This document introduces Habibur Rahman and their student ID number. It then discusses surface active substances, including their definition and how they lower the surface tension of water. It classifies surface active agents into four categories: cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, and non-ionic. Soap is introduced as a sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acids. Soaps are classified as hard, soft, or insoluble. Hard soap is moderately soluble in water, soft soap dissolves in water, and insoluble soap is used as a lubricant. The cleaning action of soap is explained by how the hydrophobic tail dissolves in grease/oil/dirt while the hydrophilic head dissolves

1. WELC ME

2. Introduce myself
Habibur rahman
ID no- 20120107042
Dept. of ACCE,BSMRSTU

3. Surface active
substance, Cleaning
action of Soap and
Manufacture of soap

4. Surface Active Substance
Surface active substance
is a substance which lower
the surface tension of
water known as Surface
active substance.

5. Classification of Surface Active agent
Cationic
Anionic
Zwitterionic
Non-ionic

6. Classification of Surface Active agent
Cationic
 A positive charge head
 cationic agent --N(CH3)3
+.
Anionic
 Anion functional group --OSO3
Zwitterionic
 It has both anionic and cationic agent --N+(CH3)2CH2COO
Non-ionic
 There is no charge geoup --(OCH2CH2)nOH

7. Soap

8. Soap
Sodium or Potassium salt of higher fatty acid.

9. Classification of Soap
 Hard soap
 Soft soap
 Insoluble soap

10. Soap
Hard soap
 Na- salt
 Moderately soluble in water
 Example- Aleppo soap, Castile
soap, and Marseille soap
Soft soap
 Potassium salt
 First dissolve in water
 Example- Shampoo and Liquid
hand wash

11. Soap
Insoluble soap
 Ca/Mg-salt
 Use as lubricants and dries in paint industry
CH2 COOR
CH COOR + Ca(OH)2/Mg(OH)2
CH2 COOR
CH2 OH
CH OH
CH2 OH
+ (RCOO) Mg/Ca
Fat/Oil
(Ca or Mg hydroxide)
Insoluble soap
Glycerol

12. Cleaning action of soap

13. Cleaning action of soap
Hydrophobic tail dissolve
in Grease or oil or dirt
substance. Hydrophilic
head dissolve in water.

14. Manufacture of soap
Manufacture of soap
Hot process Cold process
Batch process
Continuous
process

15. RAW MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING SOAP
 Rosin
 Glyceride
 Caustic soda
 Sodium chloride or
common salt
 Binding material
 Fillers
Clo-ring material
Perfume
Super fatting agent
Disinfectants
Germicide

16. Fat or oil
Blend Tank
Hot water
Hydrolyzer
Flash Tank
Heat
exchanger
High
vaccum
still
Bottom
for
recovery
Crude
Glyceride
Condenser
Distillate
for
receiver
Mixer
neutralizer
Soap storage
Soap Bar
finishing
Soap flask
powder etc
Hot pressure
pump
Heat
exchanger
Flask Tank
Freezer
cutter
stamper
H2O
Catalyst
ZnO
Steam
steam
steam
Fig: Manufacture of soap by continuous process
Air
NaOH

17. Do you have any question????????????