This document discusses waterlogged soils, their properties, distribution, impacts on agriculture, and management strategies. It defines waterlogged soils as soils that are saturated with water for long periods annually, resulting in distinct soil layers. Common types include riverine flood, oceanic flood, seasonal, perennial, and sub-soil waterlogging. Factors like rainfall, irrigation, drainage, topography, and groundwater levels can lead to waterlogging. The document then outlines the physical, chemical, and biological properties of waterlogged soils. It also discusses the global distribution of waterlogged soils and some major regions before detailing approaches to manage waterlogging issues in agriculture.
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
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Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
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Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Soil water conservation methods in agricultureVaishali Sharma
This presentation includes introduction as well as all the methods in agriculture either engineering or agronomic measures used in conservation of soil and water against erosion or other deteriorative factors.
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Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
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In this topic, water which is as much as essential as soil was discussed and we’ll see how the soil, plant and water interact with each other and have a sustainable agricultural knowledge in producing staple food.
Land is a complex, multi-component natural entity that becomes a resource base when used for a specific purpose or purposes. Land degradation is a concept in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by one or more combination of natural and human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is a temporary or Permanent decline in the productive capacity of land. It is also the reduction in the capability of the land to produce benefits from a particular land use under a specified form of land management. Major forms of land degradation are water and wind erosion, desertification and chemical erosion. Urban expansion is also a form of land degradation. Negative effects of land degradation affect heavily on environment and economy which is a cause of grave concern. Land degradation has significant costs, particularly in developing countries (Rosegrant and Ringler, 1991). It does not only reduces farm productivity affecting livelihood and regional economies, it also leads to reduced biodiversity. Land degradation in most developing countries is becoming a major constraint to future growth and development. About 40-75% of the world’s agricultural land’s productivity is reduced due to land degradation (IFPRI, 2001). Increased support for research and extension to increase crop yields is crucial to meeting the needs of a growing human population for food, biomass energy, fiber, and timber. There is a need to increase support to biodiversity preservation by alleviating pressure to convert remaining natural habitat to croplands. There is a need for more public investments to support SLM to slow land degradation.
Soil water conservation methods in agricultureVaishali Sharma
This presentation includes introduction as well as all the methods in agriculture either engineering or agronomic measures used in conservation of soil and water against erosion or other deteriorative factors.
Soils can process and hold considerable amount of water. They can take in water, and will keep doing so until they are full, or until the rate at which they can transmit water into and through the pores is exceeded. Some of this water will steadily drain through the soil (via gravity) and end up in the waterways and streams, but much of it will be retained, despite the influence of gravity. Much of this retained water can be used by plants and other organisms, thus contributing to land productivity and soil health.
Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
This is presentation on topic of Conservation Tillage, it gives You information about conservation tillage, types of conservation tillage, Practices used in conservation tillage. It enhanced Your knowledge about conservation tillage.
In this topic, water which is as much as essential as soil was discussed and we’ll see how the soil, plant and water interact with each other and have a sustainable agricultural knowledge in producing staple food.
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1. INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
‘’Water logged soils, chemistry & their management’’
Rural Agricultural Work Experience
SSC-411(0+4)
Presented by:-
Kumar Harsh
01-09-2018
1
2. ՙ No grain is ever produced without water, but
too much water tends to spoil the grain and
inundation is as injurious to growth as
dearth of water ՚
- Narada Smriti
01-09-2018
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5. Waterlogged Soil
Waterlogged soils are soils that are saturated with water for a sufficiently
long time ‘annually’ to give the soil the distinctive gley horizons resulting
from oxidation-reduction processes:
(a) a partially oxidized A horizon high in organic matter,
(b) a mottled zone in which oxidation and reduction alternate, and
(c) a permanently reduced zone which is bluish green.
-Robinson (1949)01-09-2018
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8. Factors affecting formation of waterlogged soil
1. Climatological : Rainfall and Flood water
2. Irrigation : Uncontrolled, Unwanted
3. Drainage : Poor drainage
4. Topography : Depressed land
5. Land shape : Saucer shaped land become waterlogged
6. Height of ground water table: Higher ground water table 01-09-2018
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9. Characteristics of waterlogged soils
Greater amount of soil solution
Reduced oxygen level
Reduced aerobic microbial activity
An altered chemical status of soil
01-09-2018
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10. Distribution of waterlogged soil
Submerged soils covers 5% to 7% of earth land surface.
The total global waterlogged soil is approx. 700 to 1000 Mha.
North America and Russia (34% of total area),
Tropical swamps, (14%)
Tropical flood plains (10%);
Temperate and tropical rice fields (4% & 12%).
Guy Kirk (2004)
Distribution of waterlogged soil
USDA
INDIA
WATERLOGGED SOIL
MAJOR
WATERLOGGED SOIL
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11. Properties of waterlogged soil
Waterlogged soil
Physical
a) Oxygen depletion
b) Co2 accumulation
Electro-chemical
a) Soil pH
b) dec. Eh
Biological
a) Reduced aerobic
microbial activity
b) Mineralization
c)Immobilization
Chemical
a) Soil reduction
b) Micronutrient
toxicity
01-09-2018
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27. Management of waterlogged soil
1. Levelling of land
2. Mechanical drainage
3. Controlled irrigation
4. Flood control measures
5. Plantation of trees having high transpiration rate
6. Check the seepage in the canals and irrigation channels
7. Selection of crops and their proper varieties
8. Sowing on bunds or ridges
9. Nutrient management
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38. Conclusion
1. Waterlogging effects physical, chemical, electro-chemical & biological properties
of soil such as; Eh( ), neutralization of soil pH, N P K deficiency and
micronutrient toxicity.
2. Waterlogging can be efficiently control by forming different land configuration,
mechanical as well as bio-drainage, controlling irrigation and different flood
control measures.
3. Study of interactions of microbes and different soil constituents in waterlogged
soil provides a better understanding and further management techniques.
4. New methods should be innovated to control the ground water recharge from
different water sources.
5. INM, and improved package of cultivation practices reduces the loss.
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