This document summarizes a research paper on improving the efficiency of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging. It proposes using a portable solar panel with an external 3D printed parabolic concentrator to increase solar cell efficiency and charge the PHEV battery. If the battery runs low, a mobile charging system using queuing theory and an android application is developed to determine the nearest mobile charger. The paper reviews different PHEV charging methods and techniques to increase solar cell efficiency. It then describes the proposed system in detail which uses the solar energy capturing module, mobile charging system, slot booking and security features to efficiently charge PHEVs while reducing range anxiety and emissions.
Optimal Operation and Services Scheduling for an Electric Vehicle Battery Swa...sarkermu
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6857439
This is a companion presentation for the IEEE Transactions on Power System paper, "Optimal Operation and Services Scheduling for an Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Station".
Please make sure to reference the paper below:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6857439
M. R. Sarker, H. Pandzic and M. A. Ortega-Vazquez, "Optimal Operation and Services Scheduling for an Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Station," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015.
Now India is Implementing with Preference and Priority A Green Carbon Free Silent Road Transportation Electric Vehicle and Charging Infrastructure. To Charge These Vehicle we need more power and Separate Power Infrastructure to ensure Stable and Clean Power System with support 24X7 only possible with addition Solar PV Power Plant and High Energy Storage Power System adoption and Implements where demand is more that 1MW.
Our Broad Band and Telecom Signal should be Strong Signal and Fast response as and when require by System.
Ministry Of Urban Infra , Railways, Power , National Highway and Road Infra already advise all State and Central to offer Charging Facilities as per demand in the Market 3KM Radius Public Charging and 25KM Both side of Highways Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Charging 2/3/4 Wheeler Vehicle along with Passenger Buses and Heavy Fleet Electric Vehicles.
This Can be Charging Station or with Restaurant in Highways power demand may be 2.00MW-4.00MW .
Plz Find Attach latest presentation EV Charging Infra from Linkvue System Pvt Ltd Kindly go through .visit www.linkvuesystem.com
We are into Manufacturing , Supply ,Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Genuine and Right Products with supervision support for Installation .
Electrical Safety Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection
Net Working Solution LAN ,Fiber ,Wireless and GSM Solutions
Automation and Data Logger RTU's
Protocol Convertor and FO Convertors
CCTV .Fire Alarm ,Access Controls, Security Systems
Fencing PIDS
Industrial PLUG Socket IP 68 Out door up to 400 Amps
Electric Vehicle Charging Connectors and Harness
Solar MC4 Connectors with and Without Fuses
Plz Contact M-9811247237 Mahesh Chandra Manav
manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com.
Two tier energy compansation framework based on smart electric charging stationSandeshPatil99
Abstract: Traditional cars produce a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that are ejected into the atmosphere, causes pollution and greenhouse gases today, electric vehicles (EVs) have received much attention as an alternative to traditional vehicles. The traditional vehicles are powered by internal combustion engines. The electric vehicle is developed because of the advancement in battery technology and motor efficiency. The secondary batteries are the main energy sources of the EV. Thus, energy management is the key factor in EV or Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) design. Moreover, the charge capacity of the battery will influence the endurance of electric vehicles. The main challenge in the HEV is the charging time required for the batteries and insufficiency of charging stations (CS) and therefore charging within existing distribution system infrastructure is problematic. Up to now the HEV‟s CS is in the range of 100 km per charge due to the on-board energy which is needed to be optimized. The second challenge for the EV‟s is their battery capacity which ranges from 8.6KWh to 15.2KWh. The consequent disadvantage is that the charging time for above mentioned size, in a level 1 household charger (120V, 50Hz, 15-20A) is more than 15 hours. Due to these constraints, the vendor (EV charging station supplier) needs a convenient distribution system to cater to customer demand as well as maximize benefits. A special attention must be given to the charging station. In future, the number of electric vehicles will be increasing to a greater extent; these electric vehicles have to re-charge their battery in a place (i.e.) charging station, so there will be a growing need of public accessing charging stations. This will have a significant impact on the power systems like transformers, protection devices etc. With respect to the varying load, it will have an impact on the consumers and vendors due to the traffic at this station, waiting time for charging the vehicles will increase etc. Therefore both the consumer and vendor will get assistance from a communication system which shares useful data regarding the charging station, whether the charging slots are free, rate at which charging is done, cost per unit etc.
Optimal Operation and Services Scheduling for an Electric Vehicle Battery Swa...sarkermu
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6857439
This is a companion presentation for the IEEE Transactions on Power System paper, "Optimal Operation and Services Scheduling for an Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Station".
Please make sure to reference the paper below:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6857439
M. R. Sarker, H. Pandzic and M. A. Ortega-Vazquez, "Optimal Operation and Services Scheduling for an Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Station," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015.
Now India is Implementing with Preference and Priority A Green Carbon Free Silent Road Transportation Electric Vehicle and Charging Infrastructure. To Charge These Vehicle we need more power and Separate Power Infrastructure to ensure Stable and Clean Power System with support 24X7 only possible with addition Solar PV Power Plant and High Energy Storage Power System adoption and Implements where demand is more that 1MW.
Our Broad Band and Telecom Signal should be Strong Signal and Fast response as and when require by System.
Ministry Of Urban Infra , Railways, Power , National Highway and Road Infra already advise all State and Central to offer Charging Facilities as per demand in the Market 3KM Radius Public Charging and 25KM Both side of Highways Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Charging 2/3/4 Wheeler Vehicle along with Passenger Buses and Heavy Fleet Electric Vehicles.
This Can be Charging Station or with Restaurant in Highways power demand may be 2.00MW-4.00MW .
Plz Find Attach latest presentation EV Charging Infra from Linkvue System Pvt Ltd Kindly go through .visit www.linkvuesystem.com
We are into Manufacturing , Supply ,Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Genuine and Right Products with supervision support for Installation .
Electrical Safety Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection
Net Working Solution LAN ,Fiber ,Wireless and GSM Solutions
Automation and Data Logger RTU's
Protocol Convertor and FO Convertors
CCTV .Fire Alarm ,Access Controls, Security Systems
Fencing PIDS
Industrial PLUG Socket IP 68 Out door up to 400 Amps
Electric Vehicle Charging Connectors and Harness
Solar MC4 Connectors with and Without Fuses
Plz Contact M-9811247237 Mahesh Chandra Manav
manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com.
Two tier energy compansation framework based on smart electric charging stationSandeshPatil99
Abstract: Traditional cars produce a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that are ejected into the atmosphere, causes pollution and greenhouse gases today, electric vehicles (EVs) have received much attention as an alternative to traditional vehicles. The traditional vehicles are powered by internal combustion engines. The electric vehicle is developed because of the advancement in battery technology and motor efficiency. The secondary batteries are the main energy sources of the EV. Thus, energy management is the key factor in EV or Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) design. Moreover, the charge capacity of the battery will influence the endurance of electric vehicles. The main challenge in the HEV is the charging time required for the batteries and insufficiency of charging stations (CS) and therefore charging within existing distribution system infrastructure is problematic. Up to now the HEV‟s CS is in the range of 100 km per charge due to the on-board energy which is needed to be optimized. The second challenge for the EV‟s is their battery capacity which ranges from 8.6KWh to 15.2KWh. The consequent disadvantage is that the charging time for above mentioned size, in a level 1 household charger (120V, 50Hz, 15-20A) is more than 15 hours. Due to these constraints, the vendor (EV charging station supplier) needs a convenient distribution system to cater to customer demand as well as maximize benefits. A special attention must be given to the charging station. In future, the number of electric vehicles will be increasing to a greater extent; these electric vehicles have to re-charge their battery in a place (i.e.) charging station, so there will be a growing need of public accessing charging stations. This will have a significant impact on the power systems like transformers, protection devices etc. With respect to the varying load, it will have an impact on the consumers and vendors due to the traffic at this station, waiting time for charging the vehicles will increase etc. Therefore both the consumer and vendor will get assistance from a communication system which shares useful data regarding the charging station, whether the charging slots are free, rate at which charging is done, cost per unit etc.
Wireless charging using electromagnetic induction, and resonance magnetic coupling. Effects and limitations, cheallenges faced and meathods to overcome. Success Case study. References included.
Electric Vehcile Charging With Solar and High Energy Storage Presentation All Sate Govt ,State Power Power Distribution Agencies, State Renewable Power Project Companies, Municipal Corporation ,Smart Cities, EV Charging Station OEM, EPC Companies, Solar EPC Companies.
It systems allow power to be transferred from one electrical network to another electrical network without need for wires or exposed contacts. There has been rapid expansion of WPT in mobile phone chargers and electric bulb and charging electric vehicles and dynamic charging electric vehicles, also called road powered electric vehicles. It is expected that WPT industry will grow persistently in coming decaded, commonly wireless power transfers are conducted using an inductive coupling and followed by magnetic induction , we use magnetic induction using copper wire with a diameter., The wireless power transfer field would be in high demand for electric power to be supplied in the future.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled Biz Models for Hi-Tech Products to analyze the business model for wireless charging for electric vehicles. Wireless charging eliminates cables that require time-consuming connections and maintenance as water and sun degrade them. Continuous wireless charging reduces the required batter capacity through coils that are included in vehicles and embedded in roads. These slides describe the specific value proposition for cities, building owners, and other specific customers and other aspects of the business model such as the method of value capture, scope of activities, and method of strategic control.
Technology and Key Strategy of IE4 Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drive ...IJERA Editor
Environmental protection and energy conservations are the main concern of 21st century Asia Pacific developing countries. This concern has compelled to design and develop zero pollution road transportation Electric Vehicles (EVs). The EV system consist of energy storage devices such as battery, fuel cell, ultra-capacitors along with electric propulsion, body of the vehicle and energy management system with the diversified technology of electrical, electronics, mechanical, automotive and chemical engineering. The objective of electric vehicle is to produce commercial viable range, efficient performance, and comfort with safety and reliable operations at cheaper price than its counterpart the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV). The PMBLDC motors are the present choice of automobile industries and researchers because of its high power density, compact size, reliability, with noise free and minimum maintenance requirements. The present state of art Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) Motor drive for the electric vehicle application is studied / reviewed in this paper.. In addition the study also reveals the advancement of the Power Processing Unit (PPU) which consists of Microelectronics and Controls (Me and C) to produce the super-premium efficiency PMBLDC drive system for EV applications
Electric Vehicle
Benefits of Electric Vehicle
What is Happening in the world of Electric Vehicle?
Electric Vehicle Charging Types
Wireless Charging
Advantages of Wireless Charging
Dynamic Wireless Charging
Impact of Wireless Charging on the Electric Vehicle Growth
References
Evaluating performance of centrifugal pump through cfd while modifying the su...eSAT Journals
Abstract
For operating the pump there are many factor affect pump working which include their speed, suction head, exhaust head,
properties of liquid, and physical arrangement etc. cavitations, vibration, reduced efficiency, and lowered capacity could cause
serious trouble like Suction Head available, Excessive suction lift, shallow inlet submergence. Category of connection and
arrangement are the suction conditions.The conventional suction geometry is not efficient for higher capacity of pump and thus
reduced discharge on the delivery side. Intake manifold is being designed for this work. The previous configuration would be
studied using CFD techniques while pursuing the objective of arriving at the most efficient geometry for the given application.
Key Wors: centrifugal pump, discharge, CFD
Msd office building design of intelligent lighting systemeSAT Journals
Abstract
This will be the MSD Asia Pacific head-quarters and headquarters office building decoration project of China, introduces the
intelligent lighting system design of office buildings. Intelligent design considerations of lighting system is controllable change of
indoor illumination, interior illumination changes controlled by a dimmer system as a whole. One of the main components for
mobile and presence sensors and illumination sensors, through the identification of people and its surrounding light intensity
measurements, adjust the output light source lamp, light intensity and stability of the entire space within a certain range.
Keywords: Intelligent Lighting Control System For Office Building Illumination Sensor
Wireless charging using electromagnetic induction, and resonance magnetic coupling. Effects and limitations, cheallenges faced and meathods to overcome. Success Case study. References included.
Electric Vehcile Charging With Solar and High Energy Storage Presentation All Sate Govt ,State Power Power Distribution Agencies, State Renewable Power Project Companies, Municipal Corporation ,Smart Cities, EV Charging Station OEM, EPC Companies, Solar EPC Companies.
It systems allow power to be transferred from one electrical network to another electrical network without need for wires or exposed contacts. There has been rapid expansion of WPT in mobile phone chargers and electric bulb and charging electric vehicles and dynamic charging electric vehicles, also called road powered electric vehicles. It is expected that WPT industry will grow persistently in coming decaded, commonly wireless power transfers are conducted using an inductive coupling and followed by magnetic induction , we use magnetic induction using copper wire with a diameter., The wireless power transfer field would be in high demand for electric power to be supplied in the future.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled Biz Models for Hi-Tech Products to analyze the business model for wireless charging for electric vehicles. Wireless charging eliminates cables that require time-consuming connections and maintenance as water and sun degrade them. Continuous wireless charging reduces the required batter capacity through coils that are included in vehicles and embedded in roads. These slides describe the specific value proposition for cities, building owners, and other specific customers and other aspects of the business model such as the method of value capture, scope of activities, and method of strategic control.
Technology and Key Strategy of IE4 Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drive ...IJERA Editor
Environmental protection and energy conservations are the main concern of 21st century Asia Pacific developing countries. This concern has compelled to design and develop zero pollution road transportation Electric Vehicles (EVs). The EV system consist of energy storage devices such as battery, fuel cell, ultra-capacitors along with electric propulsion, body of the vehicle and energy management system with the diversified technology of electrical, electronics, mechanical, automotive and chemical engineering. The objective of electric vehicle is to produce commercial viable range, efficient performance, and comfort with safety and reliable operations at cheaper price than its counterpart the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV). The PMBLDC motors are the present choice of automobile industries and researchers because of its high power density, compact size, reliability, with noise free and minimum maintenance requirements. The present state of art Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) Motor drive for the electric vehicle application is studied / reviewed in this paper.. In addition the study also reveals the advancement of the Power Processing Unit (PPU) which consists of Microelectronics and Controls (Me and C) to produce the super-premium efficiency PMBLDC drive system for EV applications
Electric Vehicle
Benefits of Electric Vehicle
What is Happening in the world of Electric Vehicle?
Electric Vehicle Charging Types
Wireless Charging
Advantages of Wireless Charging
Dynamic Wireless Charging
Impact of Wireless Charging on the Electric Vehicle Growth
References
Evaluating performance of centrifugal pump through cfd while modifying the su...eSAT Journals
Abstract
For operating the pump there are many factor affect pump working which include their speed, suction head, exhaust head,
properties of liquid, and physical arrangement etc. cavitations, vibration, reduced efficiency, and lowered capacity could cause
serious trouble like Suction Head available, Excessive suction lift, shallow inlet submergence. Category of connection and
arrangement are the suction conditions.The conventional suction geometry is not efficient for higher capacity of pump and thus
reduced discharge on the delivery side. Intake manifold is being designed for this work. The previous configuration would be
studied using CFD techniques while pursuing the objective of arriving at the most efficient geometry for the given application.
Key Wors: centrifugal pump, discharge, CFD
Msd office building design of intelligent lighting systemeSAT Journals
Abstract
This will be the MSD Asia Pacific head-quarters and headquarters office building decoration project of China, introduces the
intelligent lighting system design of office buildings. Intelligent design considerations of lighting system is controllable change of
indoor illumination, interior illumination changes controlled by a dimmer system as a whole. One of the main components for
mobile and presence sensors and illumination sensors, through the identification of people and its surrounding light intensity
measurements, adjust the output light source lamp, light intensity and stability of the entire space within a certain range.
Keywords: Intelligent Lighting Control System For Office Building Illumination Sensor
Mechanical characterization of different orientation of glass fibre reinforce...eSAT Journals
Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluation of the mechanical characterisation such as tensile, compression and bending test and to conduct wear test. This study focus on preparation and testing of Polyester resin using glass fibre for different orientation. The Mechanical properties of the polyester changes gradually by changing the layers of fibres and for different orientation of glass fibre the property differs. The laminate is prepared of size 300*300*4mm size and specimens are prepared as per ASTM standard, different layers of glass fibres are one, two and three layers and the orientation of glass fibre is 30o, 60o, and 90o. The glass fibre used is in fabric form. From the results which were obtained we can observed that three layers glass fibre for 90o orientation has improved tensile strength and the compressive strength is found to be more for 600orientation of glass fibre. And the wear rate is also less for three layer of glass fibre for 900 orientations. Keywords: Glass Fibre/Polyesters Composites, Mechanical Characterisation of Polyester, Orientation of Glass Fibre
Root cause failure analysis of blanking device of strainer housing used in st...eSAT Journals
Abstract Failure analysis is the process of identifying the causes and factors leading to undesired loss of functionality. Failure investigators use several kinds of notions to explain this loss. An important one is that of a root cause failure analysis. This paper presents a root cause failure analysis and methodology followed in post weld failure investigation of blanking device which fails during post weld heat treatment. After performing fault tree analysis it is found that the failure may happen due to material defect or generation of residual stress during post weld heat treatment.
Radar reflectance model for the extraction of height from shape from shading ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The shape-from-shading (SFS) technique deals with the recovery of shape of an object through a gradual variation of shading
encoded in the image. Most SFS approaches have assumed Lambertian surface to extract DEM from individual images. The
quality of the derived DEM from radar SFS in particular, depends on the appropriate radar reflectance model, which relates the
radar backscatter to the surface normal.This paper will focus on a new reflectance model for relatingthe radar SAR backscatter
coefficient values to surface normal orientation. An iterative minimization SFS algorithm was implemented using this radar
reflectance model to derive the height measurements.The most important key of derivation of the surface height using this model is
forward and inverse Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The model performance was evaluated on RADARSAT-1 image using both
graphical and statistical analysis. Root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used as evaluation
criteria for the model performance. The model has shown good performance in reconstructing surface heights from RADARSAT-1
imagery. It gave 17.47m and 97.2% for RMSE and R2, respectively.
Keywords:3-D, SFS, Remote Sensing, Radar Remote Sensing, Satellite Images, SAR Imageries.
Partial replacement of coarse aggregates by expanded polystyrene beads in con...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for construction materials, there is a strong need to utilize alternative materials for sustainable development. The main objective of this investigation is to study the properties, such as compressive strength and tensile strengths of lightweight concrete containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads. Its properties are compared with those of the normal concrete i.e., without EPS beads. EPS beads are used as partial replacement to coarse aggregates. The results showed that the amount of polystyrene beads incorporated in concrete influences the properties of hardened concrete. At 28 days, it was found that compressive strength of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% EPS incorporated concrete strengths were 91%, 77 %, 71%, 63%, 57%, and 45%, respectively when compared to concrete with no EPS case. Key Words: Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS); Workability; Compressive strength; Splitting tensile strength;
Performance evaluation of ns2 and omnet++ simulators for aodv protocol in maneteSAT Journals
Abstract In order to observe the behaviour of a protocol in various scenarios, network simulators are used. There are few network simulators available for usage but which one will provide optimum performance and suitability of network simulator for a particular scenario is always an important decision. In this paper we analyse behaviour of two different network simulators for a same MANET routing protocol. The MANET routing protocol that we have selected is popular Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV). In this paper, we analyse the performance of routing protocol by using NS2 simulator and then the same on INET, which is a simulation framework from OMNeT++. The main purpose behind this work is to understand what role simulator plays when we try to simulate a particular protocol on desired Simulator. This study of difference in performance of simulator shows how the underlying architecture of a simulator affects the performance of the simulator. We considered these simulators for comparison purpose due to the amount of their usage in the industry as well as in education and research area. NS2 is one of the oldest and most preferred simulators by researchers and industry people while usage of OMNeT++ is also increasing with the time. Keywords: MANET, AODV, NS2, OMNeT++, Performance Evaluation.
Optimization of process parameters for the production of l glutaminase with m...eSAT Journals
Abstract L-Glutaminase, an amidohydrolase enzyme has been a choice of interest in the treatment of leukaemia since the discovery of its anti-tumour properties. Because it is a potent anti leukemic agent and a flavor-enhancing agent used in the food industry, many researchers have focused their attention on L-glutaminase. L-Glutaminase is majorly produced by micro organisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. In the present study, production of L-Glutaminase from fungi, Aspergillus wentii was reported. Solid state fermentation was followed in the study for the enzyme production using different agro-industrial by products which include coconut oil cake, sesame oil cake, groundnut oil cake and neem oil cake. Out of them potential substrates were screened and used as mixed substrate. Mixed substrate was selected by mixing coconut oil cake and sesame oil cake in different compositions. The best composition, 1.25gm coconut oil cake and 3.75gm sesame oil cake was selected. Effect of process parameters namely temperature, pH, incubation time, moisture content, inoculum volume on enzyme production was investigated. Also effect of supplementary carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metal ions and glutamine concentration was studied and their optimum conditions were determined. The organism produced high levels of enzyme at an optimum temperature of 28C and optimum pH 7.0, after 120h of incubation with 40% inoculum volume and 50% moisture content. Enhanced production was obtained on addition of 1% W/V D-glucose, peptone, magnesium sulphate and 1% W/W glutamine as supplements which showed an increase to four folds. Using this optimized media components and parameters; the L-Glutaminase activity 496U/gds was obtained. Keywords: L-Glutaminase, leukaemia, Aspergillus wentii, solid state fermentation, mixed substrate
On cubic diophantine equation x2+y2 xy=39 z3eSAT Journals
Abstract
Four different methods of the non-zero non-negative solutions of non- homogeneous cubic Diophantine equation x2 + y2 – xy =
39z2 are obtained. Some interesting relations among the special numbers and the solutions are exposed.
Keywords: The Method of Factorization, Integer Solutions, Linear Transformation, Relations and Special Numbers
A new approach of edge detection in sar images using region based active cont...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a new methodology for the edge detection of complex radar images. The approach includes the edge improvisation algorithm and followed with edge detection. The nature of complex radar images made edge enhancement part before the edge detection as the data is highly heterogeneous in nature. Thus, the use of discrete wavelet transform in the edge improvisation algorithm is justified. Then region based active contour model is used as edge detection algorithm. The paper proposes the distribution fitting energy with a level set function and neighborhood means and variances as variables. The performance is tested by applying it on different images and the results are been analyzed. Keywords: Edge detection, Edge improvisation, Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR), wavelet transforms.
Enhancement of the output power generated from a hybrid solar thermal systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigates the output power and increased the efficiency of a hybrid Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) modules through utilizing the heat generated from the surface of panels by one axial tracking of the hybrid PV/Tsystem by means of zenith angle and decreasing the heat generated from the PV modules by controlling the flow rate of the system. A comparison between theoretical and experimental work results for fixed and tracking PV/T hybrid system is presented. Comsol software package used to simulate the electromagnetic waves produced by the sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics In the second part of the experimental work, one axial sun-tracking system is designed where the movement of a photo-voltaic module is controlled to follow the Sun’s radiation using a Data acquisition card (DAQ) unit. Finally an active cooling system is designed and conducted to cool the fixed and tracking modules at which an absorber system consists of copper pipe welded with aluminium plate is attached underneath the PV modules to allow water flowing below the modules. In addition to the above an electrical analysis for both systems are presented where I-V, P-V, power with 12 mourning hour’s and electrical efficiency. Beside that the thermal analysis for the fixed and tracking PV modules and the piping water are presented where the input, output temperatures, the total energy of heat losses and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total electrical efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; Comsol Multiphysics; Mat lab; Solid work; Lab view.…
Six stroke engine using gasoline and r 123eSAT Journals
Abstract In any Internal Combustion Engine, only 35% of the available energy is converted into the crankshaft energy. The remaining portion of the energy is either expelled into the atmosphere or it increases the temperature of the engine block. This is desirable as the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy is more efficient at higher temperatures. However, beyond a certain limit it sets up thermal stresses and in extreme cases it causes engine seizing. Thus a cooling system is employed to remove this heat and transfer it into the atmosphere with the help of a radiator or a heat exchanger. In a six stroke engine, this heat transferred by the coolant is reduced. As there have been several advancements in the recovery of energy from exhaust gases such as turbochargers, Thermoelectric Generators and other such techniques, energy recovery by adding two strokes with a working fluid as a refrigerant is unique. The study shows that around 30% of the heat is carried away by the coolant and hence this is amount of energy that can theoretically be harvested. Since this offers a superior cooling system, the chances of detonation is also considerably lowered. By reducing the amount of heat expelled into the atmosphere, the overall efficiency is improved. In today’s age of rapidly depleting natural resources (fossil fuels), it is of utmost importance to converse these non-renewable sources of energy. Since the IC Engine has reached a state of saturation, waste heat recovery is the best way to improve the efficiency and hence reduce the fuel consumption. Keywords: Six Stroke Engine, Waste heat Recovery, Cooling System, and Efficiency
Numerical simulation of marangoni driven boundary layer flow over a flat plat...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A numerical algorithm is presented for studying Marangoni convection flow over a flat plate with an imposed temperature
distribution. Plate temperature varies with x in the following prescribed manner: where A and k are constants.
By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a pair of
nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton
Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab
environment. Velocity profiles for various values of k, and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number and k are illustrated
graphically. The results of the present simulation are then compared with the previous works available in literature with good
agreement.
Keywords: Matlab, Marangoni Convection, Numerical Simulation, Surface Tension, Flat Plate.
Software testing defect prediction model a practical approacheSAT Journals
Abstract Software defects prediction aims to reduce software testing efforts by guiding the testers through the defect classification of software systems. Defect predictors are widely used in many organizations to predict software defects in order to save time, improve quality, testing and for better planning of the resources to meet the timelines. The application of statistical software testing defect prediction model in a real life setting is extremely difficult because it requires more number of data variables and metrics and also historical defect data to predict the next releases or new similar type of projects. This paper explains our statistical model, how it will accurately predict the defects for upcoming software releases or projects. We have used 20 past release data points of software project, 5 parameters and build a model by applying descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In this appropriate multiple linear regression model the R-square value was 0.91 and its Standard Error is 5.90%. The Software testing defect prediction model is now being used to predict defects at various testing projects and operational releases. We have found 90.76% precision between actual and predicted defects.
Size effect of plain concrete beams–an experimental studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The paper analyses the size dependency of the fracture energy (GF) and the effective length of fracture process zone (Cf) of concrete
determined as per the Bazant’s Size effect method and RILEM Work-of-fracture methods. The fracture parameters (GF,Cf) are
determined by measuring the maximum loads of geometrically similar notched plain concrete (M25) specimens of different sizes in a
size ratio of 1:5 with different pre-cast notch depths (a/d=0.15, 0.30 and 0.45) under three point bending through load-deflection
curves. In each notch depth ratio, 15 beams are cast and tested with 03 similar specimens in each size of the beams. Total beams
tested are 45.The variation of both the fracture energy and the effective length of fracture process zone as a function of the specimen
size and notch depth is determined using Bazant’s Size effect method and RILEM Work-of-fracture method. Fracture energy and
Fracture process zone length determined by Size effect method are found to be decreasing with the increasing notch depth ratios.
Fracture energy calculated using Work-of-fracture method is increasing with the increase in size of specimen and decreasing with the
increasing notch depth ratios.
Effect of the use of crumb rubber in conventional bitumen on the marshall sta...eSAT Journals
Abstract In today’s era, solid waste management is the thrust area. Out of this various waste materials, plastic waste, tyre waste and municipal solid waste are of great concern. On the other side, the road traffic is increasing. The traffic intensity isalso increasing. The load bearing capacities of the road are to be increased. Our present work is helping to take care of both these aspects.Plastic waste, consisting of carry bags, cups, thermocoles, etc. can be used as a coating over aggregate and this coated stone can be used for road construction. Secondly the waste tires are powdered and the powder is blended with bitumen and this blend is used along with plastic coated aggregate. The mix polymer coated aggregate and tyre modified bitumen have shown higher strength. Use of this mix for road construction helps to use both plastics waste and tyre waste.Stone aggregate is coated with the molten waste plastics. The coating of plastics reduces the porosity, absorption of moisture and improves soundness.The polymer coated aggregate bitumen mix forms better material for flexible pavement construction as the mix shows higher Marshall Stability value and suitable Marshall Coefficient. Moreover the polymer coated aggregate helps to use Crumb rubber modified bitumen resulting in better result. Moreover the polymer coated aggregate helps to use Crumb rubber modified bitumen resulting in better result.Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) is hydrocarbon binder obtained through physical and chemical interaction of crumb rubber (produced by recycling of used tires) with bitumen and some specific additives. The Flextal range of CRMB offers binders which are stable and easy to handle with enhanced performances.( www.total.co.in)[1] Keywords:CRMB, Pavement, Bitumen, Crumb Rubber, and Marshall Stability Value
Optimum capacity allocation of distributed generation units using parallel ps...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper proposes the application of Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) technique to find the optimal sizing of multiple DG(Distributed Generation) units in the radial distribution network by reduction in real power losses and enhancement in voltage profile. Message passing interface (MPI) is used for the parallelization of PSO. The initial population of PSO algorithm has been divided between the processors at run time. The proposed technique is tested on standard 123-bus test system and the obtained results show that the simulation time is significantly reduced and is concluded that parallelization helps in enhancing the performance of basic PSO. The procedure has been implemented in an environment in which OpenDSS (Open Distribution System Simulator) is driven from MATLAB. An adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm has been developed in MATLAB , parallelization is achieved using MATLABMPI and the unbalanced three-phase distribution load flow (DLF) has been performed using Electric Power Research Institute’s (EPRI) open source tool OpenDSS. Index Terms: Distributed Generation, Message Passing Interface, Optimal Placement, Parallel Particle Swarm Optimisation
Process optimization of pressure die casting to eliminate defect using cae so...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Die Casting is the manufacturing process by which a liquid material is pressurized in to the mould, which contains a hallow
cavity of the desired shape, and then molten metal is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is known as casting which is ejected
or broken out to complete the process. Objective in this project is to develop tools, dies and gating system. Identify defects such as
gas defects, shrinkage cavities, and mould material defects, pouring material defects, metallurgical defects etc. and take measures
to reduce flaws by using CAE software. To reduce the amount airs entrapped in the mould by changing the gating system, runner
and overflow location and optimize the gating system and process parameters for best quality product and improved productivity.
Defects can be formed easily at critical location during pressure die casting of aluminium alloy part. It has defective effect on the
casting. Mould filling and solidification process of a part was simulated using Z-cast software.
Key Words: Casting, HPDC, Z-cast, CAE Software, Simulation.
Adverse effects of fossil fuel burning and internal combustion engine vehicles have alarmed nations worldwide. Governments are taking steps to promote the use of Electric Vehicles due to less carbon emissions and to pacify the environmental issues. The added load of Electric Vehicles poses a threat to the existing grid which leads to instability of the grid. The problem of demand supply mismatching can be solved by integrating the renewable energy sources with Electric vehicle charging station resulting in bi-directional flow of power. Vehicle to Grid technology helps the utility with active and reactive power support by feeding power from battery pack to grid and vice versa. Vehicle to Grid describes a system in which electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid, fuel cells electric vehicles are connected to the power grid to provide high power, spinning reserves, regulation services etc. The perspective of this study is to evolve a smart charging schedule based on the load on grid, time of use of the EV and other factors in order to minimize cost of charging for electric utilities and EVs as well as promote profits to EV owners.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of SupercapacitorsYogeshIJTSRD
In recent years, the demand for electric EV has increased drastically because of the rising pollution from emissions into the atmosphere in recent years. EV’s have simpler architecture, lower noise levels, better stability, and, most significantly, they safeguard the environment. Rapidly increasing population, energy consumption, and the need to reduce emissions through the conventional vehicle have motivated researchers to study the electric hybrid vehicles EHVs . In normal scenario in INDIA in electric vehicles like E cabs and E cars conventional battery is used and the real drawback of conventional batteries is that it drained out fast when used with full capacity and rechargeable is time significantly high usually 7 to 8 hours. A large number of methods have already been already proposed by various researchers that can solve the problem, however, these systems were not efficient enough for draining out the charging in EV. In order to overcome the limitation rapid discharge and slow recharge supercapacitors can be very significant solution of this problems. Using of solar panel is precure our environment which can be most important thing in this developing and growing world the use of solar in vehicle and using electric cars can be safeguard of our society and we can be free from using petroleum fuels which are limited and world can be made safer for our upcoming generations. supercapacitor used as additional energy storage for hybrid wind and photovoltaic system. It charges energy when it is windy or sunny and discharges when there is no power generated from photovoltaic or wind due to the sudden passing clouds disturbance or very low wind speed. Hence, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the supercapacitor and determine these different electric models. Satya Veer Singh | Poonam Kumari "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of Supercapacitors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45037.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45037/hybrid-electric-vehicle-charging-by-solar-panel-using-of-supercapacitors/satya-veer-singh
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Survey on efficient plug in hybrid vehicle charging
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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SURVEY ON EFFICIENT PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE CHARGING
Pooja S. Pawar1
, D. M. Chandwadkar2
1
Electronics and Telecommunication Department, K.K.Wagh College of Engineering, Nashik, India
2
Electronics and Telecommunication Department, K.K.Wagh College of Engineering, Nashik, India
pujapawar198847@gmail.com, dmchandwadkar@kkwagh.edu.in
Abstract
Our future depends upon the renewable energy sources. Since many years vehicles have relied on combustion fuel like oil and
diesel, which will create problem in near future as there are limited reserves of fossil fuels. Hence the most important fact is to
preserve energy. So, plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) is good and effective solution for eco-friendly transportation system.
Therefore, in this paper a plug-in hybrid vehicle approach is presented along with portable solar panel mounted on it to charge
battery. As solar panel is less efficient, a new technique called external light trapping is presented. A 3D printed parabolic
concentrator is used for this purpose. It redirects reflected photons back to solar cells and hence due to multiple reflections its
power conversion efficiency increases. If in any case, battery run out of charge then to charge it mobile chargers (MC) are used.
An android application is developed to support PHEV mobility. It provides full support to driver through its various functions like
monitoring of battery, prediction of range it can travel with current battery state and its location. The mobile server based on
queuing approach determines design parameter for such mobile charging system. An NJN (nearest-job-next) strategy is used to
serve this purpose. In NJN, MC serves next closest PHEV when its current job is done. Moreover, driver can reserve charging slot
based on their availability. So, in short our main purpose is to reduce carbon dioxide emission and mitigate PHEV driver range
anxiety problem.
Keywords: Battery Charging, 3D Printed Parabolic Concentrator, Queuing Theory, Slot Booking, Plug-In Hybrid
Vehicle.
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I. INTRODUCTION
In recent decades, the oil consumption has grown at a higher
rate in the transportation sector. Statistical analysis has
shown that, with the current rate of discovery of new oil
reserves and the current consumption rate, the world oil
reserve will be depleted by 2049 [1]. The increase in oil
consumption is due to demands of vehicles powered by
conventional internal combustion engines. The heavy use of
gasoline vehicles has rattling contribution towards
increasing pollution in developed and developing countries
[2]. Since these leads to increase issues related to
environment so, stringent standards have been developed by
government agencies for fuel intake and release [3]. Hence a
postulated sequence of possible events shows that Electric
Vehicles (EVs) is a perfect root to handle this problem of
environment related issue as they don’t consume fuel
therefore don’t emit harmful gases. This property of electric
vehicles will help to lesson the strain on city life as they
produce zero local emissions and provide the silent driving
[2]. When the condition comes like there is regular start and
stop and the trip to be encountered is small then electric
vehicles would have the same characteristics as normal
engine at reduced price when we compare to regular oil and
diesel based vehicles on road driving [2,4].
According to the estimation available in [3], seventy percent
of population in city travel day-to-day and cover almost
100km. This causes an environmental pollution problem.
The short range of electric vehicles would be feasible for
daily trip. The frequent start and stop driving characteristics
helps in increasing the range of electric vehicles. Thus,
electric vehicles provide a clean transportation without any
emission.
Figure 1. shows a comparison of annual operational costs
among different vehicle architectures [4].
Fig.1. Annual operational cost comparison for different
vehicle architectures.
Due to tremendous evolvement in vehicle design, as Fig. 2
reflects that the design becomes more complicated in order
to have the required improvement in its functions [5].
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 251
Fig. 2. Evolution of complexity in the automotive domain
Since we want to overcome the limited range trouble of the
electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is proposed.
PHEV is similar to a hybrid electric vehicle except that the
on board energy storage unit can be recharged from the
electricity available from the grid similar to that of electric
vehicles [6].Though PHEV reduce emission and range
anxiety problem, it will increase the electricity demand from
grid. So, naturally load demand will increase on grid. Hence,
to alleviate this problem a portable solar permanently
mounted on vehicle will be a good solution. But then also
the problem comes with the solar panel efficiency, so to
increase its efficiency an external light trap is made so that it
can concentrate most of the sun energy towards the solar
cell. This system improves the solar efficiency without
changing the internal structure of solar cell. The external
light trap is nothing but a 3D printed parabolic concentrator
to externally trap most of the light towards solar cell.
Another problem is that PHEV cannot depend solely on
renewable energy sources. That’s why in any case if battery
runs out of charge then complementary technique to charge
the battery is through plug-in i.e. external charging. There
are several options to charge the battery. We can classify
plug-in charging into three categories: level 1, 2 and 3. A
level-1 charger is installed into a household plug and can
deliver very less power. Moreover, charging time is up to
10-12 hours. A level-2 charger can deliver more power than
level-1 but it also requires 8-10 hours of charging. A level-3
is a fast charging system which can deliver high power and
trim charging time to less than an hour. So, most of vehicle
owner prefer level-3 charger due to reduced time.
Henceforth, we propose a mobile serving system as an
substitute to recharge the battery. We propose queuing based
model to perform mobile charging process. An NJN service
strategy is used by the mobile server to serve the charging
request of mobile client. This is a most efficient technique
rather than first-come-first-serve (FCFS) one.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Vehicles are of most important to cope up with fast world.
Researches are going on how to reduce the emission along
with reduced cost of car so that it can be affordable to the
consumer to buy it. Even though traditional vehicle price is
less than hybrid vehicle it contributes to environmental
pollution. One thing that restricts the consumer to buy
electric car is range anxiety problem i.e. what will happen if
battery becomes low in mid way, a person will be unable to
cover large distance like for a long journey. Let’s have a
look on different strategy used to charge the battery.
The author considered an agent-based model that deals with
the demographic and spatial considerations to dig out the
effect of PHEV charging [7]. PHEVs are modelled as
agents, which can decide mode of charging and travel plan.
The PHEV are charged more during office hours and they
are charged less during off time. Its benefit is fast charging
can be done but load on grid increases.
The author in [8] studied the result of charging a plug-in
hybrid vehicle through public utility and grids. This paper
presents the scenario of conversion of LDV to PHEV
implications to overall emissions as electricity replaces
gasoline. It concludes with a discussion about grid impacts
due to PHEV load.
S. Huang et al. [9] presents the outcome of grid rates on
PHEV users. It suggests that PHEV will have more
weightage in areas where grid prices are less. Moreover,
time of day will affect the pricing rate.
M. Nilsson,[10] presents the phenomenon of range anxiety
of electric vehicles. S.A. Cutler, B, Schmalberger, and Cecil
Rivers [11] develop an solar ecosystem which work
intelligently with electric vehicles. The solar stations will
require a master that will control the electricity supply and
communicate with the grid and also with the solar station. It
reduces the load on grid but increases the communication
overhead.
T. E. Stamati, P. Bauer [12] presents dynamic on road
charging concept. Contactless Power Transfer (CPT) are
used to wirelessly charge electric vehicles. It can be put
beneath the road so that it can charge vehicles while running
on it. But the drawback is that an inverter is required for
each primary winding to produce the current supply which
contains frequency of higher value and practical
implementation cannot be possible.
All above technique either consider charging at home or
from grid. There is another approach to charge the battery
called mobile charger (MC). It undertakes the concept of
queuing theory to serve the charge request. Now take a look
on various techniques to increase solar cell efficiency.
We can improve the performance of thick solar cells by
reducing its thickness given that absorptance remains
constant. So, large efforts have been made to obtain high
absorptance in thin solar cells by modifications of the solar
cell surface to obtain internal light trapping [13, 14].
However, these internal cell modifications don’t have a
positive impact on the solar cells material quality and its
characteristics.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 252
In case of nano-crystalline silicon the growth of a solar cell
on top of a textured scattering surface is challenging [15-17]
while for organic solar cells effectiveness of texturing is
less[18]. It is therefore breakthrough task to obtain the full
theoretical capability of internal light trapping for solar cells
methods [19] and hence there is a need for more efficient
light trapping.
Hence we demonstrate an external light trapping method
that will replace existing internal trapping methods more
efficiently without affecting any textured quality of solar
cells [20]. Therefore, 3D printed large concentrator arrays
will alleviate the need of internal trapping providing more
efficiency than previous work and even cost effective.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system is develop to overcome fuel
dependency problem with an efficient approach of charging
vehicle with renewable energy sources and provide mobile
charging to the vehicle. The proposed system is divided into
following parts:
a) Sun energy capturing module
b) Mobile charging
c) Slot booking
d) Security
A) SUN ENERGY CAPTURING MODULE
In our research work we are going to use 3D printed
parabolic concentrator as external light trapping agent. This
3D printed parabolic concentrator is mounted on solar cell.
An array of this concentrator is placed on solar cell rather
than placing a single concentrator on whole panel. This
approach reduces the implementation cost and complexity.
This is cost effective way to improve solar efficiency.
Hence, we can get more power conversion from it. We
proposed several possible designs for an array of
concentrators like a square, hexagonal and circular parabolic
concentrators to improve EQE of an organic solar cell.
Moreover, the sun tracking system is implemented to track
the sun to improve the efficiency.
B) MOBILE CHARGING
We know that sun energy varies due to weather condition. In
any case if there is not sufficient amount of sun energy to
charge the battery in order to complete the whole trip there
should be an alternative to charge it. A mobile charging
technique is suggested to perform such work. This strategy
is developed based on queuing model and uses NJN
(nearest-job-next) based service to serve different owners.
The mobile server will precede the request according to NJN
strategy. It means the mobile server will locate nearby
mobile charger and schedule charging of owners
accordingly.
C) SLOT BOOKING
The module is developed to book the charging station slot if
required. It searches for nearby charging station and book
slot accordingly.
D) SECURITY
The security of vehicle is one of the key issues. Hence, we
propose an ignition system approach using mobile phone to
make access of vehicles.
E) PROPOSED SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The proposed system based on concept of external charging
through renewable energy sources i.e. solar energy is shown
Figure 3. The sun energy capturing module is attached to
solar cell. In our circuit, there will be ARM7 controller
which operates the battery and display the respective result
on LCD. An android application is developed to monitor
battery status and predict the range it can travel with current
battery status and its own location. So, if state of battery fall
below threshold level it will send the message to the server
which will contain all vehicle information and its location.
The mobile server accepts the entire request from different
vehicle owners and develops a strategy to serve them. This
is what we call mobile charging system. Moreover, if
charging station is nearby and vehicle can travel up to that
location, we can book the charging slot with the help of
android application. Even though battery is full the vehicle
will not start until relay is operated. This relay is operated
with the help of mobile phone. GSM technology is used to
operate it not Bluetooth as there are chances of security key
theft due to hacking concept which is more in wireless
network.
Fig.3. Proposed System
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have gone through various charging
technologies and schemes for plug-in hybrid vehicle
charging. Moreover, we have studied technique of
improving solar efficiency through external trapping. Ours
charging system provides novel technique to serve battery
replenishment. An NJN strategy is discovered for a movable
serving system. In this, the request related to charging from
PHEVs is demonstrated by the distribution named Poisson.
Hence , the movable device serves the next adjacent PHEV
when the on going request is completed. We proposed
several possible designs for an array of concentrators that
can be used along with solar cell. Thus, square, hexagonal
and circular parabolic concentrators considered to improve
EQE of solar cell. In order to realize a high transmittance
A
R
M
7
Power Supply
Driver
Circuit
Plug-in Charger
Solar
Panel
3D printed
Concentrator
Array
Relay
Ignition
On/Off
Battery
Mobile
Phone
(Andro
id
App)
LCD
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 253
fabrication accuracy should be high. Also we can book
charging slot hence providing an efficient way to get rid of
range anxiety problem and reduce harmful emissions of
gases that often occur in ICE vehicles.
V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors acknowledge the breakthrough discussions with
the help of K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education
and Research, Nasik, India for providing research facilities.
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