness, and chemical composition. Color depends on temperature, from red stars at around 2000°C up to blue stars at over 50,000°C. Distance is measured in lightyears, with nearby stars like Sirius being 8.5 lightyears away and more distant stars hundreds or thousands of lightyears. The magnitude scale classifies brightness, with first magnitude stars being the brightest. Spectroscopes are used to analyze a star's spectrum and reveal details about its composition.
Other members of solar system
Asteroids occupy the large gap between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are small bodies that orbit the sun in elongated orbits and have tails. Halley's Comet appears every 76 years. Meteors are small objects that burn up when entering Earth's atmosphere, appearing as shooting stars. Meteor showers occur when Earth passes through comet debris. Some large meteors survive entry and are called meteorites. Satellites are natural or artificial objects that orbit Earth or other planets. Artificial satellites have practical applications like weather forecasting and telecommunications.
Types of stars
This document describes different stages and types of stars:
- Main sequence stars like our Sun spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- Red giants are large, reddish stars that have exhausted hydrogen fusion and begun fusing helium.
- Planetary nebulae form when average-sized stars eject their outer layers after becoming red giants, leaving behind dense, hot cores called white dwarfs.
- Brown dwarfs are failed stars too small to sustain nuclear fusion.
- Variable stars change in brightness over timescales from seconds to years as they evolve.
- Binary stars are two gravitationally bound stars that orbit a common center of mass.
Elements and Atoms
- Matter is made of atoms, which are the building blocks of all matter. Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the center nucleus, and electrons orbit the nucleus.
- Elements are the basic substances that atoms are made of. All elements are made up of the same parts - protons, neutrons, and electrons. The periodic table lists all known elements. It provides information like each element's symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.
- There are two common models for representing atoms - the Bohr model, which shows all subatomic particles, and the Lewis dot structure, which shows only the outermost shell of electrons. These models can be used to
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The document discusses the periodic table of elements created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. It organizes all known elements based on their atomic structure and chemical properties. Key terms defined include atomic number, symbol, atomic weight, protons, electrons, neutrons, metals, non-metals, metalloids, periods, families, and properties of common element groups such as alkali metals, halogens and noble gases. The periodic table arranges elements horizontally by atomic number and vertically into families with similar traits.
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This is a PowerPoint presentation about the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models
Stars
It is a slide showing the general information as well as some interesting information about stars that a student needs for his school.
Earthquakes and Fault Grade 8
Earthquakes occur along fault lines where the earth's crust has cracked, forming weak spots. There are two main types of earthquakes - tectonic earthquakes caused by movement of tectonic plates, and volcanic earthquakes caused by volcanic activity. Faults are classified based on the movement under the crust, such as dip-slip, strike-slip, and oblique-slip faults. Active faults are those likely to produce future earthquakes, as movement has occurred within the past 10,000 years, such as the Philippine West Valley Fault Line and Philippine Fault.
Solar System
1) The ancient Greek philosopher Ptolemy devised the geocentric model which placed Earth at the center of the solar system. This view was supported by the Catholic Church.
2) The document outlines four arguments used to support the geocentric model and explains why each is flawed. It also discusses Ptolemy's model remaining unchallenged for 14 centuries.
3) Nicolaus Copernicus later proposed the heliocentric model which correctly placed the Sun at the center. This was initially opposed by the Catholic Church but gained support through evidence from seasons, Galileo's telescope observations, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and Newton's theory of gravity.
Comets, Asteriods, and Meteors
Recent advances in space technology have allowed scientists from different fields to collaborate on studying Near-Earth Objects like comets and asteroids. Both comets and asteroids provide clues about the origins of our solar system. Several asteroids have been discovered to come close to Earth in recent years, including Asteroid 2012 DA14 which had a very close approach in February 2012. Impacts from asteroids and comets have affected Earth in the past and could cause catastrophic effects if a large one collided with Earth, though such collisions are rare.
Tracking the path of a tropical cyclone
The document provides coordinates for 6 points that define the boundary of the Philippine Area of Responsibility. When plotted on a map and connected with straight lines, these points outline the PAR region. The document also instructs to study the tracks of tropical cyclones that entered the PAR in 2020 and observe their movement patterns.
Section 5 comets, asteroids, and meteors2
Comets are loose collections of ice, dust, and small particles that orbit the sun in elongated ellipses. As comets approach the sun, their ice sublimates and forms an atmosphere and two tails made of gas and dust that point away from the sun. Most comets originate from the Kuiper Belt or distant Oort Cloud. Famous comets include Halley, Hale-Bopp, and Hyakutake. Asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and range in size from pebbles to Ceres at 578 miles wide. Some asteroids may have been captured into orbit around Mars as its moons. Meteoroids are small rocks or dust that become meteors as they burn up in
Small-Bodies-Asteroids-and-Comets-and-Meteors.pptx
What is Earth and space science about?
Earth and space science (ESS) connects systems
Earth and space science explores the interconnections between the land, ocean, atmosphere, and life of our planet. These include the cycles of water, carbon, rock, and other materials that continuously shape, influence, and sustain Earth and its inhabitants.
ESS also explores the cyclical interactions between the Earth system and the Sun and Moon.
ESS explores how New Zealand has been shaped by its location
New Zealand straddles the boundary between two major tectonic plates. ESS scientists – and students who study ESS – investigate how this precarious location has impacted (and continues to impact) on New Zealand’s geology and landforms, sometimes in dramatic ways.
ESS investigates the major ocean currents that flow past New Zealand and the impact these and other factors have on our weather and climate.
ESS explores the solar system and beyond
Planet Earth is dynamically linked with the solar system and the wider universe. ESS investigates the structure and composition of these systems and develops understanding of the vast distances and times involved.
What is the Nature of Science strand about?
Why study Earth and space science?
Key concepts: Earth and space science
What is biology | physics | chemistry about?
Interpreting the Nature of Science in an ESS context
Understanding about science
Students learn how understanding of the Earth system, the solar system, the universe, and the interactions between them has developed over time. For example, how:
Wegener and other scientists came to understand that the surface of the earth is broken into tectonic plates that move and interact at their boundaries
Pluto was discovered in 1930 because of disturbances in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune and became the ninth planet, only to be declared a dwarf planet in 2006 after the discovery of Kuiper Belt objects of similar sizes
technologies such as space telescopes and probes have facilitated a build-up of knowledge and understanding about planets, moons, and the rest of the universe
attempts by humans to travel in space have been influenced by the politics of the day
satellites that can measure such factors as the temperature of the surface of the ocean make it possible to build computer models that can be used to accurately monitor changes in the Earth system
the cumulative work of many scientific teams has led to such breakthroughs as understanding the mechanisms of climate change and ocean acidification.
Investigating in science
Students investigate aspects of the Earth system, the solar system and the universe. For example:
Investigating the exchange of carbon dioxide between the ocean and atmosphere by undertaking practical investigations and processing and interpreting secondary data.
Investigating the Sun, Moon and Earth cycles by exploring and developing different models.
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Comets, asteroids, and meteors
This document summarizes the key differences between comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud, are composed of ice and frozen gases, and have highly elliptical orbits. Asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter, are composed of silicates and metals, and have more rounded orbits. Meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere and become meteors as they burn up, with fragments that survive impact becoming meteorites. Studying the composition of comets, asteroids, and meteorites provides clues about the early solar system and impacts that affected Earth.
Constellation
Constellations are groupings of stars that appear to form patterns in the night sky. Ancient cultures like the Babylonians and Greeks studied constellations and used them to mark seasons and in their myths and religions. Today, 88 constellations are recognized by astronomers, including Ursa Major, Orion, and Scorpius. Certain constellations like Ursa Major can be seen all year from any location in the northern hemisphere and are called circumpolar, while others like Orion are only visible during certain seasons.
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unstable movement of ground is known as earthquake . Earthquake is transferred by waves known as Primary waves and secondary waves.
Effect of earthquake includes faults. There are three types of faults caused by earthquake .
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This document discusses comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets are dirty balls of ice that develop tails when passing near the sun. Asteroids are large chunks of rock and metal that orbit the sun. When asteroids and comet fragments enter Earth's atmosphere, they are called meteoroids. Most burn up and are seen as meteors, also known as shooting stars. If fragments survive entry and reach the ground, they are called meteorites. Large impacts from asteroids or comets in the past have created craters and possibly contributed to mass extinctions like the dinosaurs.
The Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It has no atmosphere and its surface is marked by craters and dust. The same side always faces Earth. The Moon's diameter is about one quarter that of Earth and it has lower gravity and density than Earth. Temperatures vary greatly from 130°C during the day to -110°C at night. Large flat plains called maria cover parts of the near side, formed by ancient lava flows. Craters and long valleys called rilles are also features of its surface. The Moon orbits Earth about every 27 days in a cycle linked to eclipses.
Asteroids - Comets - Meteoroids
Asteroids, comets, and meteoroids are small rocky or icy bodies that orbit the sun. Thousands of asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are remnants of early planet formation. Comets are composed of ice and dust and have highly elliptical orbits, forming tails as they near the sun due to heating. When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere, they burn up and are seen as meteors or shooting stars. Those that survive are called meteorites and sometimes leave impact craters. Analysis of meteorites provides clues about early solar system formation and even the origin of life.
Meteors, Comets, and Asteroids
Comets are icy, dusty objects that orbit the Sun. They are composed of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. When a comet approaches the Sun, its ice warms and sublimates into gas, forming a coma - a fuzzy cloud around the comet. Solar wind and radiation pressure cause the coma to form two tails - a blue ion tail and a white dust tail. Comets can be short-period or long-period depending on the shape and size of their orbits.
Constellations grade 8
This document discusses constellations from both a mythological and scientific perspective. It begins by defining constellations as groups of stars that appear to form patterns from Earth's point of view, though the stars are not physically close. Many constellations derive from figures in Greek mythology. The document then discusses how the night sky appears different depending on one's location and viewpoint. It concludes by noting that while constellations were meaningful for ancient cultures, modern astrophysics has revealed stars to be just a small part of a much larger universe.
Characteristics of Stars
Stars are giant balls of gas, mostly hydrogen, that undergo nuclear fusion. They vary in characteristics like color, temperature, size, brightness, and chemical composition. Color depends on temperature, from red stars at around 2000°C up to blue stars at over 50,000°C. Distance is measured in lightyears, with nearby stars like Sirius being 8.5 lightyears away and more distant stars hundreds or thousands of lightyears. The magnitude scale classifies brightness, with first magnitude stars being the brightest. Spectroscopes are used to analyze a star's spectrum and reveal details about its composition.
Other members of solar system
Asteroids occupy the large gap between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are small bodies that orbit the sun in elongated orbits and have tails. Halley's Comet appears every 76 years. Meteors are small objects that burn up when entering Earth's atmosphere, appearing as shooting stars. Meteor showers occur when Earth passes through comet debris. Some large meteors survive entry and are called meteorites. Satellites are natural or artificial objects that orbit Earth or other planets. Artificial satellites have practical applications like weather forecasting and telecommunications.
Types of stars
This document describes different stages and types of stars:
- Main sequence stars like our Sun spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- Red giants are large, reddish stars that have exhausted hydrogen fusion and begun fusing helium.
- Planetary nebulae form when average-sized stars eject their outer layers after becoming red giants, leaving behind dense, hot cores called white dwarfs.
- Brown dwarfs are failed stars too small to sustain nuclear fusion.
- Variable stars change in brightness over timescales from seconds to years as they evolve.
- Binary stars are two gravitationally bound stars that orbit a common center of mass.
Elements and Atoms
- Matter is made of atoms, which are the building blocks of all matter. Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the center nucleus, and electrons orbit the nucleus.
- Elements are the basic substances that atoms are made of. All elements are made up of the same parts - protons, neutrons, and electrons. The periodic table lists all known elements. It provides information like each element's symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.
- There are two common models for representing atoms - the Bohr model, which shows all subatomic particles, and the Lewis dot structure, which shows only the outermost shell of electrons. These models can be used to
Periodic Table of Elements - Science 8
The document discusses the periodic table of elements created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. It organizes all known elements based on their atomic structure and chemical properties. Key terms defined include atomic number, symbol, atomic weight, protons, electrons, neutrons, metals, non-metals, metalloids, periods, families, and properties of common element groups such as alkali metals, halogens and noble gases. The periodic table arranges elements horizontally by atomic number and vertically into families with similar traits.
Heliocentric vs Geocentric models
This is a PowerPoint presentation about the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models
Stars
It is a slide showing the general information as well as some interesting information about stars that a student needs for his school.
Earthquakes and Fault Grade 8
Earthquakes occur along fault lines where the earth's crust has cracked, forming weak spots. There are two main types of earthquakes - tectonic earthquakes caused by movement of tectonic plates, and volcanic earthquakes caused by volcanic activity. Faults are classified based on the movement under the crust, such as dip-slip, strike-slip, and oblique-slip faults. Active faults are those likely to produce future earthquakes, as movement has occurred within the past 10,000 years, such as the Philippine West Valley Fault Line and Philippine Fault.
Solar System
1) The ancient Greek philosopher Ptolemy devised the geocentric model which placed Earth at the center of the solar system. This view was supported by the Catholic Church.
2) The document outlines four arguments used to support the geocentric model and explains why each is flawed. It also discusses Ptolemy's model remaining unchallenged for 14 centuries.
3) Nicolaus Copernicus later proposed the heliocentric model which correctly placed the Sun at the center. This was initially opposed by the Catholic Church but gained support through evidence from seasons, Galileo's telescope observations, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and Newton's theory of gravity.
Comets, Asteriods, and Meteors
Recent advances in space technology have allowed scientists from different fields to collaborate on studying Near-Earth Objects like comets and asteroids. Both comets and asteroids provide clues about the origins of our solar system. Several asteroids have been discovered to come close to Earth in recent years, including Asteroid 2012 DA14 which had a very close approach in February 2012. Impacts from asteroids and comets have affected Earth in the past and could cause catastrophic effects if a large one collided with Earth, though such collisions are rare.
Tracking the path of a tropical cyclone
The document provides coordinates for 6 points that define the boundary of the Philippine Area of Responsibility. When plotted on a map and connected with straight lines, these points outline the PAR region. The document also instructs to study the tracks of tropical cyclones that entered the PAR in 2020 and observe their movement patterns.
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Earthquake waves and types of faults caused by earthquake
Earthquake waves and types of faults caused by earthquake
Similar to Space Rocks
Section 5 comets, asteroids, and meteors2
Comets are loose collections of ice, dust, and small particles that orbit the sun in elongated ellipses. As comets approach the sun, their ice sublimates and forms an atmosphere and two tails made of gas and dust that point away from the sun. Most comets originate from the Kuiper Belt or distant Oort Cloud. Famous comets include Halley, Hale-Bopp, and Hyakutake. Asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and range in size from pebbles to Ceres at 578 miles wide. Some asteroids may have been captured into orbit around Mars as its moons. Meteoroids are small rocks or dust that become meteors as they burn up in
Small-Bodies-Asteroids-and-Comets-and-Meteors.pptx
What is Earth and space science about?
Earth and space science (ESS) connects systems
Earth and space science explores the interconnections between the land, ocean, atmosphere, and life of our planet. These include the cycles of water, carbon, rock, and other materials that continuously shape, influence, and sustain Earth and its inhabitants.
ESS also explores the cyclical interactions between the Earth system and the Sun and Moon.
ESS explores how New Zealand has been shaped by its location
New Zealand straddles the boundary between two major tectonic plates. ESS scientists – and students who study ESS – investigate how this precarious location has impacted (and continues to impact) on New Zealand’s geology and landforms, sometimes in dramatic ways.
ESS investigates the major ocean currents that flow past New Zealand and the impact these and other factors have on our weather and climate.
ESS explores the solar system and beyond
Planet Earth is dynamically linked with the solar system and the wider universe. ESS investigates the structure and composition of these systems and develops understanding of the vast distances and times involved.
What is the Nature of Science strand about?
Why study Earth and space science?
Key concepts: Earth and space science
What is biology | physics | chemistry about?
Interpreting the Nature of Science in an ESS context
Understanding about science
Students learn how understanding of the Earth system, the solar system, the universe, and the interactions between them has developed over time. For example, how:
Wegener and other scientists came to understand that the surface of the earth is broken into tectonic plates that move and interact at their boundaries
Pluto was discovered in 1930 because of disturbances in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune and became the ninth planet, only to be declared a dwarf planet in 2006 after the discovery of Kuiper Belt objects of similar sizes
technologies such as space telescopes and probes have facilitated a build-up of knowledge and understanding about planets, moons, and the rest of the universe
attempts by humans to travel in space have been influenced by the politics of the day
satellites that can measure such factors as the temperature of the surface of the ocean make it possible to build computer models that can be used to accurately monitor changes in the Earth system
the cumulative work of many scientific teams has led to such breakthroughs as understanding the mechanisms of climate change and ocean acidification.
Investigating in science
Students investigate aspects of the Earth system, the solar system and the universe. For example:
Investigating the exchange of carbon dioxide between the ocean and atmosphere by undertaking practical investigations and processing and interpreting secondary data.
Investigating the Sun, Moon and Earth cycles by exploring and developing different models.
Small-Bodies-Asteroids-and-Comets-and-Meteors.pptx
useful student materials reference for basic education. Asteroids, comets, and meteors are chunks of rock, ice, and metal left over from the formation of our solar system 4.6 billion years ago. They are a lot like a fossil record of our early solar system. There are about 1.3 million known asteroids, and more than 3,800 known comets. If we take a complete inventory of the entire contents of the Solar System, we find that there are many small, rocky bodies ranging in size from similar to grains of sand up to the size of small moons or comets. The smallest rocky objects that are found in space are referred to as meteoroids. There are three different classifications of meteoroids, depending on how they are observed:
Meteoroid: A chunk of rock orbiting the Sun inside the Solar System.
Meteor: When a meteoroid encounters the Earth's atmosphere, it interacts with the gases in the atmosphere and all or most of it gets vaporized. The streak of light that we see as the rock penetrates the atmosphere is called a meteor, which many people refer to as "a shooting star."
Meteorite: If some of the material that makes up a meteoroid survives the trip through the atmosphere and is found on Earth, we refer to the remnant as a meteorite. If you want help identifying candidate meteorites you can see the following page:
University of New Mexico: How to Identify a Meteorite(link is external)
There are many meteorites that have been recovered on Earth. We find that there are several types of meteorites that can be separated based on their composition. Some meteorites are almost entirely made up of iron and nickel. These chunks of metal are very easy to find when they land on the Earth because they are so dense and are essentially chunks of metal. There are also stone and stony-iron mix meteorites that land on the Earth (these are more common), but since they appear to the untrained eye more like the naturally occurring rocks on the Earth, without extensive testing they are more difficult to identify as meteorites. During its mission, the Mars Rover Opportunity discovered an iron meteorite on Mars. It just happened to be lying on the planet's surface right near where the Rover's heat shield landed after the spacecraft jettisoned it. This is an iron meteorite, making it stand out among the other rocks the Rover has studied intensively during its trip around the surface of Mars.
asteriods, meteors and comet
This document discusses deep sky objects such as asteroids, meteorites, and comets. It provides information on what asteroids are made of and where they are located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteorites are pieces of asteroids or comets that have fallen to Earth. Comets are described as "dirty snowballs" made of dust, ice, and rock that originate from the Oort cloud or Kuiper belt and have tails pointing away from the Sun. Examples of famous comets like Halley and comets that have impacted planets like Jupiter are mentioned. The differences between asteroids, meteorites, and comets are summarized.
Astonishing Astronomy 101 – Chapters 14 and 15
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cometsasteriodsandmeteors-151126140358-lva1-app6892.pdf
Recent advances in space technology have allowed scientists from different backgrounds to collaborate on studying Near-Earth Objects like comets and asteroids. Studies of these objects provide clues about the origins of the solar system. Several asteroids have been discovered to come close to Earth in recent years, including Asteroid 2012 DA14 in February 2012. Impacts from asteroids and comets have significantly affected Earth in the past, including possibly causing the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. On average, objects large enough for an impact are estimated to hit Earth once every 100,000 years or so, with smaller objects hitting more frequently.
Solar system
The solar system consists of the Sun and everything that orbits around it, including 8 planets. The inner terrestrial planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - are small and rocky. The outer gas giant planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are much larger. Other objects in the solar system include asteroids in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, comets made of ice and dust, and meteorites which are rocky debris from space that reaches Earth. The solar system resides in one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy.
Asteroids comets and meteoroids whats the difference power point
Asteroids, comets, and meteoroids are small solar system bodies that orbit the Sun. Asteroids are typically made of rock and metal and can range in size up to hundreds of miles wide. They mainly orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt. Meteoroids are smaller objects that often burn up entering Earth's atmosphere, becoming meteors (shooting stars). Those that survive are meteorites. Comets contain ice and dust and display a coma and tail when close to the Sun due to solar heating. The most famous is Halley's Comet, which returns about every 75 years.
PPT Comets Asteroids Meteoroids.ppt
Comets, asteroids, and meteoroids originate from the formation of the solar system. Comets are frozen balls of gases and liquids that orbit the sun with long, elliptical orbits. Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the sun, mostly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are chunks of rock in space that become meteors as they enter Earth's atmosphere, burning up and sometimes becoming meteorites if they reach the ground. Major impacts from asteroids or comets are believed to occur around every 50 million years.
Solar system p0wer point presentation
The document summarizes key facts about the solar system, including its composition of one star, eight planets, and numerous moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. It describes how planetary sizes, masses, and densities are determined through observation and measurement. It distinguishes between terrestrial and Jovian planets and discusses other solar system objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. It proposes that the solar system formed from a flattened disk of gas and dust surrounding the young Sun, which over time condensed into planetesimals and eventually the planets through collisions and accumulation of material.
Ch 16 -cometsmeteorsasteroids
Asteroids are rocky airless worlds that orbit the sun and are too small to be considered planets. They come in three main types - C, S, and M - and some are potentially hazardous if they come close to Earth. While asteroid impacts were more common in the past, Earth still suffers impacts about once every 2,000 years from asteroids the size of a football field. Comets are made of ice, dust, and rock and form tails when close to the sun as their ices sublimate. Meteors are flashes of light seen when meteorids burn up in Earth's atmosphere, meteorites are meteorids that survive entry and hit the ground.
Other members of solar system
Comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and meteorites are different types of small solar system bodies. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they heat up when passing near the sun. Asteroids orbit the sun and most reside in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller objects that enter the earth's atmosphere and are called meteors when burning up in the sky. Those that survive entry and hit the ground are meteorites.
Asteroids and comets
This document discusses debris in our solar system and its importance in understanding the origin and evolution of the early solar system. It provides an overview of asteroids, meteorites, comets, and impact craters on Earth. Evidence suggests an asteroid or comet impact was responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. The study of solar system debris holds keys to deciphering the history of our solar system.
Features of the Sun.
The document provides information about the sun and solar system. It describes the key layers of the sun's atmosphere, including the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. It also classifies and compares the eight planets based on their size, composition, distance from the sun, rotation, and other characteristics. Additionally, it discusses asteroids, comets, and meteors, noting that asteroids reside in the belt between Mars and Jupiter, while comets have elliptical orbits and meteors appear as streaks of light in the night sky.
Solar system
The Solar System consists of one star (the Sun), 8 planets that orbit it, over 100 moons, and various smaller objects like asteroids and comets. Planet sizes are determined by measuring their angular sizes and using geometry and known distances. Terrestrial planets like Earth are small and rocky, while Jovian planets like Jupiter are large and gaseous. The formation of the Solar System began from a large cloud of gas and dust that collapsed due to gravity and spun to form a disk, within which planets formed from condensation of dust particles and grew through collisions over millions of years.
12. Meteoroids and Comets (Trexia).pptx
Meteoroids are small rocky bodies that travel through space. When they enter Earth's atmosphere, they are called meteors and if they survive entry and hit the ground, they are called meteorites. Meteoroids come from asteroids and comets. Meteors are commonly called shooting stars. Meteor showers occur when Earth passes through streams of debris left by comets. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune or farther out in the Oort Cloud, and are composed of ice and dust. When comets approach the sun, their tails always point away from the sun due to the pressure of the solar wind.
Astonishing Astronomy 101 - Chapter 8
The document provides information about Earth's moon and the planet Mercury. It discusses the different surface features of the moon like maria, craters, and highlands. It describes theories for how the moon formed, including the collision theory which is currently favored. The tidal interactions between Earth and the moon are slowing Earth's rotation and pushing the moon farther away over time. The document also summarizes key facts about Mercury, such as its extremes in surface temperatures, similarities to the moon's surface, the large Caloris impact basin, and evidence that Mercury has a large molten iron core.
Eclipse and its types with asteroid comets and meteorites and black hole
This document presents information about eclipses, asteroids, comets, meteorites, and black holes. It discusses the history of eclipses dating back over 4000 years in China. It describes the two types of eclipses - lunar and solar eclipses. Asteroids are described as small planetary bodies that orbit the sun, ranging in size from 933km to only 6m in diameter. Comets contain an icy core with dust and release gas and particles as they orbit the sun. Meteorites are small pieces of debris from asteroids or comets that survive entering Earth's atmosphere. Black holes are regions with extremely strong gravitational fields that can absorb anything, even light.
COMETS, ASTEROIDS AND METEORS.pptx
1) Comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are remnants from the formation of the solar system. Comets originate from the Oort Cloud or Kuiper Belt, while asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt.
2) When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere, they heat up and glow, appearing as meteors or "shooting stars." Any fragments that reach the ground are called meteorites. Meteor showers occur when Earth passes through the orbit of a comet.
3) Earth has been hit by comets and asteroids in the past, with major impacts potentially causing mass extinctions. Small impacts from meteoroids are more frequent but less damaging. Large impacts capable of threatening life on Earth occur on time
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Small-Bodies-Asteroids-and-Comets-and-Meteors.pptx
Small-Bodies-Asteroids-and-Comets-and-Meteors.pptx
Small-Bodies-Asteroids-and-Comets-and-Meteors.pptx
Small-Bodies-Asteroids-and-Comets-and-Meteors.pptx
cometsasteriodsandmeteors-151126140358-lva1-app6892.pdf
cometsasteriodsandmeteors-151126140358-lva1-app6892.pdf
Asteroids comets and meteoroids whats the difference power point
Asteroids comets and meteoroids whats the difference power point
Eclipse and its types with asteroid comets and meteorites and black hole
Eclipse and its types with asteroid comets and meteorites and black hole
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With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
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Space Rocks
- 1. Collision with near-earth asteroids can cause planet wide devastation, which is why asteroids are watched by astronomers
- 2. SPACE ROCKS PREPARED BY: JM RAMOS
- 3. Asteroids – Planetary Building Blocks • Asteroids has come to refer specifically to the small celestial of bodies which are usually rocky and/or metallic • The majority of known asteroids are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
- 4. Asteroids – Planetary Building Blocks • Trojan –Asteroids that share an orbit with a large planet or moon –Example: Jupiter Trojans
- 5. Asteroids – Planetary Building Blocks
- 6. SEATWORK A What does the picture tell you about the probability of an asteroid colliding with any of the planets near it? Explain briefly
- 8. NEAs • Near – Earth Asteroid • 7075 NEAs already found • 500 to 1000 of them at least 1 km in diameter • Cretaceous – Paleogene; 66 million years – dinosaurs become extinct
- 9. NEAs • Tunguska Event of 1908 –Massive explosion that caused the destruction of an estimated 80 million trees in an area of more than 2 000 sq.m –Explosive force is estimated to have been 1 000 times than that of the atomic bomb dropped in Horishima
- 10. NEAs • Tunguska Event of 1908 –Estimated was about 38 m in diameter
- 11. NAMING ASTEROIDS • First asteroid was discovered in 1801 (910 km across) named Ceres - a roman goddess of agriculture; Pallas, Juno and Vesta
- 12. NAMING ASTEROIDS • At first, Latin names were given to asteroids Example: 8 Flora 17 Tbetis
- 13. Eight Asteroids named after Filipinos (IAU) • 6282 Edwelda – Edwin Aguirre and Imelda Joson (1985) • 11697 Estrella – Allan Noriel Estrella • 12088 Macalintal – Jeric Valles Macalintal • 12522 Rara – Prem Vilas Fortan M. Rara
- 14. Eight Asteroids named after Filipinos (IAU) • 13241 Biyo – Dr. Josette T. Biyo • 4866 Badillo – Victor L. Badillo • 6636 Kintanar – Dr. Roman Lucero Kintanar • 28439 Miguelreyes – Miguel Arnold Reyes
- 15. SEATWORK B Express your aspirations and future career plans and how you can make your mark, however small, in other people’s lives?
- 16. Asteroids as Source of Metals • Asteroids that are big enough to land spaceship is called planetoids • Rich in iron, nickel and other metals
- 17. Comets – Occasional Visitors
- 19. COMETS • Basically dusty snowballs which orbit the sun • Contain CO2, NH3, CH4 and other compounds
- 20. FAMOUS COMETS • HALLEY’S COMMETS –Appears only once every 75 to 76 years –It was seen again in 1758, 1835, 1910 and 1986 –Predicted to be appear again in 2061 –Periodic comet
- 21. FAMOUS COMETS • Sir Edmond Halley • Using Mathematical calculations • Observed in 1682 • Died 1742
- 22. COMETS • Superstitious beliefs: –A sign of bud luck –Happily welcomed as messengers of the gods –End of the world –Calamity and war
- 23. SEATWORK C • Read the article Sci Bit page 167 • Are there scientific pieces of evidence that support this superstition?
- 25. COMETS COLLIDING WITH THE PLANETS • Collision were more common • July 1944 – comet shoemaker – levy 9 broke up into pieces and collide with the Jupiter • Created a giant brown spot that was almost the size of earth (12 000km)
- 26. NAMING OF COMETS • Visible in the Philippines – Halley’s comet – Comet Ikeya Seki – Comet Kohoutek – Comet west – Comet Hale – bopp – Comets McNaught and Holmes
- 27. QUIZ Make a Venn diagram to compare and contrast an asteroids and a comet Work in Pairs
- 28. Meteoroids
- 29. METEOROIDS • Fragments of rocky material with similar composition as a terrestrial planets • Very tiny meteoroid are known as micrometeoroids – referred cosmic dust • Do not emit any light of their own, but merely reflect the light of the sun just like the moon
- 30. METEOROIDS • Fragments of rocky material with similar composition as a terrestrial planets • Very tiny meteoroid are known as micrometeoroids – referred cosmic dust • Do not emit any light of their own, but merely reflect the light of the sun just like the moon
- 31. METEOROIDS • Fragments of rocky material with similar composition as a terrestrial planets • Very tiny meteoroid are known as micrometeoroids – referred cosmic dust • Do not emit any light of their own, but merely reflect the light of the sun just like the moon
- 32. No visible path or tail Visible tail or path of the meteoroid as it enters Earth’s atmosphere Hits Earth and survives the impact
- 33. Evidence of the impact of a meteorite that hit Earth
- 34. Other Info • Meteors that appear to glow brighter than planets are called fireballs
- 35. Other Info • When fireballs explode, they are called bolides
- 36. ACTIVITY FISHBOWL (QUESTION AND ANSWER) COVERAGE - Earthquake - Typhoon - Space rocks
Editor's Notes
- Neptune and uranus had crossed