Mosquitoes and other insects are harmful for humans as they can cause many
diseases which are harmful for human health. In order to avoid the mosquitoes, people
use chemical repellents which affect the environment adversely. Use of mosquito
repeller skin creams can cause skin problems. In this paper, a mosquito repeller system
that operates by harvesting the solar energy from sun is implemented. The proposed
mosquito repeller system consumes low power with an adequate affordability,
availability, and versatility. The software tool used is Arduino IDE, which is used to
write an embedded code for Arduino board. The designed system consumes very low
power and can be effectively used in lawns and environment parks to repel the
mosquitoes.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems, including their components, characteristics, and design process. It discusses the selection of processors and memory devices for embedded systems. It also describes structural units in embedded processors, memory management methods, timer and counting devices, watchdog timers, real-time clocks, and the use of in-circuit emulators for debugging embedded systems.
The document summarizes a faculty development workshop on challenges for research in wireless communication technologies. It discusses key topics like cellular terminology, frequency reuse concepts, co-channel interference and methods to reduce it. Specifically, it defines what a cell is, explains frequency reuse patterns using clusters of cells, and formulas to calculate cluster size and frequency reuse distance to minimize co-channel interference between cells.
on successful go through of this complete PPT, the learners can be able to understand the Raspberry PI, Raspberry Pi Interfaces(Serial, SPI,I2C) Programming, Python programming with Raspberry PI with the focus of Interfacing external gadgets
Controlling output Reading input from pins.
This presentation gives an insight about various antennas that were in use in cell phones and are being used in today's smartphones. Images of various phone models showing antenna used are included to give pictorial view of internal antennas
1. Power dividers are microwave components that divide input power between output ports. Common types include T-junction, Wilkinson, and multi-section broadband dividers. T-junction dividers can be lossless or lossy. Wilkinson dividers provide isolation between output ports.
2. Directional couplers are 4-port networks that divide power between through and coupled ports. They use quarter-wave length lines and even-odd mode analysis. Voltage ratios define coupling factors. Multisection designs provide broadband operation.
3. Hybrids like the quadrature and ring hybrids are 90 or 180 degree hybrids based on symmetric/asymmetric port designs and even-odd mode analysis to provide specific scattering
A microprocessor controlled automatic door opener including means for detecting the velocity and direction of travel of the door. The micro-controller evaluates detected changes in either the velocity or direction of travel to determine the cause, and either reverses door travel direction or ignores the detection. The settings of the door are stored in the memory of the microprocessor. The microcontroller will regulate the opening and closing speed and the direction of door travel depending upon a preprogrammed sequence. The door control mechanism is able to differentiate between these internal factors and external obstructions.
This document discusses various microwave measurement techniques, including:
- Power, VSWR, impedance, frequency, cavity Q, and wavelength measurements.
- Common measurement devices are vector network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, power meters, tunable detectors, slotted sections, and VSWR meters.
- Power is typically measured using diode detectors, bolometers, or thermocouples, which convert RF power to a measurable DC signal.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems, including their components, characteristics, and design process. It discusses the selection of processors and memory devices for embedded systems. It also describes structural units in embedded processors, memory management methods, timer and counting devices, watchdog timers, real-time clocks, and the use of in-circuit emulators for debugging embedded systems.
The document summarizes a faculty development workshop on challenges for research in wireless communication technologies. It discusses key topics like cellular terminology, frequency reuse concepts, co-channel interference and methods to reduce it. Specifically, it defines what a cell is, explains frequency reuse patterns using clusters of cells, and formulas to calculate cluster size and frequency reuse distance to minimize co-channel interference between cells.
on successful go through of this complete PPT, the learners can be able to understand the Raspberry PI, Raspberry Pi Interfaces(Serial, SPI,I2C) Programming, Python programming with Raspberry PI with the focus of Interfacing external gadgets
Controlling output Reading input from pins.
This presentation gives an insight about various antennas that were in use in cell phones and are being used in today's smartphones. Images of various phone models showing antenna used are included to give pictorial view of internal antennas
1. Power dividers are microwave components that divide input power between output ports. Common types include T-junction, Wilkinson, and multi-section broadband dividers. T-junction dividers can be lossless or lossy. Wilkinson dividers provide isolation between output ports.
2. Directional couplers are 4-port networks that divide power between through and coupled ports. They use quarter-wave length lines and even-odd mode analysis. Voltage ratios define coupling factors. Multisection designs provide broadband operation.
3. Hybrids like the quadrature and ring hybrids are 90 or 180 degree hybrids based on symmetric/asymmetric port designs and even-odd mode analysis to provide specific scattering
A microprocessor controlled automatic door opener including means for detecting the velocity and direction of travel of the door. The micro-controller evaluates detected changes in either the velocity or direction of travel to determine the cause, and either reverses door travel direction or ignores the detection. The settings of the door are stored in the memory of the microprocessor. The microcontroller will regulate the opening and closing speed and the direction of door travel depending upon a preprogrammed sequence. The door control mechanism is able to differentiate between these internal factors and external obstructions.
This document discusses various microwave measurement techniques, including:
- Power, VSWR, impedance, frequency, cavity Q, and wavelength measurements.
- Common measurement devices are vector network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, power meters, tunable detectors, slotted sections, and VSWR meters.
- Power is typically measured using diode detectors, bolometers, or thermocouples, which convert RF power to a measurable DC signal.
This document provides an introductory presentation on the Raspberry Pi single board computer. It discusses what Raspberry Pi is, its low cost, support for education and programming. It describes the different models and their technical specifications. It also covers setting up Raspberry Pi, installing an operating system, using the Linux shell and commands, programming languages supported, and interfacing with GPIO pins to control hardware. Projects discussed include a home automation system and an LED blink example using GPIO pins.
Altium held an investor presentation covering its full year performance for 2016. Key highlights included 17% revenue growth to $93.6 million, a 29.3% EBITDA margin, and reaching over $100 million in sales. Altium also increased the number of new Altium Designer licenses sold by 20% and subscribed seats grew by 11% to 31,134. The presentation discussed Altium's strategy to achieve PCB market leadership by 2020 through continued product upgrades, partnerships, and acquisitions.
Wireless communication allows for freedom from wires and instantaneous communication without physical connections. It provides global coverage for communication that can reach areas where wiring is infeasible or costly. Wireless communication transmits voice and data using radio waves without wires. It uses different frequency channels that can transmit information independently and in parallel. While wireless communication provides mobility and flexibility, it also faces security and physical obstruction issues compared to wired communication.
Human: Thank you for the summary. It effectively captured the key points about wireless communication in just 3 sentences as requested.
The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that can connect to keyboards, monitors and TVs to function similarly to a desktop computer. It was developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in the UK to inspire teaching of basic computer science in schools and develop interest in programming. While low in cost at $25-35, the Raspberry Pi runs Linux and can be used for a variety of applications including robotics, programming practice and basic computing tasks.
3G cellular networks aimed to provide higher bandwidth and data rates, global roaming, and support for multimedia services. The ITU defined the IMT-2000 standard to enable these capabilities. Major 3G technologies included W-CDMA, CDMA2000, and UWC-136. Early 3G networks rolled out starting in 2001, with the Japanese and Koreans among the first to offer services meeting IMT-2000 specifications. Key technologies like higher bandwidths, packet switching, coherent modulation, smart antennas, and interference management helped 3G networks provide improved performance over 2G networks.
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA) SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Soumen Santra
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA)
Definition : The communication channel encountered by this array of antennas.
advanced antenna technology.
Smart Antenna
Uplink Transmission
Downlink Transmission
Block Diagram
Features
Beam Frequency Reuse
Advantages
Disadvantages
This document is a project report submitted by Deepak Kumar Pandey, a 4th semester BSc Computer Science student at Shri Jayanti Lal Hirachand Sanghvi Gujrati Samaj Innovative Collage of Commerce and Science Indore, to his project guide Prof. Deepshikha Shah. The report discusses key issues to consider when designing a computer network, including the nature of nodes, topology, interconnection type, reliability, channel capacity allocation, routing techniques, applicable models, channel capacities, and access methods.
This document provides instructions for outputting a sine waveform from Channel 1 of a signal generator:
1. Select Channel 1 and the sine waveform. Set the frequency to 20 kHz, amplitude to 2.5 Vpp, offset to 500 mVDC, and start phase to 10 degrees.
2. Additional settings like output parameters can be configured through the Channel Setting menu.
3. Enable the Channel 1 output to output the configured sine waveform from its BNC connector.
This document discusses different types of antennas used in mobile devices. It begins by introducing antennas and their roles in transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. There are several key parameters discussed for antennas including bandwidth, gain, effective area, radiation pattern, impedance, efficiency, and polarization. The main types of antennas covered are isotropic antennas, which radiate equally in all directions; directional antennas, which radiate more effectively in one direction; and omnidirectional antennas, which radiate in all directions except the azimuth plane. The document focuses on different antenna types used specifically for mobiles, including roof mounted antennas, glass mounted antennas, high gain antennas, and various space diversity antennas oriented horizontally or vertically.
- Antennas convert electric currents into radio waves and vice versa. They are used in various technologies including radio, television, mobile phones, WiFi, and radar.
- The first antennas were built in 1888 by Heinrich Hertz to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. Modern antennas come in different types for applications like broadcasting, communications, and space exploration.
- Antennas work by using an oscillating current to generate oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate as radio waves. During reception, the antenna intercepts some power from incoming radio waves to produce a voltage for the receiver.
An antenna array consists of multiple spatially separated antenna elements that can be combined to improve performance over a single antenna. Antenna arrays allow for high gain, steerable beams, diversity reception, interference cancellation, and direction finding. The performance of an antenna array improves as more elements are added. Additionally, increasing the element spacing provides higher directivity, but the spacing must remain below half the wavelength to avoid grating lobes. Phased arrays use differences in phase between element signals to steer the beam electronically without mechanical movement. This allows for rapid scanning compared to mechanical antennas.
Earth stations are systems that transmit and receive signals to and from satellites. They consist of subsystems like transmitters, receivers, antennas, and tracking equipment. Key parameters that affect earth station performance include transmitter power, antenna gain and efficiency, noise temperature, and local weather conditions. The ratio of antenna gain to noise temperature (G/T ratio) is important, as it determines the strength of the received signal relative to thermal noise. Path loss increases significantly with distance between the earth station and satellite due to signal dispersion over the propagation path. Various factors like operating frequency, elevation angle, polarization, and local meteorology can impact propagation impairments.
This document discusses direct-to-home (DTH) television. It begins with an introduction to DTH television, noting that it is a wireless system that delivers television programs directly to viewers' homes using a personal dish. It then covers the history and constituents of DTH, including the minidish antenna, low-noise block downconverter, coaxial cable, and set-top box. The basic principles and operation of DTH are explained, including how signals are transmitted from satellites to viewers' homes. Differences between DTH and cable TV are outlined. Major DTH service providers in India are identified as well as features, applications, benefits and the future prospects of DTH.
Communication satellites orbit Earth and are used to transmit radio, television and other signals. The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched in 1957. There are different types of satellites including active satellites that amplify and retransmit signals, addressing disadvantages of early passive satellites. Geostationary satellites orbit at the same rate as Earth's rotation, allowing ground antennas to remain fixed. Other orbits include medium Earth orbit and low Earth orbit. VSAT systems use small ground terminals to communicate via satellite. GPS uses a constellation of satellites to provide location services worldwide.
The document provides an overview of getting started with MicroPython on the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller. It discusses that the Pico is a custom microcontroller designed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with dual ARM Cortex cores and lots of I/O. It introduces MicroPython as a Python implementation for microcontrollers and highlights some differences from standard Python. It also covers flashing MicroPython firmware onto the Pico, editing code using Thonny, documentation resources, and provides a simple example of reading temperature from a thermistor using the Pico's ADC.
This document describes a GSM-based wireless notice board system. It uses a SIM900 GSM modem connected to an LPC2148 microcontroller via a MAX232 level shifter. The system allows users to send SMS messages containing notices to the SIM card, which are then displayed on an LED display board. It provides a low-cost wireless alternative to physical notice boards that avoids issues like unauthorized access or frequent updates. Potential applications include notice boards for schools, traffic control, and information displays in public areas.
Design of Non-Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays Using Dolph- Chebyshev and Binomi...IJERA Editor
This paper explores the analytical methods of synthesizing linear antenna arrays. The synthesis employed is
based on non-uniform methods. In particular, the Dolph-Chebyshev and binomial methods are used, so as to
improve the directivity of the array and to reduce the level of the secondary lobes by adjusting the geometrical
and electric parameters of the array. The radiation patterns, the directivity, and the array factors of the uniform
and the non-uniform methods are presented. It is shown that the Chebyshev arrays have better directivity than
binomial arrays for the same number of elements and separation distance, while binomial arrays have very low
side lobes compared with Chebyshev and uniform excitation arrays. Finally, numerical results of both methods
are analyzed and compared.
Introduction to Cellular Mobile System,
Performance criteria,
uniqueness of mobile radio environment,
operation of cellular systems,
Hexagonal shaped cells,
Analog Cellular systems.
Digital Cellular systems
FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM FROM EARTH FAULT, SHORT CIRCUIT AND OVERLOAD FAULTSIRJET Journal
This document describes a feeder protection system designed to protect a bus bar from overload faults, short circuits, and earth faults. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller along with current sensors to monitor current flowing through the feeder. If an overload, short circuit, or earth fault is detected based on the current readings, the Arduino will trigger relays to disconnect the faulty section of the feeder. The system provides automatic protection of feeders from different fault conditions while allowing for automatic reconnection if a temporary fault clears. The goal is to design a low-cost and reliable protection system for electrical power distribution feeders.
IRJET- IoT based Solar Power Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document proposes an IOT-based solar power monitoring system that can monitor and control a solar photovoltaic system remotely. The system uses sensors to monitor the voltage, current, and power output of solar panels. A microcontroller connects the sensors to the internet via WiFi to upload the data to a cloud server. The system also includes a sun tracking mechanism using an LDR sensor and DC motor to automatically rotate the solar panels and maximize sunlight exposure for increased efficiency. The remote monitoring capabilities allow users to view the solar panel performance from anywhere via a web interface.
This document provides an introductory presentation on the Raspberry Pi single board computer. It discusses what Raspberry Pi is, its low cost, support for education and programming. It describes the different models and their technical specifications. It also covers setting up Raspberry Pi, installing an operating system, using the Linux shell and commands, programming languages supported, and interfacing with GPIO pins to control hardware. Projects discussed include a home automation system and an LED blink example using GPIO pins.
Altium held an investor presentation covering its full year performance for 2016. Key highlights included 17% revenue growth to $93.6 million, a 29.3% EBITDA margin, and reaching over $100 million in sales. Altium also increased the number of new Altium Designer licenses sold by 20% and subscribed seats grew by 11% to 31,134. The presentation discussed Altium's strategy to achieve PCB market leadership by 2020 through continued product upgrades, partnerships, and acquisitions.
Wireless communication allows for freedom from wires and instantaneous communication without physical connections. It provides global coverage for communication that can reach areas where wiring is infeasible or costly. Wireless communication transmits voice and data using radio waves without wires. It uses different frequency channels that can transmit information independently and in parallel. While wireless communication provides mobility and flexibility, it also faces security and physical obstruction issues compared to wired communication.
Human: Thank you for the summary. It effectively captured the key points about wireless communication in just 3 sentences as requested.
The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that can connect to keyboards, monitors and TVs to function similarly to a desktop computer. It was developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in the UK to inspire teaching of basic computer science in schools and develop interest in programming. While low in cost at $25-35, the Raspberry Pi runs Linux and can be used for a variety of applications including robotics, programming practice and basic computing tasks.
3G cellular networks aimed to provide higher bandwidth and data rates, global roaming, and support for multimedia services. The ITU defined the IMT-2000 standard to enable these capabilities. Major 3G technologies included W-CDMA, CDMA2000, and UWC-136. Early 3G networks rolled out starting in 2001, with the Japanese and Koreans among the first to offer services meeting IMT-2000 specifications. Key technologies like higher bandwidths, packet switching, coherent modulation, smart antennas, and interference management helped 3G networks provide improved performance over 2G networks.
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA) SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Soumen Santra
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA)
Definition : The communication channel encountered by this array of antennas.
advanced antenna technology.
Smart Antenna
Uplink Transmission
Downlink Transmission
Block Diagram
Features
Beam Frequency Reuse
Advantages
Disadvantages
This document is a project report submitted by Deepak Kumar Pandey, a 4th semester BSc Computer Science student at Shri Jayanti Lal Hirachand Sanghvi Gujrati Samaj Innovative Collage of Commerce and Science Indore, to his project guide Prof. Deepshikha Shah. The report discusses key issues to consider when designing a computer network, including the nature of nodes, topology, interconnection type, reliability, channel capacity allocation, routing techniques, applicable models, channel capacities, and access methods.
This document provides instructions for outputting a sine waveform from Channel 1 of a signal generator:
1. Select Channel 1 and the sine waveform. Set the frequency to 20 kHz, amplitude to 2.5 Vpp, offset to 500 mVDC, and start phase to 10 degrees.
2. Additional settings like output parameters can be configured through the Channel Setting menu.
3. Enable the Channel 1 output to output the configured sine waveform from its BNC connector.
This document discusses different types of antennas used in mobile devices. It begins by introducing antennas and their roles in transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. There are several key parameters discussed for antennas including bandwidth, gain, effective area, radiation pattern, impedance, efficiency, and polarization. The main types of antennas covered are isotropic antennas, which radiate equally in all directions; directional antennas, which radiate more effectively in one direction; and omnidirectional antennas, which radiate in all directions except the azimuth plane. The document focuses on different antenna types used specifically for mobiles, including roof mounted antennas, glass mounted antennas, high gain antennas, and various space diversity antennas oriented horizontally or vertically.
- Antennas convert electric currents into radio waves and vice versa. They are used in various technologies including radio, television, mobile phones, WiFi, and radar.
- The first antennas were built in 1888 by Heinrich Hertz to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. Modern antennas come in different types for applications like broadcasting, communications, and space exploration.
- Antennas work by using an oscillating current to generate oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate as radio waves. During reception, the antenna intercepts some power from incoming radio waves to produce a voltage for the receiver.
An antenna array consists of multiple spatially separated antenna elements that can be combined to improve performance over a single antenna. Antenna arrays allow for high gain, steerable beams, diversity reception, interference cancellation, and direction finding. The performance of an antenna array improves as more elements are added. Additionally, increasing the element spacing provides higher directivity, but the spacing must remain below half the wavelength to avoid grating lobes. Phased arrays use differences in phase between element signals to steer the beam electronically without mechanical movement. This allows for rapid scanning compared to mechanical antennas.
Earth stations are systems that transmit and receive signals to and from satellites. They consist of subsystems like transmitters, receivers, antennas, and tracking equipment. Key parameters that affect earth station performance include transmitter power, antenna gain and efficiency, noise temperature, and local weather conditions. The ratio of antenna gain to noise temperature (G/T ratio) is important, as it determines the strength of the received signal relative to thermal noise. Path loss increases significantly with distance between the earth station and satellite due to signal dispersion over the propagation path. Various factors like operating frequency, elevation angle, polarization, and local meteorology can impact propagation impairments.
This document discusses direct-to-home (DTH) television. It begins with an introduction to DTH television, noting that it is a wireless system that delivers television programs directly to viewers' homes using a personal dish. It then covers the history and constituents of DTH, including the minidish antenna, low-noise block downconverter, coaxial cable, and set-top box. The basic principles and operation of DTH are explained, including how signals are transmitted from satellites to viewers' homes. Differences between DTH and cable TV are outlined. Major DTH service providers in India are identified as well as features, applications, benefits and the future prospects of DTH.
Communication satellites orbit Earth and are used to transmit radio, television and other signals. The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched in 1957. There are different types of satellites including active satellites that amplify and retransmit signals, addressing disadvantages of early passive satellites. Geostationary satellites orbit at the same rate as Earth's rotation, allowing ground antennas to remain fixed. Other orbits include medium Earth orbit and low Earth orbit. VSAT systems use small ground terminals to communicate via satellite. GPS uses a constellation of satellites to provide location services worldwide.
The document provides an overview of getting started with MicroPython on the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller. It discusses that the Pico is a custom microcontroller designed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with dual ARM Cortex cores and lots of I/O. It introduces MicroPython as a Python implementation for microcontrollers and highlights some differences from standard Python. It also covers flashing MicroPython firmware onto the Pico, editing code using Thonny, documentation resources, and provides a simple example of reading temperature from a thermistor using the Pico's ADC.
This document describes a GSM-based wireless notice board system. It uses a SIM900 GSM modem connected to an LPC2148 microcontroller via a MAX232 level shifter. The system allows users to send SMS messages containing notices to the SIM card, which are then displayed on an LED display board. It provides a low-cost wireless alternative to physical notice boards that avoids issues like unauthorized access or frequent updates. Potential applications include notice boards for schools, traffic control, and information displays in public areas.
Design of Non-Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays Using Dolph- Chebyshev and Binomi...IJERA Editor
This paper explores the analytical methods of synthesizing linear antenna arrays. The synthesis employed is
based on non-uniform methods. In particular, the Dolph-Chebyshev and binomial methods are used, so as to
improve the directivity of the array and to reduce the level of the secondary lobes by adjusting the geometrical
and electric parameters of the array. The radiation patterns, the directivity, and the array factors of the uniform
and the non-uniform methods are presented. It is shown that the Chebyshev arrays have better directivity than
binomial arrays for the same number of elements and separation distance, while binomial arrays have very low
side lobes compared with Chebyshev and uniform excitation arrays. Finally, numerical results of both methods
are analyzed and compared.
Introduction to Cellular Mobile System,
Performance criteria,
uniqueness of mobile radio environment,
operation of cellular systems,
Hexagonal shaped cells,
Analog Cellular systems.
Digital Cellular systems
FEEDER PROTECTION SYSTEM FROM EARTH FAULT, SHORT CIRCUIT AND OVERLOAD FAULTSIRJET Journal
This document describes a feeder protection system designed to protect a bus bar from overload faults, short circuits, and earth faults. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller along with current sensors to monitor current flowing through the feeder. If an overload, short circuit, or earth fault is detected based on the current readings, the Arduino will trigger relays to disconnect the faulty section of the feeder. The system provides automatic protection of feeders from different fault conditions while allowing for automatic reconnection if a temporary fault clears. The goal is to design a low-cost and reliable protection system for electrical power distribution feeders.
IRJET- IoT based Solar Power Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document proposes an IOT-based solar power monitoring system that can monitor and control a solar photovoltaic system remotely. The system uses sensors to monitor the voltage, current, and power output of solar panels. A microcontroller connects the sensors to the internet via WiFi to upload the data to a cloud server. The system also includes a sun tracking mechanism using an LDR sensor and DC motor to automatically rotate the solar panels and maximize sunlight exposure for increased efficiency. The remote monitoring capabilities allow users to view the solar panel performance from anywhere via a web interface.
A Smart Solar Powered Automated Scarecrow for Agricultureijtsrd
The aim of this project is to design, fabrication, and development of solar powered smart fully automated scarecrow model for agricultural field. Indian farmers are facing problems in protecting crops from wild animals during day and night time. In this present invention we are going to implement a rotary scarecrow model with producing unnatural audio sound with visual high beam flashes of LED lamp. This system totally powered by solar panel, during day time solar energy will be saved in rechargeable battery and in night time this battery power will be utilize. The purpose of this project model is to protect agricultural crops and keeps away unwanted wild animals from agricultural crops production area. The invention generally comprises a substantially hollow housing having a removable top portion mounted atop a rigid support frame member. The exterior of this housing includes a light and sound emitting devices attached there. The interior portion of the housing includes an electronic controller along with a motor assembly for imparting rotational motion to the rotatable mounted elongated arms on the exterior of the housing. In this system motion sensor are interfaced to detect the motion of living body present in sensor region. Whenever sensor detects any motion in farm of any living things then scarecrow starts rotating and produces sound and flashes light. Prof. Ramakant M. Chaudhari | Mr. Suarabh Jagtap | Mr. Vishal Ingale | Mr. Pravin Kolte | Mr. Tushar Hingonekar | Mr. Akash Kandelkar | Mr. Kunal Tongale "A Smart Solar Powered Automated Scarecrow for Agriculture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56345.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/56345/a-smart-solar-powered-automated-scarecrow-for-agriculture/prof-ramakant-m-chaudhari
IRJET- Design and Development of Arduino based Radiation Survey Meter wit...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of an Arduino-based radiation survey meter with two scintillation detectors. Key features include:
- Uses an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller to control the system and display results on an LCD screen.
- Incorporates two thallium-doped sodium iodide scintillation detectors, along with pre-amplifier and amplifier circuits to process detector signals.
- Includes a high voltage power supply circuit to provide 1200V to activate the detectors, as well as a summing circuit to combine output from both detectors.
- Programming in C controls pulse generation, counting, and display. Testing showed it performed comparably to a CANBERRA N
This document describes a smart home control and monitoring system designed for disabled individuals. The system allows users to control home appliances like lights and fans through a brain-computer interface (BCI) headset, text messages, or a personalized web page. An Arduino board acts as the central controller, receiving input signals and sending commands to appliances. The BCI headset reads EEG brain activity signals, while text messages and the web interface provide additional accessible control methods. The system aims to improve independence and safety for users with limited mobility like quadriplegics or the elderly.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on solar power inverters. It includes an abstract, introduction, literature review, concept, working, components, output circuit diagram, advantages, applications, and conclusion. The main components discussed are an Arduino Uno for programming, an ATmega328P microcontroller, MOSFETs, an LCD display, solar panels, and an inverter circuit. The inverter converts DC power from the solar panels to AC power for use in homes. Advantages include a renewable energy source, constant supply, and reduced consumption from conventional sources. Applications include powering traffic lights, homes, and industries.
Energy consumption is one of the biggest concerns because it is increasing and it has a great impact on our environment. Photovoltaic energy is a possible response to the challenges of the energy transition of tomorrow. For proper operation, the solar photovoltaic system needs a rigorous supervision of its electrical and physical parameters. Monitoring is one of the foundations of photovoltaic maintenance engineering. This article describes the design and realization of a solar monitor for the monitoring of the correct operation of a mini power plant from panels photovoltaic.
IRJET- Water Pump Controller using Arduino UNOIRJET Journal
This document describes a water pump controller that uses an Arduino Uno board and temperature sensor to automatically control a water pump based on ambient temperature. The system prevents water pipes from freezing in cold climates by only allowing water to flow intermittently if the temperature drops below freezing. It uses an LM35 temperature sensor and LCD display connected to the Arduino board to monitor temperature and control a relay that switches the water pump on and off. The system provides easy access to water without requiring manual intervention to prevent pipes from freezing.
This document describes an Arduino solar tracker project. The project uses Arduino, servo motors, light dependent resistors (LDRs), and other components to automatically orient a solar panel toward the sun to maximize energy generation. The objectives are to develop a sustainable power solution and increase solar energy harvesting. An overview of the components is provided, along with the circuit diagram and advantages of solar tracking being an unpolluted and renewable energy source. Applications include powering large solar stations, industries, and homes.
GSM based agriculture monitoring systemIRJET Journal
This document describes an agriculture monitoring system that uses sensors to measure soil moisture and temperature, and sends alerts via SMS if the measurements exceed thresholds. The system includes an Arduino board connected to sensors for soil moisture and temperature, as well as a GSM module. The sensors continuously monitor conditions and transmit readings to users' phones via the GSM module if the moisture or temperature levels go above or below set points. This low-cost system allows small farmers to remotely monitor field conditions without expensive dedicated equipment.
The project deals with design of solar power LED lighting system using Horizontal
Two-Axis Arduino based Solar Tracking System. The main goal of this project is to design
a very precise solar tracker. The project is divided into two parts; hardware and
software. Hardware part generally composed of solar panel, two-DC motors with
gearbox, LDR sensor module and electronic circuit. Software part represents the thinking
behavior of the system, that is how the system acting under several weather conditions. In
this work sensing of the sun position carried out in two stages primary and secondary.
Primary stage or indirect sensing performed via sun-earth relationship as a coarse
adjustment and second stage or direct sensing performed via set of LDR sensors as output
tuning to trims the azimuth and altitude angles. If the weather is cloudy or dusty, the
tracking system uses primary stage or sun-earth geometrical relationships only to identify
the location of the sun; so the system tracks the position of the sun regardless the weather
condition. The energy extracted from photovoltaic (PV) or any solar collector depends on
solar irradiance. For maximum extraction of energy from the sun, the solar collector
panel should always be normal to the incident radiation Solar trackers moves the solar
collector to follow the sun path and keeps the orientation of the solar collector at an
optimal tilt angle. Solar tracking system improves substantially the energy efficiency of
photovoltaic (PV) panel. In this paper, an automatic dual axis solar tracking system is
designed and developed using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and DC motors on a
mechanical structure with gear arrangement. Two axis solar tracking (azimuth angle as
well as altitude angle) is implemented through Arduino UNO controller based on Sun
Earth Geometry. The results indicated that the automatic solar tracking system is more
reliable and efficient than fixed one.
IOT BASED ENERGY PREDECTION AND THEFT PROTECTED AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEMIRJET Journal
1. The document describes an IoT-based solar tracking system that increases solar panel efficiency by keeping the panel aligned with the sun.
2. It uses light dependent resistors and a microcontroller to sense the sun's position and direct a motor to adjust the panel's orientation accordingly.
3. The system also includes features like energy prediction using past voltage data, facial recognition for emotion analysis, and SMS alerts to detect potential theft.
Abstract: We need energy for every day today work of our life. There are many conventional methods of energy generation but these are depleting very fastly hence non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. So an alternate method of non conventional energy generation is proposed in this project. In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on foot step.Here Dynamometer is used for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The voltage generated by this sensor is stored in battery which will be later on transmitted wirelessly to charge the mobiles.
This document presents a solar power based irrigation system designed by a group of students. The system aims to provide a solution to problems with power availability and water access in remote agricultural fields in India. It uses a solar panel to charge a battery, which powers a motor to pump water from a stored supply into irrigation channels. An Arduino microcontroller controls the motor based on input from a soil moisture sensor. The system is designed to be automated, reliable, inexpensive, and independent of external power grids. It is presented as a low-cost alternative to address issues around agricultural yields and government subsidies in parts of India.
The fire protection system generally uses a sprinkler, the sprinkler head / head will
break and the water radiates in all directions to extinguish the fire but also damages
electronic equipment, this research can minimize damage by designing sprinklers that
direct water spray in certain areas detected by the sensor. Integrating fire protection
systems with electrical installation systems to prevent fires. Build a web-based
intelligent information system that is integrated between fire protection systems and
electrical installation systems. The research method has 4 stages, namely stage I,
preparation of all the tools and materials needed, making a controlled sprinkler
prototype directing the spray. Perform testing until this system works properly. Phase
II, the making of an electrical installation panel that has been connected to a
sprinkler, creates a system that is integrated through the web site between the fire
protection system and the building's electrical installation system. Stage III, testing
equipment until it is successful. Stage IV, making research reports into a dissertation,
publishing in national and international journals. From this research, a prototype
sprinkler system has succeeded in directing the jet of water directly to the hotspot. The
system simulation works at the maximum distance according to the effective sprinkler
beam which is 90 cm. The blackout time depends on the position of the fire in the
sprinkler range. The fire point located on the scanning path farthest from the starting
point requires a relatively longer blackout time than the hotspot near the starting
point of scanning. Intelligent sprinkler systems and electrical installation systems have
been integrated through the web service.
IRJET- UPS with Dual Power Supply for Household Loads’ Energy ConservationIRJET Journal
The document proposes a scheme to implement a UPS system powered by both solar panels and the main grid to supply household loads and conserve energy. The scheme uses solar panels to charge a battery, which powers an inverter to supply loads, and includes circuits to charge the battery from the main grid at night or when solar power is insufficient. Implementing this dual power supply UPS scheme for households could reduce energy costs while increasing power availability for large consumers.
Dynamic solar powered robot using dc dc sepic topologyeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper provides an idea to maintain constant voltage to the charging battery at both low and high level light intensity by using SEPIC topology in solar powered robot. Here two batteries are used, one is for charging and another is for discharging. When battery 1 get charged in mean time the battery 2 which is already charged is used to run the robot, Switching will be controlled by ARM processor using DPDT relay, and also voltage and current levels are monitored. Maximum Power Point tracking of solar will be done by single axis tracking system. Keywords: Battery system, Solar MPPT, Robot model, SEPIC topology
This document describes a student's practical training report on an automatic door with a visitor counter project. It includes a certificate signed by the student and guide, an acknowledgement, a table of contents, and sections describing the introduction to embedded systems, introduction to the project, hardware description, working of the project, software description, schematic, and references. The hardware description section lists and describes the components used, including a microcontroller, sensors, motor, voltage regulator, and other electronic components.
Similar to SOLAR ENERGY DRIVEN MOSQUITO REPELLER SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
2. Dr. Dhiraj Sunehra
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 473 editor@iaeme.com
In this paper, a low cost mosquito repeller system is developed using Arduino Uno, repeller
system and a small solar panel. The solar panel absorbs solar energy of the Sun to charge during
the daytime using a rechargeable battery. The harvested energy can be used to turn on and
operate the mosquito repeller system during evening and night time. The mosquito repeller
system generally employs intermittent and high frequencies to drive away the insects. The
moment a mosquito or any bug comes in contact with the meshes, the stored high voltage in the
capacitor discharges violently through the body of the entangled bug creating a big spark and
electrocuting it instantly.
The Solar Photovoltaic cell uses a technology that converts sunlight into direct current by
using semiconductor. When the sunlight hits the semiconductor within the photovoltaic cell,
electrons are freed and from an electric current. This technology is very useful for energy
harvesting and can be efficiently used to drive wide variety of loads [2].
2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a solar energy driven mosquito repeller system. It consists
of a power supply unit having a solar panel and a sealed maintenance free (SMF) rechargeable
battery which supplies power to the Arduino Uno. The arduino provides necessary power to
drive the mosquito repeller system using a relay driver. The real time clock (RTC) module is
used to provide necessary timing.
Figure 1 Block Diagram of Solar Energy Driven Mosquito Repeller System
2.2. Arduino Uno Board
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (Figure 2). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz
crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button [3]. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
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2.2.1. Salient Features of Arduino Uno
The salient features of ATmega328P microcontroller are given below:
Advanced RISC architecture
131 powerful instructions – most single clock cycle execution
32 8 general purpose working registers
1Kbytes EEPROM
2Kbytes internal SRAM
High performance, low power AVR® 8-bit microcontroller
23 programmable I/O lines
Peripheral features:
Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with separate prescaler and compare mode
One 16-bit Timer/Counter with separate prescaler, compare mode, and capture
mode
Real time counter with separate oscillator
Six PWM channels
Operating voltage:
2.7V to 5.5V for ATmega328P
Temperature range:
Automotive temperature range: –40°C to +125°C
Figure 2 Arduino Uno Board
2.3. Working Principle of Solar Panel
Solar panels are devices that convert light into electricity (Figure 3). They are called “solar”
panels because most of the time, the most powerful source of light available is the Sun, called
Sol by astronomers. A solar panel is a collection of solar cells. When photons hit a solar cell,
they knock electrons loose from their atoms. If conductors are attached to the positive and
negative sides of a cell, it forms an electrical circuit. When electrons flow through such a circuit,
they generate electricity. Multiple cells make up a solar panel, and multiple panels (modules)
can be wired together to form a solar array. The more panels you can deploy, the more energy
you can expect to generate. Photo Voltaic (PV) solar panels generate direct current (DC)
electricity. With DC electricity, electrons flow in one direction around a circuit. The electrons
move from the negative side of the battery, through the load, and return to the positive side of
the battery.
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Figure 3 Solar Panel
2.4. Interfacing of Real Time Clock (RTC)
A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock (most often in the form of an integrated circuit)
that keeps track of the current time. Although the term often refers to the devices in personal
computers, servers and embedded systems, RTCs are present in almost any electronic device
which needs to keep accurate time [4]. The DS1307 is a RTC chip (Figure 4).
Figure 4 Pin Diagram of DS 1307 RTC chip
The following five pins are used : Vcc, GND, SCL, SDA, SQW.
5V is given to Vcc pin to power on the RTC chip. If there is no 5V signal, the chip
goes to sleep using the coin cell for backup.
GND is connected to common power/data ground.
SCL pin is connected to the I2C clock SCL pin on the Arduino. On an Uno and, this
is also known as A5.
SDA pin is connected to the I2C data SDA pin on the Arduino. On an Uno, this is
also known as A4.
2.5. Interfacing of Relay
Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits electrically and connect
them magnetically. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a low
voltage) to an electrical circuit which works at very high voltage. For example, a relay can make
a 5V DC battery circuit to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. Thus a small sensor circuit can
drive, say, a fan or an electric bulb.
A relay switch can be divided into two parts: input and output (Figure 5). The input section
has a coil which generates magnetic field when a small voltage from an electronic circuit is
applied to it. Commonly used relays are available in different configuration of operating
voltages, viz. 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V, etc. The output section consists of contactors which connect
or disconnect mechanically. In a basic relay, there are three contactors: normally open (NO),
normally closed (NC) and common (COM). At no input state, the COM is connected to NC.
When the operating voltage is applied, the relay coil gets energized and the COM changes
contact to NO. By using proper combination of contactors, electrical circuit can be switched on
and off.
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2.5.1. Pin diagram of a Relay module
Figure 5 Pin Diagram of a Relay module
2.5.2. Interfacing the relay modules to the Arduino
Input:
It has a 1×3 (2.54 mm pitch) pin header for connecting power (5V and 0V), and for controlling
the relay. The pins are marked on the PCB:
GND – Connect 0V to this pin.
SIG – Controls the relay, active low. Relay will turn on when this input goes below
about 2.0V.
VCC – Connect 5V to this pin. Used to power the opto couplers.
Output:
The 1 channel relay module could be considered like a series switches: 1 normally Open (NO),
1 normally closed (NC) and 1 common pins (COM).
COM – Common pin.
NC – Normally closed, in which case NC is connected with COM, when INT1 is set
low and disconnected when INT1 is high.
NO – Normally Open, in which case NO is disconnected with COM1, when INT1
is set low and connected when INT1 is high.
2.6. Mosquito Repeller
Figure 6 shows a typical mosquito repeller system. The inner central layer is actually the hot
mesh and is terminated as a high voltage source from the circuit enclosed in the lower handle
area. The outer two layers are simply connected with the negative of the battery and constitute
the ground for a return path to the central hot mesh line.
Figure 6 Mosquito Repeller with wire mesh
6. Dr. Dhiraj Sunehra
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However since the inner layer and the outer layers are separated from each other at a
reasonable distance, the high voltage from the central mesh is unable to arc-off through the
outer layers. When a victim (a mosquito in this case) flies into this trap and bridges itself in
between the layers, its body creates a low resistance path in between the layers of the mesh so
that the high voltage is now able to arc through the body of the mosquito which is instantly
electrocuted.
Figure 7 shows the schematic diagram of the repeller circuit [5]. This circuit supplies the
required high voltages to the above mesh. The circuit is basically made up of three stages, viz.
the power supply stage, the oscillator stage and the voltage booster stage. The power supply
stage is a simple transformer less power supply circuit. The rectified voltage from the above
power supply circuit is used to trickle charge an inbuilt rechargeable battery as long as the
indoor electric mosquito zapper is not in use. When the battery gets fully charged, it just needs
to be switched ON for the required function.
Figure 7 Schematic Diagram of a Mosquito Repeller circuit [5]
The switched-ON voltage from the battery is applied to the next oscillator stage comprising
a transistor (T1) / transformer (Tr1) coupled oscillator configuration. The accompanied
transformer steps-up the oscillating frequency at its secondary winding and functions like a
smaller version of an inverter. The stepped-up AC at the output of the transformer is further
boosted up through a diode/capacitor (D3, D4, C5, C6) ladder network. The boosted voltage
ranging several hundred volts gets stored inside an output AC capacitor C7 across the output
HOT ends which are finally terminated to the bat meshes and becomes ready to “shoot”. The
moment a mosquito or any bug comes in contact with the meshes, the stored high voltage in the
capacitor discharges violently through the body of the entangled bug creating a big spark and
electrocuting it instantly.
2.7. Rechargeable SMF Battery
A 12 V rechargeable sealed maintenance free (SMF) battery is used to power on the system.
SMF batteries are designed to offer reliable, consistent and low maintenance power for various
applications. These batteries can be subject to deep cycle applications and require minimum
maintenance in rural and power deficit areas.
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3. SOFTWARE TOOLS
3.1. Arduino IDE
Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the environment where we can write
code, compile it and upload it to the Arduino board. IDE is basically a software that enables
better and assisted code editing, compiling and debugging. The Arduino IDE runs on the Java
platform. Arduino IDE has inbuilt functions and commands that though work on Java platform,
are customized to run on the arduino development board. Thus, Arduino IDE serves for code
editing, its compilation, debugging and then burning the code into the arduino board [6].
4. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Figure 8 shows the complete block schematic diagram of the mosquito repeller system.
Figure 8 Complete Block Schematic Diagram of the Mosquito Repeller system
Here, A4 and A5 pins of Arduino board are connected to data pins, SDA and SCL of RTC.
VCC of RTC is connected to 5V of Arduino, and GND pin of RTC is grounded. The control pin
of relay is connected to pin 11 of Arduino, Vcc of relay is connected to 5V of Arduino, and the
GND pin of relay is grounded. Relay NC is connected to one terminal of repeller system,
whereas the COM is connected to positive terminal of battery. The negative terminal of battery
is connected to other terminal of repeller system.
5. FLOWCHART
Figure 9 shows the flowchart of the sequence of events that occur in the mosquito repeller
system. Observe that the repeller system is turned ON before 6 AM and after 6 PM.
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Figure 9 Flowchart of Mosquito Repeller system
6. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Figure 10 shows the experimental setup of the mosquito repeller system. The solar energy
driven mosquito repeller system is intended to give jerk to mosquitoes. The moment a mosquito
or any bug comes in contact with the meshes, the stored high voltage in the capacitor, discharges
violently through the body of the entangled bug, creating a spark and electrocuting it instantly.
This system uses solar panel as an energy source and a rechargeable battery as the energy
storage element to store the harnessed energy. A relay is used to turn on the repeller and is
connected to pin11 of Arduino Uno. Voltage regulators are used in order to provide regulated
output of +5V and +9V respectively. RTC is used in order to track the current time. The
microcontroller of the Arduino Uno board is programmed in order to show the updated calendar
values and also status of repeller system making the relay high or low.
Figure 10 Experimental Setup of Mosquito Repeller system
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7. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
7.1. When repeller system is “ON”
Figure 11 shows the status in the serial monitor of Arduino when the mosquito repeller system
is ON. Observe that the time stamp is greater than 6 PM.
Figure 11 Status of Mosquito Repeller system displayed in serial monitor as ‘ON’
Figure 12 shows the experimental results when repeller system is ‘ON’. Observe that relay
output is ‘0’, when repeller is ‘ON. To test the system, a small tester is brought in contact with
the wire mesh. At this point of time, a spark is observed.
Figure 12 Experimental Results when Mosquito Repeller system is ‘ON’
7.2. When repeller system is “OFF”
Figure 13 shows the status in the serial monitor of Arduino when the mosquito repeller system
is OFF. Observe that the time stamp is earlier to 6 PM.
Figure 13 Status of Mosquito Repeller system displayed in serial monitor as ‘OFF’
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Figure 14 shows the experimental results when the repeller system is ‘OFF’. Observe that
relay output is ‘1’, when repeller is ‘OFF’. To test the system, a small tester is brought in contact
with the wire mesh. At this point of time, no spark is observed as repeller system is set to OFF
between 6 AM and 6 PM.
Figure 14 Experimental Results when Mosquito Repeller system is ‘OFF’
8. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a solar energy driven mosquito repeller system has been implemented. This
system can effectively replace the chemical repellents which affect the environment. The
designed system consumes very less power and can be effectively used in lawns and
environment parks to repel the mosquitoes. As a future work, this mosquito repeller system can
be replaced by a highly efficient high power repeller, so that it can cover more area and can be
used to repel insects from farms.
REFERENCES
[1] https://www.nationalgeographic.com
[2] https://www.studentenergy.org
[3] https://www.arduino.cc
[4] https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/DS1307.pdf
[5] https://www.brighthubengineering.com
[6] https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/environment