The document discusses the development of a smart solar energy system to power traffic lights in remote, off-grid areas of Saudi Arabia. The system uses solar panels as the primary power source, charging lead-acid batteries to store energy for when the sun is not shining. An Arduino microcontroller is used to control the traffic light sequence based on inputs from infrared sensors that detect vehicle and pedestrian traffic flow. This smart solar energy system provides a sustainable and cost-effective way to power traffic infrastructure while reducing carbon emissions.
Solar roadways are proposed as a way to generate renewable energy from roads and other surfaces like parking lots. The concept involves replacing traditional asphalt roads with solar panels that can withstand vehicle traffic while also converting sunlight into electricity. The system would be made up of three layers - a surface layer with solar cells, an electronics layer to detect vehicles and control lighting, and a base layer to distribute energy. The goal is to power infrastructure and provide electricity to buildings by installing these solar road panels widely. This could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing fossil fuel usage. However, high installation costs remain a challenge for implementing this technology on a large scale.
IRJET- Solar Roadways: A Significant Infrastructural ReformIRJET Journal
The document discusses solar roadways, which are solar panels designed to replace conventional asphalt roads. Solar roadways would generate renewable energy through solar power, helping to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. They are more durable than traditional roads and could pay for themselves over time by producing excess electricity for the grid. Implementing solar roadways on a major Indian highway could power the daily needs of an entire state and reduce air pollution by eliminating the need for certain power plants. However, the initial higher costs of solar roadways is a major disadvantage that could prevent adoption in less developed areas.
IRJET- Integrated Smart Highway for Efficient Utilization of Renewable En...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses an integrated smart highway system that utilizes solar and wind renewable energy sources.
2) Solar panels are used to pave the road surfaces and generate electricity. Vertical axis wind turbines installed on highway dividers also generate power from vehicle airflow.
3) The generated electricity is stored in batteries and used to charge electric vehicles and power automated street lights, providing efficient use of renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Fabrication of a Solar RoadwaysIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review of the design and fabrication of solar roadways. Some key points:
- Solar roadways involve replacing traditional asphalt roads with structurally engineered solar panels that can be driven on and generate electricity.
- This renewable energy could replace the need for fossil fuels currently used for electricity generation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Additional benefits include an intelligent road infrastructure, self-healing power grid eliminating fossil fuel needs, traffic detection/messaging, illuminated roads, and wireless electric vehicle charging.
- The review discusses the components of solar roadway systems including solar panels, base layers, batteries, LEDs, transformers, controllers, and wireless charging capabilities.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SOLSTICEX ECOS – Self-Engineered Solar EcosystemIRJET Journal
1) The document proposes a solution called SolsticeX Ecos, which is a self-engineered solar ecosystem that can be integrated with local public transport systems.
2) It involves redesigned solar panels that can adjust their angles using hydraulic motors and artificial intelligence to track the sun's movement and position themselves for maximum solar intensity.
3) The electricity generated would be stored on the vehicles and in a main battery at transport hubs. This would help power the vehicles, reduce pollution from fossil fuels, and save funds typically used for fuel costs.
The document discusses solar roadways, which are roads paved with solar panels that can generate electricity. It describes the concept of replacing traditional asphalt roads and parking lots with structured solar panels. Each panel has three layers - a top translucent road surface, a middle electronics layer to control lighting and power distribution, and a bottom base plate to transmit power. The document estimates that covering the roads and parking lots at VIT Chennai Campus with solar panels could generate over 6.5 GWh of electricity annually, offsetting the campus's energy needs. It also discusses challenges like high upfront costs, durability questions, and variability of sunlight, as well as benefits like job creation and reduced environmental impact.
IRJET- Literature Review on Smart Flower and Agricultural SystemIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a smart agricultural system that uses solar energy to power water pumps for irrigation. It uses solar panels, sensors, and a battery to power water pumps without the need for electricity.
2) The system uses an automatic solar tracker and sensors like light dependent resistors and moisture sensors to optimize the efficiency of the solar panels and control irrigation based on environmental conditions.
3) The solar energy is converted to electrical energy via photovoltaic cells and stored in a battery. This stored energy then powers water pumps for irrigation purposes in rural areas lacking electricity. The system provides a more economical and environmentally friendly alternative to diesel-powered pumps.
Solar roadways are proposed as a way to generate renewable energy from roads and other surfaces like parking lots. The concept involves replacing traditional asphalt roads with solar panels that can withstand vehicle traffic while also converting sunlight into electricity. The system would be made up of three layers - a surface layer with solar cells, an electronics layer to detect vehicles and control lighting, and a base layer to distribute energy. The goal is to power infrastructure and provide electricity to buildings by installing these solar road panels widely. This could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing fossil fuel usage. However, high installation costs remain a challenge for implementing this technology on a large scale.
IRJET- Solar Roadways: A Significant Infrastructural ReformIRJET Journal
The document discusses solar roadways, which are solar panels designed to replace conventional asphalt roads. Solar roadways would generate renewable energy through solar power, helping to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. They are more durable than traditional roads and could pay for themselves over time by producing excess electricity for the grid. Implementing solar roadways on a major Indian highway could power the daily needs of an entire state and reduce air pollution by eliminating the need for certain power plants. However, the initial higher costs of solar roadways is a major disadvantage that could prevent adoption in less developed areas.
IRJET- Integrated Smart Highway for Efficient Utilization of Renewable En...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses an integrated smart highway system that utilizes solar and wind renewable energy sources.
2) Solar panels are used to pave the road surfaces and generate electricity. Vertical axis wind turbines installed on highway dividers also generate power from vehicle airflow.
3) The generated electricity is stored in batteries and used to charge electric vehicles and power automated street lights, providing efficient use of renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Fabrication of a Solar RoadwaysIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review of the design and fabrication of solar roadways. Some key points:
- Solar roadways involve replacing traditional asphalt roads with structurally engineered solar panels that can be driven on and generate electricity.
- This renewable energy could replace the need for fossil fuels currently used for electricity generation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Additional benefits include an intelligent road infrastructure, self-healing power grid eliminating fossil fuel needs, traffic detection/messaging, illuminated roads, and wireless electric vehicle charging.
- The review discusses the components of solar roadway systems including solar panels, base layers, batteries, LEDs, transformers, controllers, and wireless charging capabilities.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SOLSTICEX ECOS – Self-Engineered Solar EcosystemIRJET Journal
1) The document proposes a solution called SolsticeX Ecos, which is a self-engineered solar ecosystem that can be integrated with local public transport systems.
2) It involves redesigned solar panels that can adjust their angles using hydraulic motors and artificial intelligence to track the sun's movement and position themselves for maximum solar intensity.
3) The electricity generated would be stored on the vehicles and in a main battery at transport hubs. This would help power the vehicles, reduce pollution from fossil fuels, and save funds typically used for fuel costs.
The document discusses solar roadways, which are roads paved with solar panels that can generate electricity. It describes the concept of replacing traditional asphalt roads and parking lots with structured solar panels. Each panel has three layers - a top translucent road surface, a middle electronics layer to control lighting and power distribution, and a bottom base plate to transmit power. The document estimates that covering the roads and parking lots at VIT Chennai Campus with solar panels could generate over 6.5 GWh of electricity annually, offsetting the campus's energy needs. It also discusses challenges like high upfront costs, durability questions, and variability of sunlight, as well as benefits like job creation and reduced environmental impact.
IRJET- Literature Review on Smart Flower and Agricultural SystemIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a smart agricultural system that uses solar energy to power water pumps for irrigation. It uses solar panels, sensors, and a battery to power water pumps without the need for electricity.
2) The system uses an automatic solar tracker and sensors like light dependent resistors and moisture sensors to optimize the efficiency of the solar panels and control irrigation based on environmental conditions.
3) The solar energy is converted to electrical energy via photovoltaic cells and stored in a battery. This stored energy then powers water pumps for irrigation purposes in rural areas lacking electricity. The system provides a more economical and environmentally friendly alternative to diesel-powered pumps.
IRJET- Efficient Power Utilization in Communication TowersIRJET Journal
This document proposes a framework called Green Radio Technology to improve the efficient use of power in cellular communication towers. Currently, towers operate continuously regardless of user traffic levels, wasting significant amounts of power. The proposed framework would dynamically switch towers on and off based on user frequency, keeping only one tower active during periods of low traffic to handle all communications while others remain idle. This approach aims to reduce both energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions from the towers. The document outlines the existing inefficient system, proposed Green Radio Technology approach, block diagram of the system, software implementation details, and methodology for dynamically switching towers and utilizing renewable energy sources like solar to power towers.
IRJET-Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Vehicles Charging Sta...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system using solar and wind energy to power an electric vehicle charging station and street lighting system. The system would use photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine to generate electricity, with a multilevel inverter to convert the DC power to AC and connect it to the electric grid. When renewable energy generation is insufficient, power would be drawn from the grid. The document provides background on hybrid renewable energy systems and the advantages they provide over individual solar or wind systems. It also outlines the major components of the proposed system and presents equations to calculate the power generated from the solar panels and wind turbine. The aim is to establish a reliable renewable energy source for the charging station and street lights
This document provides an overview of solar roadways, which are road surfaces that generate electricity through embedded solar panels. The concept involves replacing existing roads, highways, parking lots, and sidewalks with durable glass panels containing photovoltaic cells and LED lights. Advantages include producing renewable energy, powering electric vehicles, illuminating roads for safer driving, and integrating data transmission lines. Challenges include high maintenance costs and reduced efficiency in low sunlight periods.
The document summarizes a study of an optimal grid-integrated solar PV system. A hybrid system was modeled using HOMER software to integrate a 25 kWp solar PV array with the existing electrical grid. Simulation results found the system could meet the local load of 69 kWh/day while selling excess solar energy to the grid. The optimal system achieved 79% renewable energy penetration and a net annual energy export of 17,505 kWh to the grid. The study contributes to the design and optimization of grid-connected solar PV systems.
IRJET- Survey of Micro Grid Cost Reduction TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for reducing the operating costs of microgrids. It first provides background on microgrids and their architecture. Microgrids can operate connected to the main grid or in "island mode" disconnected from the main grid. The operating costs of a microgrid are typically higher when in island mode. The document then reviews various optimization algorithms and models that have been proposed to reduce microgrid operating costs when in island mode, such as stochastic models, dual decomposition methods, and resiliency-oriented scheduling models. It discusses challenges for microgrid planning, operation, and control due to the intermittent nature of renewable resources and need for economic optimization. The key techniques analyzed seek to minimize microgrid operating costs by optimizing scheduling of distributed energy
Review Progress in Betterment of Smart Street Lighting to Save Energy.IRJET Journal
This document reviews progress in improving smart street lighting systems to save energy. It begins by discussing how smart street lighting utilizes LED technology and sensors to optimize energy efficiency. Motion sensors and remote monitoring via IoT allow for dynamic light adjustments based on presence detection and centralized control. This reduces energy waste from unnecessary lighting during low traffic periods. Data analytics of usage patterns further enables informed resource deployment decisions. Integration of solar panels also contributes to sustainable solutions. The document outlines various benefits of smart street lighting like energy savings, cost savings from reduced maintenance, and reduced environmental impact. It discusses technological advancements in energy usage optimization, predictive maintenance, and adaptive lighting strategies using data analytics. Challenges and future research directions are also reviewed such as initial deployment
This document discusses the concept of solar roadways, which embed solar panels and LED lights below a tough glass surface to generate electricity and illuminate roads. A solar roadway consists of a glass top layer, an electronic layer containing photovoltaic cells and controls, and a base plate layer that distributes power. Solar roadways could power electric vehicles through induction charging and provide an intelligent transportation system by programming LED lights. While maintenance costs are a concern, solar roadways could meet a significant portion of India's electricity needs if implemented nationwide and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Solar powered traffic lights are becoming more common as a sustainable alternative to traditional traffic lights connected to electrical grids. They are well-suited for areas without existing power infrastructure as they are powered by batteries charged by solar panels. They have advantages over traditional traffic lights such as being easier to install and reinstall, having independent power supply from solar energy rather than electrical grids, and not requiring cabling which increases security. Solar powered traffic lights also provide benefits like continuous signal monitoring and status checks via SMS. They can conveniently power pedestrian crossings and alternate traffic controls as well.
Solar Roadways - The future transport system ( Seminar report by Swapnil Patw...Swapneil Patwari
A solar roadway is a road surface that generates electricity by solar power photovoltaic cells. One current proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x 3.658 m) panels including solar panels and LED sign-age, that can be driven on. The concept involves replacing highways, roads, parking lots, driveways, and sidewalks with such a system. A layer of embedded LEDs will be used to create traffic warnings or crosswalks, and excess electricity could be used to charge electric vehicles or routed into the power grid. The electrical components will be embedded between layers of extremely durable, textured glass. A solar roadway is a series of structurally engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with solar road panels that collect energy to be used by homes and businesses, and ultimately to be able to store excess energy in or alongside the solar roadways. Thus renewable energy replaces the need for the current fossil fuels used for the generation of electricity, which cuts greenhouse gases and helps in sustainable development.
Parking lots, driveways, and eventually highways are all targets for the panels. If the entire United States Interstate Highway system were surfaced with Solar Roadways panels, it would produce more than three times the amount of electricity currently used nationwide. Existing prototype panels consist of three layers. 1. Road surface layer, 2. Electronics layer, 3. Base plate layer. Road Survey of India: India had a road network of over 42,45,805 kilometers in 2011.
In which national highways and state highways cover 0.05% of total road network.
These highways can produce 450TWh of electricity according to references when they are surfaced by solar panels.
But India needs 991TWh of electricity.
This implies that if 0.1% of total road network of India is surfaced with Solar Roadway panels, it would illuminate our nation. CONCLUSION: For roughly the same cost of the current systems (asphalt roads and fossil fuel burning electricity generation plants), the Solar Roadways can be implemented.
No more Global Warming.
Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution.
A new secure highway infrastructure that pays for itself.
A decentralized, self-healing, secure power grid.
No more dependency on foreign oil.
IRJET- Management of Smart Grid Power System using Zigbee TechnologyIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using ZigBee technology to manage a smart grid power system. ZigBee is a low-cost wireless networking standard that can be used to reliably transmit data in a smart grid network.
2) A smart grid system is proposed that uses ZigBee modules and a microcontroller to control energy from renewable sources like solar and wind. This system aims to efficiently distribute energy generated from renewable resources to meet demand.
3) Traditional power systems are centralized with one-way energy flow from plants to consumers. Smart grids aim to tackle increasing demands, reduce costs, use less fossil fuels, and incorporate renewable energy sources through advanced monitoring, distribution and control technologies.
Design and Calculation of standalone system for Devon valley (TQ14 OEY) near ...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and calculation of a standalone solar power system for a cottage house in Devon Valley, England. It begins with an abstract and introduction on harnessing solar energy. It then outlines the methodology used, which includes analyzing the house's daily load consumption, calculating solar irradiation data using PVGIS software, sizing the solar array and other system components like batteries and inverters. The key steps involve determining the energy required from the PV array based on the daily load and system efficiencies. 54 panels of 500W each are selected to meet the daily energy demand of 26.78 kWh. The battery bank and charge controller capacities are then sized accordingly. The inverter is selected to be 8000W based on the daily
IRJET- A Study on Campus-Friendly Solar Powered Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on a campus-friendly solar powered electric vehicle. It describes the key components of such a vehicle, including solar panels to convert sunlight to electricity, batteries to store the electricity, a motor controller and DC motor. The solar panels charge the batteries during the day which power the motor and drive the vehicle. The document provides calculations to determine the energy generated by solar panels and stored in batteries, as well as the number of solar panels and batteries needed based on the power requirements of the vehicle. Solar powered electric vehicles can help reduce emissions and reliance on fossil fuels for transportation needs on a university campus.
solar roadway (solar power smart highwaysSahil Soni
This document provides details about a student project on solar roadways. It includes sections on the workflow chart, introduction, need for the study, objectives, scope, critical literature review, salient features, data collection, advantages, disadvantages, and summary. The critical literature review analyzes 5 papers on solar roadways. Key findings from the literature are that solar roads could eliminate fossil fuel dependency and global warming by generating renewable energy. The project aims to study installing solar panels on roads to harness solar power and supply electricity to surrounding areas. Challenges include the high initial cost of solar roadways but they may replace costly fossil fuel systems over time.
Modeling and simulation of distributed generation systemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that models and simulates a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind distributed generation system to meet the energy demands of Leh, India effectively. The study analyzes Leh's local energy requirements and assesses the solar and wind resources for their potential contributions to the hybrid system. Using the HOMER software, various system configurations and component sizes are evaluated to optimize the performance of the hybrid system. Simulations determine the most cost-effective and reliable solution that meets Leh's energy demands while considering the intermittency of renewable energy sources. The economic feasibility of the proposed PV-wind hybrid system is examined through metrics such as the levelized cost of energy.
Survey on efficient plug in hybrid vehicle chargingeSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on improving the efficiency of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging. It proposes using a portable solar panel with an external 3D printed parabolic concentrator to increase solar cell efficiency and charge the PHEV battery. If the battery runs low, a mobile charging system using queuing theory and an android application is developed to determine the nearest mobile charger. The paper reviews different PHEV charging methods and techniques to increase solar cell efficiency. It then describes the proposed system in detail which uses the solar energy capturing module, mobile charging system, slot booking and security features to efficiently charge PHEVs while reducing range anxiety and emissions.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on solar roadways as a future transportation system. It discusses how solar roadways could generate electricity through solar panels embedded in road surfaces. It outlines the various layers of a solar roadway, including a glass top layer, an electronics layer with solar cells and LEDs, and a base plate layer. The presentation notes the potential advantages of solar roadways in providing road illumination, power generation, and an intelligent transportation system, but also highlights challenges around maintenance costs and seasonal efficiency. It examines case studies of solar roadway prototypes and suggests implementing the technology in India's 100 planned smart cities could help address power issues.
IRJET- Solar Panel Cleaning System with Inbuilt Power SupplyIRJET Journal
This document presents the design of an automated self-cleaning solar panel system with an inbuilt power supply. Dust and other debris accumulation on solar panels can reduce their efficiency by 5-30%. The designed system detects shading of solar cells using an Arduino controller and activates brush motors to clean the panels. It can clean 3 panel arrays in a row over 5 minutes. The cleaning mechanism is powered by a battery that is recharged by the solar panels when not in use. Future improvements discussed include drone-based cleaning and high voltage or ultrasonic cleaning methods.
Energy efficient smart street light for smart city using sensors and controllerjournalBEEI
Smart street light is an intelligent control of street lights to optimize the problem of power consumption of the street, late in night. Conventional street lights are being replaced by Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting system, which reduces the power consumption. The focus of this project is to design a system of street lights controller to provide a reduction in power consumption. The prototype was designed by using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Infrared sensor (IR), battery and LED. The brightness of the lamps is being controlled in this project to reduce the power consumption. The dimming of the lamps depends on the speed of object motion detected such as pedestrians, cyclists and cars. The higher speed of moving object, the greater the level of intensity. For this idea, the innovation of street lights is not quite the same as conventional street lights that are controlled by timer switch or light sensor which automatically turns light on during sunset and off during sunrise. According to the study, motion detection devices may help to save up to 40% of energy per month.
The document describes the design of an intelligent streetlight energy-saving system based on power line communication technology and a real-time operating system. The system uses a microcontroller in each streetlight that can be controlled via power line communication from a PC to remotely turn the streetlights on and off based on light levels and time of day to reduce energy consumption. The goal of the system is to optimize streetlight management and efficiency through remote control capabilities.
HYBRID ENERGY CAR BY USING SOLAR AND WIND ENERGYIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and components of a hybrid energy car that uses both solar and wind energy. The car aims to address limitations of electric vehicles like limited driving range from a single charge. It uses solar panels and a wind turbine to charge the batteries, allowing continuous charging. The car's components include solar panels, a wind turbine, batteries, a motor controller, batteries, and a motor. By harnessing both solar and wind energy, the hybrid system aims to generate more electricity to power the car and reduce fuel consumption compared to a solely electric vehicle. The document outlines the existing challenges with electric vehicles and how the hybrid solar-wind car seeks to solve them.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document proposes a framework called Green Radio Technology to improve the efficient use of power in cellular communication towers. Currently, towers operate continuously regardless of user traffic levels, wasting significant amounts of power. The proposed framework would dynamically switch towers on and off based on user frequency, keeping only one tower active during periods of low traffic to handle all communications while others remain idle. This approach aims to reduce both energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions from the towers. The document outlines the existing inefficient system, proposed Green Radio Technology approach, block diagram of the system, software implementation details, and methodology for dynamically switching towers and utilizing renewable energy sources like solar to power towers.
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This document discusses a proposed grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system using solar and wind energy to power an electric vehicle charging station and street lighting system. The system would use photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine to generate electricity, with a multilevel inverter to convert the DC power to AC and connect it to the electric grid. When renewable energy generation is insufficient, power would be drawn from the grid. The document provides background on hybrid renewable energy systems and the advantages they provide over individual solar or wind systems. It also outlines the major components of the proposed system and presents equations to calculate the power generated from the solar panels and wind turbine. The aim is to establish a reliable renewable energy source for the charging station and street lights
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IRJET- Survey of Micro Grid Cost Reduction TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for reducing the operating costs of microgrids. It first provides background on microgrids and their architecture. Microgrids can operate connected to the main grid or in "island mode" disconnected from the main grid. The operating costs of a microgrid are typically higher when in island mode. The document then reviews various optimization algorithms and models that have been proposed to reduce microgrid operating costs when in island mode, such as stochastic models, dual decomposition methods, and resiliency-oriented scheduling models. It discusses challenges for microgrid planning, operation, and control due to the intermittent nature of renewable resources and need for economic optimization. The key techniques analyzed seek to minimize microgrid operating costs by optimizing scheduling of distributed energy
Review Progress in Betterment of Smart Street Lighting to Save Energy.IRJET Journal
This document reviews progress in improving smart street lighting systems to save energy. It begins by discussing how smart street lighting utilizes LED technology and sensors to optimize energy efficiency. Motion sensors and remote monitoring via IoT allow for dynamic light adjustments based on presence detection and centralized control. This reduces energy waste from unnecessary lighting during low traffic periods. Data analytics of usage patterns further enables informed resource deployment decisions. Integration of solar panels also contributes to sustainable solutions. The document outlines various benefits of smart street lighting like energy savings, cost savings from reduced maintenance, and reduced environmental impact. It discusses technological advancements in energy usage optimization, predictive maintenance, and adaptive lighting strategies using data analytics. Challenges and future research directions are also reviewed such as initial deployment
This document discusses the concept of solar roadways, which embed solar panels and LED lights below a tough glass surface to generate electricity and illuminate roads. A solar roadway consists of a glass top layer, an electronic layer containing photovoltaic cells and controls, and a base plate layer that distributes power. Solar roadways could power electric vehicles through induction charging and provide an intelligent transportation system by programming LED lights. While maintenance costs are a concern, solar roadways could meet a significant portion of India's electricity needs if implemented nationwide and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
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Solar Roadways - The future transport system ( Seminar report by Swapnil Patw...Swapneil Patwari
A solar roadway is a road surface that generates electricity by solar power photovoltaic cells. One current proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x 3.658 m) panels including solar panels and LED sign-age, that can be driven on. The concept involves replacing highways, roads, parking lots, driveways, and sidewalks with such a system. A layer of embedded LEDs will be used to create traffic warnings or crosswalks, and excess electricity could be used to charge electric vehicles or routed into the power grid. The electrical components will be embedded between layers of extremely durable, textured glass. A solar roadway is a series of structurally engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with solar road panels that collect energy to be used by homes and businesses, and ultimately to be able to store excess energy in or alongside the solar roadways. Thus renewable energy replaces the need for the current fossil fuels used for the generation of electricity, which cuts greenhouse gases and helps in sustainable development.
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In which national highways and state highways cover 0.05% of total road network.
These highways can produce 450TWh of electricity according to references when they are surfaced by solar panels.
But India needs 991TWh of electricity.
This implies that if 0.1% of total road network of India is surfaced with Solar Roadway panels, it would illuminate our nation. CONCLUSION: For roughly the same cost of the current systems (asphalt roads and fossil fuel burning electricity generation plants), the Solar Roadways can be implemented.
No more Global Warming.
Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution.
A new secure highway infrastructure that pays for itself.
A decentralized, self-healing, secure power grid.
No more dependency on foreign oil.
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The document describes the design and calculation of a standalone solar power system for a cottage house in Devon Valley, England. It begins with an abstract and introduction on harnessing solar energy. It then outlines the methodology used, which includes analyzing the house's daily load consumption, calculating solar irradiation data using PVGIS software, sizing the solar array and other system components like batteries and inverters. The key steps involve determining the energy required from the PV array based on the daily load and system efficiencies. 54 panels of 500W each are selected to meet the daily energy demand of 26.78 kWh. The battery bank and charge controller capacities are then sized accordingly. The inverter is selected to be 8000W based on the daily
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solar roadway (solar power smart highwaysSahil Soni
This document provides details about a student project on solar roadways. It includes sections on the workflow chart, introduction, need for the study, objectives, scope, critical literature review, salient features, data collection, advantages, disadvantages, and summary. The critical literature review analyzes 5 papers on solar roadways. Key findings from the literature are that solar roads could eliminate fossil fuel dependency and global warming by generating renewable energy. The project aims to study installing solar panels on roads to harness solar power and supply electricity to surrounding areas. Challenges include the high initial cost of solar roadways but they may replace costly fossil fuel systems over time.
Modeling and simulation of distributed generation systemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that models and simulates a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind distributed generation system to meet the energy demands of Leh, India effectively. The study analyzes Leh's local energy requirements and assesses the solar and wind resources for their potential contributions to the hybrid system. Using the HOMER software, various system configurations and component sizes are evaluated to optimize the performance of the hybrid system. Simulations determine the most cost-effective and reliable solution that meets Leh's energy demands while considering the intermittency of renewable energy sources. The economic feasibility of the proposed PV-wind hybrid system is examined through metrics such as the levelized cost of energy.
Survey on efficient plug in hybrid vehicle chargingeSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on improving the efficiency of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging. It proposes using a portable solar panel with an external 3D printed parabolic concentrator to increase solar cell efficiency and charge the PHEV battery. If the battery runs low, a mobile charging system using queuing theory and an android application is developed to determine the nearest mobile charger. The paper reviews different PHEV charging methods and techniques to increase solar cell efficiency. It then describes the proposed system in detail which uses the solar energy capturing module, mobile charging system, slot booking and security features to efficiently charge PHEVs while reducing range anxiety and emissions.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on solar roadways as a future transportation system. It discusses how solar roadways could generate electricity through solar panels embedded in road surfaces. It outlines the various layers of a solar roadway, including a glass top layer, an electronics layer with solar cells and LEDs, and a base plate layer. The presentation notes the potential advantages of solar roadways in providing road illumination, power generation, and an intelligent transportation system, but also highlights challenges around maintenance costs and seasonal efficiency. It examines case studies of solar roadway prototypes and suggests implementing the technology in India's 100 planned smart cities could help address power issues.
IRJET- Solar Panel Cleaning System with Inbuilt Power SupplyIRJET Journal
This document presents the design of an automated self-cleaning solar panel system with an inbuilt power supply. Dust and other debris accumulation on solar panels can reduce their efficiency by 5-30%. The designed system detects shading of solar cells using an Arduino controller and activates brush motors to clean the panels. It can clean 3 panel arrays in a row over 5 minutes. The cleaning mechanism is powered by a battery that is recharged by the solar panels when not in use. Future improvements discussed include drone-based cleaning and high voltage or ultrasonic cleaning methods.
Energy efficient smart street light for smart city using sensors and controllerjournalBEEI
Smart street light is an intelligent control of street lights to optimize the problem of power consumption of the street, late in night. Conventional street lights are being replaced by Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting system, which reduces the power consumption. The focus of this project is to design a system of street lights controller to provide a reduction in power consumption. The prototype was designed by using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Infrared sensor (IR), battery and LED. The brightness of the lamps is being controlled in this project to reduce the power consumption. The dimming of the lamps depends on the speed of object motion detected such as pedestrians, cyclists and cars. The higher speed of moving object, the greater the level of intensity. For this idea, the innovation of street lights is not quite the same as conventional street lights that are controlled by timer switch or light sensor which automatically turns light on during sunset and off during sunrise. According to the study, motion detection devices may help to save up to 40% of energy per month.
The document describes the design of an intelligent streetlight energy-saving system based on power line communication technology and a real-time operating system. The system uses a microcontroller in each streetlight that can be controlled via power line communication from a PC to remotely turn the streetlights on and off based on light levels and time of day to reduce energy consumption. The goal of the system is to optimize streetlight management and efficiency through remote control capabilities.
HYBRID ENERGY CAR BY USING SOLAR AND WIND ENERGYIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and components of a hybrid energy car that uses both solar and wind energy. The car aims to address limitations of electric vehicles like limited driving range from a single charge. It uses solar panels and a wind turbine to charge the batteries, allowing continuous charging. The car's components include solar panels, a wind turbine, batteries, a motor controller, batteries, and a motor. By harnessing both solar and wind energy, the hybrid system aims to generate more electricity to power the car and reduce fuel consumption compared to a solely electric vehicle. The document outlines the existing challenges with electric vehicles and how the hybrid solar-wind car seeks to solve them.
Similar to Smart Solar Energy System: Application for Traffic in Saudi Arabia (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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