This document discusses solid waste generation and characteristics. It defines solid waste according to EPA regulations and generally as useless or unwanted solid materials from human activities. Solid waste sources include residential, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal services, treatment plants, industrial, agricultural, and biomedical. The composition of municipal solid waste varies globally and domestically depending on factors like customs, living standards, location, and climate. On average in India, food and garden waste make up 40% of solid waste, while paper accounts for 27%. The document also provides statistics on solid waste generation and management challenges in India.

1. GENERATION AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF
WASTE
Prof. Pallavi Patil
APSIT , Thane

2. What Is Solid Waste...???
According to EPA regulations, solid waste is :
• Any garbage or refuse.
• Sludges
• Discarded material
• Solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous material from
industrial, commercial, agricultural operations.

3. What Is Solid Waste...???
In general way…..
• Solid waste is the useless or unwanted solid
material generated from various human activities.

4. Classification of waste

5. SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE
• Residential
• Commercial
• Institutional
• Construction and demolition
• Municipal services
• Treatment plant sites
• Industrial
• Agricultural
• Biomedical
MSW

6. Classification --
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7. Composition of SW
• The composition and characteristics of municipal solid wastes vary
throughout the world.
• Even in the same country it changes from place to place as it depends on
number of factors such as social customs, standard of living, geographical
location, climate etc.
• MSW is heterogeneous in nature and consists of number of different
materials derived from various types of activities.

8. Composition of SW

9. Composition of SW
• The general composition of solid waste being generated from the cities of
India is
40% Food & Garden waste,
5% glass & Ceramics,
3% Metal,
15% inert,
4% Plastic/ Rubber,
6 % Textile,
27 % Paper.
• Total Organic Fraction - 40%, Combustible Fraction - 37%, Recyclables -
8%, Inert - 15%

10. SOLID WASTE IN INDIA
• 7.2 million tones of hazardous waste
• One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year
• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes
• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million
tones of high-volume low hazard waste every year, which is
mostly dumped on open low-lying land areas. `

11. SOLID WASTE IN INDIA
• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tones of waste per
annum, the ever-increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city
• Estimated waste generation is 1,00,000 MT/day.
• Per capita waste generation ranges between 0.20 to 0.60 kg.

12. SOLID WASTE IN INDIA
• Waste collection efficiency in bigger sized cities
ranges from 70 to 90% and in small sized towns it is
up to 50-60%.
• Local authorities spend less than 5% of their budget
on waste disposal and maximum cost is incurred on
street sweeping and collection and transportation of
waste.