Comets, asteroids, and meteoroids originate from the formation of the solar system. Comets are frozen balls of gases and liquids that orbit the sun with long, elliptical orbits. Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the sun, mostly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are chunks of rock in space that become meteors as they enter Earth's atmosphere, burning up and sometimes becoming meteorites if they reach the ground. Major impacts from asteroids or comets are believed to occur around every 50 million years.
What is Earth and space science about?
Earth and space science (ESS) connects systems
Earth and space science explores the interconnections between the land, ocean, atmosphere, and life of our planet. These include the cycles of water, carbon, rock, and other materials that continuously shape, influence, and sustain Earth and its inhabitants.
ESS also explores the cyclical interactions between the Earth system and the Sun and Moon.
ESS explores how New Zealand has been shaped by its location
New Zealand straddles the boundary between two major tectonic plates. ESS scientists – and students who study ESS – investigate how this precarious location has impacted (and continues to impact) on New Zealand’s geology and landforms, sometimes in dramatic ways.
ESS investigates the major ocean currents that flow past New Zealand and the impact these and other factors have on our weather and climate.
ESS explores the solar system and beyond
Planet Earth is dynamically linked with the solar system and the wider universe. ESS investigates the structure and composition of these systems and develops understanding of the vast distances and times involved.
What is the Nature of Science strand about?
Why study Earth and space science?
Key concepts: Earth and space science
What is biology | physics | chemistry about?
Interpreting the Nature of Science in an ESS context
Understanding about science
Students learn how understanding of the Earth system, the solar system, the universe, and the interactions between them has developed over time. For example, how:
Wegener and other scientists came to understand that the surface of the earth is broken into tectonic plates that move and interact at their boundaries
Pluto was discovered in 1930 because of disturbances in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune and became the ninth planet, only to be declared a dwarf planet in 2006 after the discovery of Kuiper Belt objects of similar sizes
technologies such as space telescopes and probes have facilitated a build-up of knowledge and understanding about planets, moons, and the rest of the universe
attempts by humans to travel in space have been influenced by the politics of the day
satellites that can measure such factors as the temperature of the surface of the ocean make it possible to build computer models that can be used to accurately monitor changes in the Earth system
the cumulative work of many scientific teams has led to such breakthroughs as understanding the mechanisms of climate change and ocean acidification.
Investigating in science
Students investigate aspects of the Earth system, the solar system and the universe. For example:
Investigating the exchange of carbon dioxide between the ocean and atmosphere by undertaking practical investigations and processing and interpreting secondary data.
Investigating the Sun, Moon and Earth cycles by exploring and developing different models.
useful student materials reference for basic education. Asteroids, comets, and meteors are chunks of rock, ice, and metal left over from the formation of our solar system 4.6 billion years ago. They are a lot like a fossil record of our early solar system. There are about 1.3 million known asteroids, and more than 3,800 known comets. If we take a complete inventory of the entire contents of the Solar System, we find that there are many small, rocky bodies ranging in size from similar to grains of sand up to the size of small moons or comets. The smallest rocky objects that are found in space are referred to as meteoroids. There are three different classifications of meteoroids, depending on how they are observed:
Meteoroid: A chunk of rock orbiting the Sun inside the Solar System.
Meteor: When a meteoroid encounters the Earth's atmosphere, it interacts with the gases in the atmosphere and all or most of it gets vaporized. The streak of light that we see as the rock penetrates the atmosphere is called a meteor, which many people refer to as "a shooting star."
Meteorite: If some of the material that makes up a meteoroid survives the trip through the atmosphere and is found on Earth, we refer to the remnant as a meteorite. If you want help identifying candidate meteorites you can see the following page:
University of New Mexico: How to Identify a Meteorite(link is external)
There are many meteorites that have been recovered on Earth. We find that there are several types of meteorites that can be separated based on their composition. Some meteorites are almost entirely made up of iron and nickel. These chunks of metal are very easy to find when they land on the Earth because they are so dense and are essentially chunks of metal. There are also stone and stony-iron mix meteorites that land on the Earth (these are more common), but since they appear to the untrained eye more like the naturally occurring rocks on the Earth, without extensive testing they are more difficult to identify as meteorites. During its mission, the Mars Rover Opportunity discovered an iron meteorite on Mars. It just happened to be lying on the planet's surface right near where the Rover's heat shield landed after the spacecraft jettisoned it. This is an iron meteorite, making it stand out among the other rocks the Rover has studied intensively during its trip around the surface of Mars.
What is Earth and space science about?
Earth and space science (ESS) connects systems
Earth and space science explores the interconnections between the land, ocean, atmosphere, and life of our planet. These include the cycles of water, carbon, rock, and other materials that continuously shape, influence, and sustain Earth and its inhabitants.
ESS also explores the cyclical interactions between the Earth system and the Sun and Moon.
ESS explores how New Zealand has been shaped by its location
New Zealand straddles the boundary between two major tectonic plates. ESS scientists – and students who study ESS – investigate how this precarious location has impacted (and continues to impact) on New Zealand’s geology and landforms, sometimes in dramatic ways.
ESS investigates the major ocean currents that flow past New Zealand and the impact these and other factors have on our weather and climate.
ESS explores the solar system and beyond
Planet Earth is dynamically linked with the solar system and the wider universe. ESS investigates the structure and composition of these systems and develops understanding of the vast distances and times involved.
What is the Nature of Science strand about?
Why study Earth and space science?
Key concepts: Earth and space science
What is biology | physics | chemistry about?
Interpreting the Nature of Science in an ESS context
Understanding about science
Students learn how understanding of the Earth system, the solar system, the universe, and the interactions between them has developed over time. For example, how:
Wegener and other scientists came to understand that the surface of the earth is broken into tectonic plates that move and interact at their boundaries
Pluto was discovered in 1930 because of disturbances in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune and became the ninth planet, only to be declared a dwarf planet in 2006 after the discovery of Kuiper Belt objects of similar sizes
technologies such as space telescopes and probes have facilitated a build-up of knowledge and understanding about planets, moons, and the rest of the universe
attempts by humans to travel in space have been influenced by the politics of the day
satellites that can measure such factors as the temperature of the surface of the ocean make it possible to build computer models that can be used to accurately monitor changes in the Earth system
the cumulative work of many scientific teams has led to such breakthroughs as understanding the mechanisms of climate change and ocean acidification.
Investigating in science
Students investigate aspects of the Earth system, the solar system and the universe. For example:
Investigating the exchange of carbon dioxide between the ocean and atmosphere by undertaking practical investigations and processing and interpreting secondary data.
Investigating the Sun, Moon and Earth cycles by exploring and developing different models.
useful student materials reference for basic education. Asteroids, comets, and meteors are chunks of rock, ice, and metal left over from the formation of our solar system 4.6 billion years ago. They are a lot like a fossil record of our early solar system. There are about 1.3 million known asteroids, and more than 3,800 known comets. If we take a complete inventory of the entire contents of the Solar System, we find that there are many small, rocky bodies ranging in size from similar to grains of sand up to the size of small moons or comets. The smallest rocky objects that are found in space are referred to as meteoroids. There are three different classifications of meteoroids, depending on how they are observed:
Meteoroid: A chunk of rock orbiting the Sun inside the Solar System.
Meteor: When a meteoroid encounters the Earth's atmosphere, it interacts with the gases in the atmosphere and all or most of it gets vaporized. The streak of light that we see as the rock penetrates the atmosphere is called a meteor, which many people refer to as "a shooting star."
Meteorite: If some of the material that makes up a meteoroid survives the trip through the atmosphere and is found on Earth, we refer to the remnant as a meteorite. If you want help identifying candidate meteorites you can see the following page:
University of New Mexico: How to Identify a Meteorite(link is external)
There are many meteorites that have been recovered on Earth. We find that there are several types of meteorites that can be separated based on their composition. Some meteorites are almost entirely made up of iron and nickel. These chunks of metal are very easy to find when they land on the Earth because they are so dense and are essentially chunks of metal. There are also stone and stony-iron mix meteorites that land on the Earth (these are more common), but since they appear to the untrained eye more like the naturally occurring rocks on the Earth, without extensive testing they are more difficult to identify as meteorites. During its mission, the Mars Rover Opportunity discovered an iron meteorite on Mars. It just happened to be lying on the planet's surface right near where the Rover's heat shield landed after the spacecraft jettisoned it. This is an iron meteorite, making it stand out among the other rocks the Rover has studied intensively during its trip around the surface of Mars.
In this interactive and informative presentation, 8th-grade students will explore the fascinating members of our solar system and learn about the crucial role artificial satellites play in space exploration. From the blazing sun to the mysterious outer planets, students will embark on a journey through the cosmos, discovering each celestial body's unique characteristics and features. Through engaging visuals and interactive activities, students will gain a deep understanding of the wonders of our solar system and the important tools used to explore it.
In this interactive and informative presentation, 8th-grade students will explore the fascinating members of our solar system and learn about the crucial role artificial satellites play in space exploration. From the blazing sun to the mysterious outer planets, students will embark on a journey through the cosmos, discovering each celestial body's unique characteristics and features. Through engaging visuals and interactive activities, students will gain a deep understanding of the wonders of our solar system and the important tools used to explore it.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• At the of a 60-minute period, students should be
able to:
• 1. Discuss the origin and fact about comets,
asteroids and meteors.
• 2. Draw how impact craters are formed when a
meteor or asteroid hits Earth.
• 3. Value the importance and occurrence of
comets, meteors, and asteroids.
3. Comets.. 48) Dirty snowballs
• They look like a
star with a ghostly
white tail.
• A comet is a frozen
ball of gases and
liquids with small
amounts of rock.
4. • 46)What is a comet? A frozen ball of gases
and liquids with small amounts of rock.
• 47) Comets are chunks of ice and dust that
revolve around the sun with very elliptical
orbits.
5. Other pictures of Comets
Comet Hale-Bopp
Comet
Ikeya-Seki
Comet
Kohoutek
6. 49)The tails of comets always
point away from the sun because
the sun’s radiation slowly burns
away some of the comet as it
orbits the sun.
7. Comets orbit
• If a comet has a large orbit, it takes a long
time to go around the Sun.
– Some comets are "short-period" comets that
take five or ten years to complete an orbit.
– Some comets are "long-period" comets that
take decades, centuries, or millenia to orbit the
Sun.
8. How did comets form???????
• Astronomers are not certain how comets formed, but
most believe that comets formed at the same time our
solar system did, perhaps even in among the planets.
9. 45)Comets and asteroids are
objects smaller than planets that
orbit the sun and vary in size,
composition, and characteristics.
10. 1. - Rock larger than a
boulder revolving around
the Sun.
2. - Orbits are mainly
between Mars and
Jupiter.
3. - Diameters are typically
between one to several
hundred kilometers.
4. - To the right are some
compared to the size of
our Moon.
Asteroids
11. • 50)Asteroids are smaller than
planets and can be found
orbiting the Sun.
12. Asteroids……Rockin’ Around
• Most asteroids travel in the
wide gap between the inner
planets and outer planets
(known as 51 & 52 first blank)
Asteroid belt).
• But a few travel in paths across
Mar’s orbit and some even
cross in Earth’s orbit.
13.
14. Asteroid Belt
• The region of space between Mars and
Jupiter; about 2.8AU
• Hundreds of thousands of asteroids
known. Probably millions.
19. 52)Oort Cloud
• Hypothetical spherical cloud. No direct
observations.
• Proposed by Ernst Opik (1932), Jan
Henrik Oort (1950)
20. Meteoroids, Meteors and Meteorites
• Meteoroid = the object before it enters Earth's atmosphere.
Most are destroyed about 80 km above the Earth's surface.
They are small sand to boulder-sized particles of space debris.
• Meteor = They are often called shooting stars. We see them
as glowing small particles as they enter the atmosphere.
They glow because of heat from friction with the atmosphere.
• Meteorites = They are rocks that reach the Earth's surface
from space.
Meteor Meteorites
Meteoroid
21. Other asteroids lie on the outer edge of
our solar system in the Kuiper Belt
In this picture
you can see
the Asteroid
Belt
And the
Kuiper Belt
23. 53)Scientists suggest that the last
massive asteroid that hit Earth
landed approximately 65 million
years ago.
24. Based on past asteroid activity, when is
the next massive asteroid due to hit
Earth?
The next major
asteroid should have
hit Earth
approximately 15
million years ago,
because scientist
believe the massive
asteroids hit Earth
every 50 million
years.
25. Meteoroids, Meteors and Meteorites
• Meteoroid = the object before it enters Earth's atmosphere.
Most are destroyed about 80 km above the Earth's surface.
They are small sand to boulder-sized particles of space debris.
• Meteor = They are often called shooting stars. We see them
as glowing small particles as they enter the atmosphere.
They glow because of heat from friction with the atmosphere.
• Meteorites = They are rocks that reach the Earth's surface
from space.
Meteor Meteorites
Meteoroid
26. Meteors…Shooting Stars or Space
Garbage
• 56)A meteor is a
small rock flying
through Earth’s
atmosphere.
27. Meteors…Shooting Stars or Space
Garbage
Meteors are falling all
the time.
During the annual meteor
storms, you may see 100
per hour.
28. Why does a meteor glow?
• The small rock burns as it fly's through the
atmosphere.
• REALLY bright meteors are called
FIREBALLS
31. 54)Based on past asteroid activity, when is the
next massive asteroid due to hit Earth? The next
major asteroid should have hit Earth
approximately 15 million years ago. We are
overdue.
55)Meteoroids are a chuck of rock or dust found
in space, and usually come from a comet or
asteroid.
32. • 56)A meteor is small rock flying through
Earth’s atmosphere, a meteoroid is a small
rock flying through space, and a meteorite
is a small rock that landed on Earth from
outer space.
• 57)Why does a meteor glow? The small
rock burns as it flies through the
atmosphere.
33. What’s That Up In The Sky???
COMETS ASTEROIDS METEORS
Made of ice-
have tails
Made of rock
and metal
Made of rock
and metal
Stay in space Stay in space Fall into
Earth’s
atmosphere
Orbit the sun Orbit the sun Gravity pulls to
Earth; they
burn up as
they fall
34. So, what have we learned
• What are comets?
• Where are they usually located?
• What are Meteoroids, Meteors, and
Meteorites?
• What are Asteroids?
• Name three places where we can find
asteroids?